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- PDB-9qon: Ternary complex of the human 20S proteasome in complex with Impor... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9qon
TitleTernary complex of the human 20S proteasome in complex with Importin-9 and two homodimers of Akirin-2 - focussed refinement on the alpha subunits, Ipo-9 and Ak2
Components
  • (Proteasome subunit alpha type- ...) x 7
  • Akirin-2
  • Importin-9
KeywordsPROTEIN TRANSPORT / 20S proteasome / 20S / proteasome / nuclear iport / akirin / akirin2 / importin 9 / importin
Function / homology
Function and homology information


proteasome localization / regulation of muscle cell differentiation / positive regulation of B cell activation / histone chaperone activity / nuclear protein quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system / positive regulation of adaptive immune response / purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding / embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching / sperm glycocalyx / Antigen processing: Ub, ATP-independent proteasomal degradation ...proteasome localization / regulation of muscle cell differentiation / positive regulation of B cell activation / histone chaperone activity / nuclear protein quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system / positive regulation of adaptive immune response / purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding / embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching / sperm glycocalyx / Antigen processing: Ub, ATP-independent proteasomal degradation / perinuclear theca / positive regulation of innate immune response / Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) / nuclear import signal receptor activity / Proteasome assembly / proteasome core complex / Cross-presentation of soluble exogenous antigens (endosomes) / Somitogenesis / sperm head-tail coupling apparatus / myofibril / immune system process / NF-kappaB binding / proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex / transcription repressor complex / ciliary tip / proteasome complex / : / sarcomere / sperm end piece / Regulation of activated PAK-2p34 by proteasome mediated degradation / Autodegradation of Cdh1 by Cdh1:APC/C / APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of Securin / transcription coregulator activity / Asymmetric localization of PCP proteins / centriole / Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Cyclin D / SCF-beta-TrCP mediated degradation of Emi1 / NIK-->noncanonical NF-kB signaling / TNFR2 non-canonical NF-kB pathway / AUF1 (hnRNP D0) binds and destabilizes mRNA / negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus / Assembly of the pre-replicative complex / P-body / Vpu mediated degradation of CD4 / Cdc20:Phospho-APC/C mediated degradation of Cyclin A / Degradation of DVL / Dectin-1 mediated noncanonical NF-kB signaling / Degradation of CRY and PER proteins / lipopolysaccharide binding / Degradation of AXIN / Hh mutants are degraded by ERAD / Activation of NF-kappaB in B cells / G2/M Checkpoints / Hedgehog ligand biogenesis / Degradation of GLI1 by the proteasome / Defective CFTR causes cystic fibrosis / Autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 / Regulation of RUNX3 expression and activity / GSK3B and BTRC:CUL1-mediated-degradation of NFE2L2 / Negative regulation of NOTCH4 signaling / Hedgehog 'on' state / APC/C:Cdh1 mediated degradation of Cdc20 and other APC/C:Cdh1 targeted proteins in late mitosis/early G1 / Vif-mediated degradation of APOBEC3G / FBXL7 down-regulates AURKA during mitotic entry and in early mitosis / Ubiquitin-Mediated Degradation of Phosphorylated Cdc25A / Degradation of CDH1 / Degradation of GLI2 by the proteasome / GLI3 is processed to GLI3R by the proteasome / MAPK6/MAPK4 signaling / cerebral cortex development / Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex / ABC-family proteins mediated transport / Oxygen-dependent proline hydroxylation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor Alpha / positive regulation of interleukin-6 production / CDK-mediated phosphorylation and removal of Cdc6 / CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling / SCF(Skp2)-mediated degradation of p27/p21 / response to virus / FCERI mediated NF-kB activation / small GTPase binding / Regulation of expression of SLITs and ROBOs / nuclear matrix / Regulation of PTEN stability and activity / Interleukin-1 signaling / Orc1 removal from chromatin / Regulation of RAS by GAPs / protein import into nucleus / Regulation of RUNX2 expression and activity / The role of GTSE1 in G2/M progression after G2 checkpoint / Separation of Sister Chromatids / KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway / UCH proteinases / Downstream TCR signaling / nuclear envelope / sperm principal piece / Antigen processing: Ubiquitination & Proteasome degradation / RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in differentiation of HSCs / ER-Phagosome pathway / Neddylation / sperm midpiece
Similarity search - Function
: / Importin-11-like, TPR repeats / : / Importin-9 central HEAT repeats / Akirin / Importin-beta N-terminal domain / Importin-beta N-terminal domain / Importin-beta N-terminal domain profile. / Importin-beta, N-terminal domain / Proteasome subunit alpha 1 ...: / Importin-11-like, TPR repeats / : / Importin-9 central HEAT repeats / Akirin / Importin-beta N-terminal domain / Importin-beta N-terminal domain / Importin-beta N-terminal domain profile. / Importin-beta, N-terminal domain / Proteasome subunit alpha 1 / Proteasome subunit alpha5 / Proteasome subunit alpha6 / Proteasome beta-type subunit, conserved site / Proteasome subunit A N-terminal signature / Proteasome alpha-type subunits signature. / Proteasome alpha-subunit, N-terminal domain / Proteasome subunit A N-terminal signature Add an annotation / : / Proteasome alpha-type subunit / Proteasome alpha-type subunit profile. / Proteasome subunit / Proteasome, subunit alpha/beta / Nucleophile aminohydrolases, N-terminal / Armadillo-like helical / Armadillo-type fold
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Proteasome subunit alpha type-7 / Proteasome subunit alpha type-1 / Proteasome subunit alpha type-2 / Proteasome subunit alpha type-3 / Proteasome subunit alpha type-4 / Proteasome subunit alpha type-5 / Proteasome subunit alpha type-6 / Akirin-2 / Importin-9
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.2 Å
AuthorsBrunner, H.L. / Grundmann, L. / David, H.
Funding supportEuropean Union, Austria, 2items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
H2020 Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission847548European Union
Austrian Science Fund10.55776/F79 Austria
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2026
Title: A multivalent adaptor mechanism drives the nuclear import of proteasomes.
Authors: Hanna L Brunner / Robert W Kalis / Lorenz Grundmann / Zuzana Hodáková / Zuzana Koskova / Irina Grishkovskaya / Melanie de Almeida / Matthias Hinterndorfer / Hannah Knaudt / Simon Höfflin ...Authors: Hanna L Brunner / Robert W Kalis / Lorenz Grundmann / Zuzana Hodáková / Zuzana Koskova / Irina Grishkovskaya / Melanie de Almeida / Matthias Hinterndorfer / Hannah Knaudt / Simon Höfflin / Florian Andersch / Harald Kotisch / Achim Dickmanns / Sara Cuylen-Haering / Johannes Zuber / David Haselbach /
Abstract: Nuclear protein homeostasis, including transcription factor turnover, critically depends on the nuclear proteasomes that must be imported after cell division. This dynamic process requires AKIRIN2, a ...Nuclear protein homeostasis, including transcription factor turnover, critically depends on the nuclear proteasomes that must be imported after cell division. This dynamic process requires AKIRIN2, a small unstructured protein whose mechanistic role has remained elusive despite its essential function. Using an integrated approach combining protein-wide saturation mutagenesis screens, cryo-EM, and biochemical reconstitution, we characterize AKIRIN2 as a scaffold protein that coordinates the assembly of an importin cluster around the proteasome. AKIRIN2 binds in multiple copies to the 20S proteasome and simultaneously interacts with importin IPO9 and the KPNA2/KPNB1 heterodimer. In the nucleus, RanGTP triggers importin dissociation, releasing the proteasome, while AKIRIN2 undergoes ubiquitin-independent degradation. Our findings reveal how AKIRIN2's multivalency facilitates the recruitment of multiple importins to the proteasome, a critical adaptation for transporting this large macromolecular complex into the nucleus and maintaining the nuclear proteome.
History
DepositionMar 26, 2025Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Jan 28, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jan 28, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Importin-9
B: Akirin-2
C: Akirin-2
D: Akirin-2
F: Proteasome subunit alpha type-3
G: Proteasome subunit alpha type-6
O: Proteasome subunit alpha type-2
P: Proteasome subunit alpha type-4
Q: Proteasome subunit alpha type-7
R: Proteasome subunit alpha type-5
S: Proteasome subunit alpha type-1


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)378,95611
Polymers378,95611
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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Protein , 2 types, 4 molecules ABCD

#1: Protein Importin-9 / Imp9 / Ran-binding protein 9 / RanBP9


Mass: 116062.320 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: IPO9, IMP9, KIAA1192, RANBP9, HSPC273 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Strain (production host): Arctic Express / References: UniProt: Q96P70
#2: Protein Akirin-2


Mass: 22525.582 Da / Num. of mol.: 3
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: AKIRIN2, C6orf166 / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: Q53H80

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Proteasome subunit alpha type- ... , 7 types, 7 molecules FGOPQRS

#3: Protein Proteasome subunit alpha type-3 / Macropain subunit C8 / Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit C8 / Proteasome component C8


Mass: 28469.252 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: PSMA3, HC8, PSC8 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: P25788
#4: Protein Proteasome subunit alpha type-6 / 27 kDa prosomal protein / p27K / Macropain iota chain / Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex iota ...27 kDa prosomal protein / p27K / Macropain iota chain / Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex iota chain / Proteasome iota chain


Mass: 27432.459 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: PSMA6, PROS27 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: P60900
#5: Protein Proteasome subunit alpha type-2 / Macropain subunit C3 / Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit C3 / Proteasome component C3


Mass: 25927.535 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: PSMA2, HC3, PSC3 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: P25787
#6: Protein Proteasome subunit alpha type-4 / Macropain subunit C9 / Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit C9 / Proteasome component C9 / ...Macropain subunit C9 / Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit C9 / Proteasome component C9 / Proteasome subunit L


Mass: 29525.842 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: PSMA4, HC9, PSC9 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: P25789
#7: Protein Proteasome subunit alpha type-7 / Proteasome subunit RC6-1 / Proteasome subunit XAPC7


Mass: 27929.891 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: PSMA7, HSPC / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: O14818
#8: Protein Proteasome subunit alpha type-5 / Macropain zeta chain / Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex zeta chain / Proteasome zeta chain


Mass: 26435.977 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: PSMA5 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: P28066
#9: Protein Proteasome subunit alpha type-1 / 30 kDa prosomal protein / PROS-30 / Macropain subunit C2 / Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex ...30 kDa prosomal protein / PROS-30 / Macropain subunit C2 / Multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit C2 / Proteasome component C2 / Proteasome nu chain


Mass: 29595.627 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: PSMA1, HC2, NU, PROS30, PSC2 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: P25786

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Details

Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Ternary complex of the human 20S proteasome in complex with two dimers of Akirin-2 and Importin-9
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #2-#9, #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid type: Quantifoil R3.5/1
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1900 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 44.4 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameCategory
2EPUimage acquisition
8PHENIXmodel refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.2 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 61740 / Symmetry type: POINT

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