3T27

Orthorhombic trypsin (bovine) in the presence of betaine

Summary for 3T27

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb3t27/pdb
• Related: 3T25 3T26 3T28 3T29 3T2A 3T2H 3T2I 3T2J
• Descriptor: Cationic trypsin, CALCIUM ION, SULFATE ION, ... (6 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: protease, hydrolase
• Biological source: Bos taurus (bovine,cow,domestic cattle,domestic cow)
• Cellular location: Secreted, extracellular space: P00760
• Total number of polymer chains: 1
• Total formula weight: 24053.20

Authors

Venkat, M.,Saxby, C.,Cahn, J.,Juers, D. (deposition date: 2011-07-22, release date: 2011-12-28, Last modification date: 2023-11-15)

Primary citation

Marshall, H.,Venkat, M.,Hti Lar Seng, N.S.,Cahn, J.,Juers, D.H.
The use of trimethylamine N-oxide as a primary precipitating agent and related methylamine osmolytes as cryoprotective agents for macromolecular crystallography.
Acta Crystallogr.,Sect.D, 68:69-81, 2012

PubMed Abstract: Both crystallization and cryoprotection are often bottlenecks for high-resolution X-ray structure determination of macromolecules. Methylamine osmolytes are known stabilizers of protein structure. One such osmolyte, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), has seen occasional use as an additive to improve macromolecular crystal quality and has recently been shown to be an effective cryoprotective agent for low-temperature data collection. Here, TMAO and the related osmolytes sarcosine and betaine are investigated as primary precipitating agents for protein crystal growth. Crystallization experiments were undertaken with 14 proteins. Using TMAO, seven proteins crystallized in a total of 13 crystal forms, including a new tetragonal crystal form of trypsin. The crystals diffracted well, and eight of the 13 crystal forms could be effectively cryocooled as grown with TMAO as an in situ cryoprotective agent. Sarcosine and betaine produced crystals of four and two of the 14 proteins, respectively. In addition to TMAO, sarcosine and betaine were effective post-crystallization cryoprotective agents for two different crystal forms of thermolysin. Precipitation reactions of TMAO with several transition-metal ions (Fe(3+), Co(2+), Cu(2+) and Zn(2+)) did not occur with sarcosine or betaine and were inhibited for TMAO at lower pH. Structures of proteins from TMAO-grown crystals and from crystals soaked in TMAO, sarcosine or betaine were determined, showing osmolyte binding in five of the 12 crystals tested. When an osmolyte was shown to bind, it did so near the protein surface, interacting with water molecules, side chains and backbone atoms, often at crystal contacts.

PubMed: 22194335
DOI: 10.1107/S0907444911050360

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.95 Å)