2OT5

Crystal structure of the HIV gp41 core with the enfuvirtide resistance mutation N43D

Summary for 2OT5

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb2ot5/pdb
• Descriptor: HIV-1 gp41 glycoprotein (2 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: gp41, coiled-coil, viral protein
• Biological source: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (Virus)
• Total number of polymer chains: 1
• Total formula weight: 7880.74

Authors

Bai, X.,Seedorff, J.E.,Green, J.,Dwyer, J.J. (deposition date: 2007-02-07, release date: 2008-06-17, Last modification date: 2023-08-30)

Primary citation

Bai, X.,Wilson, K.L.,Seedorff, J.E.,Ahrens, D.,Green, J.,Davison, D.K.,Jin, L.,Stanfield-Oakley, S.A.,Mosier, S.M.,Melby, T.E.,Cammack, N.,Wang, Z.,Greenberg, M.L.,Dwyer, J.J.
Impact of the enfuvirtide resistance mutation N43D and the associated baseline polymorphism E137K on peptide sensitivity and six-helix bundle structure.
Biochemistry, 47:6662-6670, 2008

PubMed Abstract: Enfuvirtide (ENF), the first human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) fusion inhibitor approved for clinical use, acts by binding to gp41 heptad repeat 1 (HR1) and preventing its interaction with the viral HR2 region. Treatment-emergent resistance to ENF has been mapped to residues within HR1, and these mutations decrease its susceptibility to ENF and may reduce viral fitness and pathogenesis, although the mechanism for these effects is not clear. N43D, a common ENF resistance mutation, was found in in vitro assays to cause a 5-50-fold in antiviral activity. We introduced this mutation into peptide models and determined the impact of this mutation by circular dichroism and X-ray crystallography. We find that the mutation results in a decrease in the thermal stability of the six-helix bundle and causes a significant change in the HR1-HR2 interface, including a loss of HR2 helicity. These data form a mechanistic basis for the decrease in ENF sensitivity and six-helix bundle stability. The E137K polymorphism, generally present at baseline in patients who develop N43D, partially compensates for the loss of stability, and we show that these residues likely form an ion pair. These data form a framework for understanding the impact of resistance mutations on viral fitness and pathogenesis and provide a pathway for the development of novel fusion inhibitor peptides.

PubMed: 18507398
DOI: 10.1021/bi702509d

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.8 Å)