3TK4

Crystal structure of phenylalanine hydroxylase from Chromobacterium violaceum bound to cobalt

Summary for 3TK4

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb3tk4/pdb
• Related: 3TCY 3TK2
• Descriptor: Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase, COBALT (II) ION (3 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: cobalt-bound structure, mixed alpha beta, hydroxylase, phenylalanine, tetrahydrobiopterin, iron (ii), molecular oxygen, hydroxylation, oxidoreductase
• Biological source: Chromobacterium violaceum
• Total number of polymer chains: 1
• Total formula weight: 34179.36

Authors

Ronau, J.A.,Abu-Omar, M.M.,Das, C. (deposition date: 2011-08-25, release date: 2012-09-05, Last modification date: 2023-09-13)

Primary citation

Ronau, J.A.,Paul, L.N.,Fuchs, J.E.,Corn, I.R.,Wagner, K.T.,Liedl, K.R.,Abu-Omar, M.M.,Das, C.
An additional substrate binding site in a bacterial phenylalanine hydroxylase.
Eur.Biophys.J., 42:691-708, 2013

PubMed Abstract: Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) is a non-heme iron enzyme that catalyzes oxidation of phenylalanine to tyrosine, a reaction that must be kept under tight regulatory control. Mammalian PAH has a regulatory domain in which binding of the substrate leads to allosteric activation of the enzyme. However, the existence of PAH regulation in evolutionarily distant organisms, for example some bacteria in which it occurs, has so far been underappreciated. In an attempt to crystallographically characterize substrate binding by PAH from Chromobacterium violaceum, a single-domain monomeric enzyme, electron density for phenylalanine was observed at a distal site 15.7 Å from the active site. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments revealed a dissociation constant of 24 ± 1.1 μM for phenylalanine. Under the same conditions, ITC revealed no detectable binding for alanine, tyrosine, or isoleucine, indicating the distal site may be selective for phenylalanine. Point mutations of amino acid residues in the distal site that contact phenylalanine (F258A, Y155A, T254A) led to impaired binding, consistent with the presence of distal site binding in solution. Although kinetic analysis revealed that the distal site mutants suffer discernible loss of their catalytic activity, X-ray crystallographic analysis of Y155A and F258A, the two mutants with the most noticeable decrease in activity, revealed no discernible change in the structure of their active sites, suggesting that the effect of distal binding may result from protein dynamics in solution.

PubMed: 23860686
DOI: 10.1007/s00249-013-0919-8

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.5 Å)