1GVO

STRUCTURE OF PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE REDUCTASE AND COMPLEXED WITH 2,4 DINITROPHENOL

Summary for 1GVO

• Entry DOI: 10.2210/pdb1gvo/pdb
• Related: 1GVQ 1GVR 1GVS 1H50 1H51 1H60 1H61 1H62 1H63
• Descriptor: PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE REDUCTASE, FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE, 2,4-DINITROPHENOL, ... (4 entities in total)
• Functional Keywords: flavoenzyme, explosive degradation, steroid binding, oxidoreductase
• Biological source: ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE
• Total number of polymer chains: 1
• Total formula weight: 40044.45

Authors

Barna, T.,Moody, P.C.E. (deposition date: 2002-02-22, release date: 2003-02-20, Last modification date: 2023-12-13)

Primary citation

Khan, H.,Harris, R.,Barna, T.,Craig, D.,Bruce, N.,Munro, A.,Moody, P.C.E.,Scrutton, N.
Kinetic and Structural Basis of Reactivity of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Reductase with Nadph,2-Cyclohexenone Nitroesters and Nitroaromatic Explosives
J.Biol.Chem., 277:21906-, 2002

PubMed Abstract: The reaction of pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase with reducing and oxidizing substrates has been studied by stopped-flow spectrophotometry, redox potentiometry, and X-ray crystallography. We show in the reductive half-reaction of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) reductase that NADPH binds to form an enzyme-NADPH charge transfer intermediate prior to hydride transfer from the nicotinamide coenzyme to FMN. In the oxidative half-reaction, the two-electron-reduced enzyme reacts with several substrates including nitroester explosives (glycerol trinitrate and PETN), nitroaromatic explosives (trinitrotoluene (TNT) and picric acid), and alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (2-cyclohexenone). Oxidation of the flavin by the nitroaromatic substrate TNT is kinetically indistinguishable from formation of its hydride-Meisenheimer complex, consistent with a mechanism involving direct nucleophilic attack by hydride from the flavin N5 atom at the electron-deficient aromatic nucleus of the substrate. The crystal structures of complexes of the oxidized enzyme bound to picric acid and TNT are consistent with direct hydride transfer from the reduced flavin to nitroaromatic substrates. The mode of binding the inhibitor 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) is similar to that observed with picric acid and TNT. In this position, however, the aromatic nucleus is not activated for hydride transfer from the flavin N5 atom, thus accounting for the lack of reactivity with 2,4-DNP. Our work with PETN reductase establishes further a close relationship to the Old Yellow Enzyme family of proteins but at the same time highlights important differences compared with the reactivity of Old Yellow Enzyme. Our studies provide a structural and mechanistic rationale for the ability of PETN reductase to react with the nitroaromatic explosive compounds TNT and picric acid and for the inhibition of enzyme activity with 2,4-DNP.

PubMed: 11923299
DOI: 10.1074/JBC.M200637200

Experimental method

X-RAY DIFFRACTION (1.38 Å)