3TH5

Crystal structure of wild-type RAC1

Summary for 3TH5

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb3th5/pdb
• Related: 3SBD 3SBE 4GZL 4GZM
• Descriptor: Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, PHOSPHOAMINOPHOSPHONIC ACID-GUANYLATE ESTER, MAGNESIUM ION, ... (4 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: rossmann fold, gtpase, gtp binding, protein binding, signaling protein
• Biological source: Homo sapiens (human)
• Cellular location: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side (By similarity): P63000
• Total number of polymer chains: 2
• Total formula weight: 46561.08

Authors

Ha, B.H.,Boggon, T.J. (deposition date: 2011-08-18, release date: 2012-07-18, Last modification date: 2023-09-13)

Primary citation

Krauthammer, M.,Kong, Y.,Ha, B.H.,Evans, P.,Bacchiocchi, A.,McCusker, J.P.,Cheng, E.,Davis, M.J.,Goh, G.,Choi, M.,Ariyan, S.,Narayan, D.,Dutton-Regester, K.,Capatana, A.,Holman, E.C.,Bosenberg, M.,Sznol, M.,Kluger, H.M.,Brash, D.E.,Stern, D.F.,Materin, M.A.,Lo, R.S.,Mane, S.,Ma, S.,Kidd, K.K.,Hayward, N.K.,Lifton, R.P.,Schlessinger, J.,Boggon, T.J.,Halaban, R.
Exome sequencing identifies recurrent somatic RAC1 mutations in melanoma.
Nat.Genet., 44:1006-1014, 2012

PubMed Abstract: We characterized the mutational landscape of melanoma, the form of skin cancer with the highest mortality rate, by sequencing the exomes of 147 melanomas. Sun-exposed melanomas had markedly more ultraviolet (UV)-like C>T somatic mutations compared to sun-shielded acral, mucosal and uveal melanomas. Among the newly identified cancer genes was PPP6C, encoding a serine/threonine phosphatase, which harbored mutations that clustered in the active site in 12% of sun-exposed melanomas, exclusively in tumors with mutations in BRAF or NRAS. Notably, we identified a recurrent UV-signature, an activating mutation in RAC1 in 9.2% of sun-exposed melanomas. This activating mutation, the third most frequent in our cohort of sun-exposed melanoma after those of BRAF and NRAS, changes Pro29 to serine (RAC1(P29S)) in the highly conserved switch I domain. Crystal structures, and biochemical and functional studies of RAC1(P29S) showed that the alteration releases the conformational restraint conferred by the conserved proline, causes an increased binding of the protein to downstream effectors, and promotes melanocyte proliferation and migration. These findings raise the possibility that pharmacological inhibition of downstream effectors of RAC1 signaling could be of therapeutic benefit.

PubMed: 22842228
DOI: 10.1038/ng.2359

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (2.3 Å)