4YGL

NaClO4--Interactions between Hofmeister Anions and the Binding Pocket of a Protein

Summary for 4YGL

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb4ygl/pdb
• Related: 3RYY 4YGJ 4YGK 4YGN
• Descriptor: Carbonic anhydrase 2, ZINC ION, HYDROXIDE ION, ... (5 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: lyase, hofmeister anions, hcaii
• Biological source: Homo sapiens (Human)
• Total number of polymer chains: 1
• Total formula weight: 29379.42

Authors

Fox, J.M.,Kang, K.,Sherman, W.,Heroux, A.,Sastry, G.M.,Baghbanzadeh, M.,Lockett, M.R.,Whitesides, G.M. (deposition date: 2015-02-26, release date: 2015-03-25, Last modification date: 2024-02-28)

Primary citation

Fox, J.M.,Kang, K.,Sherman, W.,Heroux, A.,Sastry, G.M.,Baghbanzadeh, M.,Lockett, M.R.,Whitesides, G.M.
Interactions between Hofmeister Anions and the Binding Pocket of a Protein.
J.Am.Chem.Soc., 137:3859-3866, 2015

PubMed Abstract: This paper uses the binding pocket of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII, EC 4.2.1.1) as a tool to examine the properties of Hofmeister anions that determine (i) where, and how strongly, they associate with concavities on the surfaces of proteins and (ii) how, upon binding, they alter the structure of water within those concavities. Results from X-ray crystallography and isothermal titration calorimetry show that most anions associate with the binding pocket of HCAII by forming inner-sphere ion pairs with the Zn(2+) cofactor. In these ion pairs, the free energy of anion-Zn(2+) association is inversely proportional to the free energetic cost of anion dehydration; this relationship is consistent with the mechanism of ion pair formation suggested by the "law of matching water affinities". Iodide and bromide anions also associate with a hydrophobic declivity in the wall of the binding pocket. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that anions, upon associating with Zn(2+), trigger rearrangements of water that extend up to 8 Å away from their surfaces. These findings expand the range of interactions previously thought to occur between ions and proteins by suggesting that (i) weakly hydrated anions can bind complementarily shaped hydrophobic declivities, and that (ii) ion-induced rearrangements of water within protein concavities can (in contrast with similar rearrangements in bulk water) extend well beyond the first hydration shells of the ions that trigger them. This study paints a picture of Hofmeister anions as a set of structurally varied ligands that differ in size, shape, and affinity for water and, thus, in their ability to bind to—and to alter the charge and hydration structure of—polar, nonpolar, and topographically complex concavities on the surfaces of proteins.

PubMed: 25738615
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00187

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.51 Å)