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- PDB-9yqk: C-terminal LRRK2 bound to C12 DARPin -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9yqk
TitleC-terminal LRRK2 bound to C12 DARPin
Components
  • C12 DARPin
  • Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2
KeywordsPROTEIN BINDING / Kinase / Complex / DARPins
Function / homology
Function and homology information


regulation of neuron maturation / caveola neck / : / beta-catenin destruction complex binding / regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve / Wnt signalosome assembly / negative regulation of motile cilium assembly / regulation of kidney size / tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb / regulation of cell projection organization ...regulation of neuron maturation / caveola neck / : / beta-catenin destruction complex binding / regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve / Wnt signalosome assembly / negative regulation of motile cilium assembly / regulation of kidney size / tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb / regulation of cell projection organization / regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway / regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport / GTP-dependent protein kinase activity / regulation of SNARE complex assembly / regulation of neuroblast proliferation / protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum exit site / negative regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport / regulation of mitochondrial depolarization / : / peroxidase inhibitor activity / positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway / amphisome / regulation of synaptic vesicle transport / : / regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade / striatum development / negative regulation of autophagosome assembly / co-receptor binding / positive regulation of microglial cell activation / olfactory bulb development / regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi / negative regulation of GTPase activity / cellular response to curcumin / regulation of locomotion / positive regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis / JUN kinase kinase kinase activity / cytoplasmic side of mitochondrial outer membrane / endoplasmic reticulum organization / regulation of cAMP/PKA signal transduction / negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential / multivesicular body, internal vesicle / neuron projection arborization / regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis / positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway / mitochondrion localization / protein localization to mitochondrion / cellular response to dopamine / negative regulation of protein processing / Wnt signalosome / positive regulation of protein autoubiquitination / exploration behavior / GTP metabolic process / regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process / regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway / lysosome organization / syntaxin-1 binding / positive regulation of programmed cell death / negative regulation of macroautophagy / PTK6 promotes HIF1A stabilization / Golgi-associated vesicle / clathrin binding / regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis / locomotory exploration behavior / Golgi organization / regulation of mitochondrial fission / intracellular distribution of mitochondria / Lewy body / protein kinase A binding / canonical Wnt signaling pathway / microvillus / neuromuscular junction development / autolysosome / endoplasmic reticulum exit site / Rho protein signal transduction / determination of adult lifespan / MAP kinase kinase kinase activity / JNK cascade / regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis / negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway / regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic / presynaptic cytosol / cellular response to manganese ion / phagocytic vesicle / neuron projection morphogenesis / positive regulation of autophagy / dendrite cytoplasm / excitatory postsynaptic potential / positive regulation of protein ubiquitination / cellular response to starvation / GTPase activator activity / calcium-mediated signaling / mitochondrion organization / SNARE binding / negative regulation of neuron projection development / cellular response to reactive oxygen species / trans-Golgi network / regulation of protein stability / regulation of membrane potential / tubulin binding / regulation of autophagy
Similarity search - Function
: / : / : / LRRK2 ARM repeat / LRRK2 ANK repeat / LRRK2 beta propeller / : / : / C-terminal of Roc, COR-B domain / C-terminal of Roc (COR) domain ...: / : / : / LRRK2 ARM repeat / LRRK2 ANK repeat / LRRK2 beta propeller / : / : / C-terminal of Roc, COR-B domain / C-terminal of Roc (COR) domain / C-terminal of Roc, COR-A domain / Ras of Complex, Roc, domain of DAPkinase / Roc domain profile. / Roc domain / Leucine-rich repeats, bacterial type / Leucine rich repeat / Leucine-rich repeat, typical subtype / Leucine-rich repeats, typical (most populated) subfamily / Leucine-rich repeat profile. / Leucine-rich repeat / Leucine-rich repeat domain superfamily / Rab subfamily of small GTPases / Ankyrin repeat-containing domain superfamily / Armadillo-like helical / Small GTP-binding protein domain / Armadillo-type fold / Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site / Serine/Threonine protein kinases active-site signature. / Protein kinase domain / Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / Protein kinase, ATP binding site / Protein kinases ATP-binding region signature. / Protein kinase domain profile. / Protein kinase domain / Protein kinase-like domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
synthetic construct (others)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.6 Å
AuthorsSanz-Murillo, M. / Leschziner, A.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Other privateASAP-000519 United States
CitationJournal: Cell / Year: 2026
Title: The structural basis for LRRK2's activation and autoinhibition.
Authors: Amalia Villagran Suarez / Kathryn S Hatch / Tatyana Bodrug / Wei Gai / Katherine J Surridge / Elizabeth Moussikhina / Kendrick H V Nguyen / Marta Sanz-Murillo / Robert Callahan / Erica Xiong ...Authors: Amalia Villagran Suarez / Kathryn S Hatch / Tatyana Bodrug / Wei Gai / Katherine J Surridge / Elizabeth Moussikhina / Kendrick H V Nguyen / Marta Sanz-Murillo / Robert Callahan / Erica Xiong / Delisa Ramos / Lawrence Zhu / Verena Dederer / Sebastian Mathea / Janet Iwasa / Stefan Knapp / Kevan M Shokat / Samara L Reck-Peterson / Andres E Leschziner /
Abstract: Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the second most common cause of autosomal-dominant Parkinson's disease (PD), and increased LRRK2 kinase activity is also observed in idiopathic ...Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the second most common cause of autosomal-dominant Parkinson's disease (PD), and increased LRRK2 kinase activity is also observed in idiopathic PD, making LRRK2 a major actionable therapeutic target. LRRK2 is a 286-kDa multidomain enzyme containing a Ras-like GTPase (ROC) and a kinase domain. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), biochemical reconstitution, and cell-based assays, we show that the ROC GTPase governs switching between autoinhibited and active states: GTP binding promotes activation, whereas GDP binding enforces autoinhibition. Two common PD-linked mutations, G2019S and R1441C/G/H, activate LRRK2 through distinct structural mechanisms, revealing genotype-specific routes to dysregulation. These findings provide a unified framework for understanding LRRK2 regulation with broad therapeutic implications. Stabilizing the guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound state may inhibit LRRK2 by maintaining autoinhibition, whereas promoting the GTP-bound state could be advantageous in specific cellular contexts, such as the lung, where increased LRRK2 kinase activity may play protective or regulatory roles.
History
DepositionOct 15, 2025Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Aug 12, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Aug 12, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Aug 19, 2026Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
Item: _citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev ..._citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev / _citation.journal_id_ASTM / _citation.journal_id_CSD / _citation.journal_id_ISSN / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _em_admin.last_update
Revision 1.1Aug 19, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / Group: Database references / Experimental summary / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata ...EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata
Item: _citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev ..._citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev / _citation.journal_id_ASTM / _citation.journal_id_CSD / _citation.journal_id_ISSN / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2
B: C12 DARPin


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)300,8112
Polymers300,8112
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2


Mass: 286462.781 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: LRRK2 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: Q5S007
#2: Protein C12 DARPin


Mass: 14348.062 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) synthetic construct (others) / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: C-terminal LRRK2 bound to C12 DARPin / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.156 MDa / Experimental value: YES
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
120 mMHEPES1
2150 mMSodium ChlorideNaCl21
32.5 mMMagnesium ChlorideMgCl21
40.5 mMTCEP1
55 %Glycerol1
620 uMGDP1
SpecimenConc.: 0.68 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid material: GOLD / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: UltrAuFoil R1.2/1.3
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277.15 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Talos Arctica / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TALOS ARCTICA
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 200 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 36000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm / Calibrated defocus min: 2500 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / Alignment procedure: BASIC
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER
Image recordingElectron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Detector mode: COUNTING / Film or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1Topaz0.2.5particle selection
4cryoSPARC4.1CTF correction
7UCSF ChimeraX1.7model fitting
11cryoSPARC4.1classification
12cryoSPARC4.13D reconstruction
13PHENIX1.21_5207model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C1 (asymmetric)
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.6 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 392016 / Algorithm: FOURIER SPACE / Num. of class averages: 1 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingProtocol: AB INITIO MODEL / Space: REAL
Atomic model buildingPDB-ID: 6VP7

6vp7


Accession code: 6VP7 / Source name: PDB / Type: experimental model
RefinementHighest resolution: 3.6 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.0049090
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.75712290
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d5.2171189
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0481425
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0051543

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