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- PDB-9q9f: DNA-PK bound to a 153 bp H2AX nucleosome model 1 -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9q9f
TitleDNA-PK bound to a 153 bp H2AX nucleosome model 1
Components
  • (DNA) x 2
  • (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein ...) x 2
  • DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
  • Histone H2AX
  • Histone H2B type 1-J
  • Histone H3.1
  • Histone H4
KeywordsDNA BINDING PROTEIN / DNA-binding protein / NHEJ / Ku70/80 / nucleosome
Function / homology
Function and homology information


positive regulation of platelet formation / Ku70:Ku80 complex / T cell receptor V(D)J recombination / negative regulation of t-circle formation / pro-B cell differentiation / DNA end binding / DNA-dependent protein kinase activity / small-subunit processome assembly / positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation / histone H2AXS139 kinase activity ...positive regulation of platelet formation / Ku70:Ku80 complex / T cell receptor V(D)J recombination / negative regulation of t-circle formation / pro-B cell differentiation / DNA end binding / DNA-dependent protein kinase activity / small-subunit processome assembly / positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation / histone H2AXS139 kinase activity / DNA-dependent protein kinase complex / DNA-dependent protein kinase-DNA ligase 4 complex / immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination / nonhomologous end joining complex / immature B cell differentiation / regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation / cellular response to X-ray / regulation of epithelial cell proliferation / double-strand break repair via alternative nonhomologous end joining / XY body / double-strand break repair via classical nonhomologous end joining / nuclear telomere cap complex / protein localization to site of double-strand break / chromatin-protein adaptor activity / Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA / telomere capping / IRF3-mediated induction of type I IFN / regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation / recombinational repair / positive regulation of neurogenesis / regulation of telomere maintenance / U3 snoRNA binding / protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region / maturation of 5.8S rRNA / T cell lineage commitment / cellular hyperosmotic salinity response / negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway / positive regulation of double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining / response to ionizing radiation / B cell lineage commitment / 2-LTR circle formation / hematopoietic stem cell proliferation / telomeric DNA binding / negative regulation of protein phosphorylation / positive regulation of protein kinase activity / Lyases; Carbon-oxygen lyases; Other carbon-oxygen lyases / site of DNA damage / peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation / 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase activity / hematopoietic stem cell differentiation / negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway / ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA / somitogenesis / ectopic germ cell programmed cell death / telomere maintenance via telomerase / negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation / protein localization to CENP-A containing chromatin / Chromatin modifying enzymes / Replacement of protamines by nucleosomes in the male pronucleus / CENP-A containing nucleosome / mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling / Packaging Of Telomere Ends / neurogenesis / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected purine / Cleavage of the damaged purine / Deposition of new CENPA-containing nucleosomes at the centromere / telomere organization / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected pyrimidine / Cleavage of the damaged pyrimidine / Interleukin-7 signaling / activation of innate immune response / DNA helicase activity / telomere maintenance / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Opening / epigenetic regulation of gene expression / positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation / Inhibition of DNA recombination at telomere / Assembly of the ORC complex at the origin of replication / cyclin binding / Meiotic synapsis / DNA damage checkpoint signaling / SUMOylation of chromatin organization proteins / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by the Human Silencing Hub (HUSH) complex / positive regulation of DNA repair / DNA methylation / replication fork / positive regulation of translation / Condensation of Prophase Chromosomes / cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor / Chromatin modifications during the maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) / SIRT1 negatively regulates rRNA expression / HCMV Late Events / condensed nuclear chromosome / ERCC6 (CSB) and EHMT2 (G9a) positively regulate rRNA expression / response to gamma radiation / PRC2 methylates histones and DNA / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by KRAB-ZFP proteins / innate immune response in mucosa / Defective pyroptosis / meiotic cell cycle
Similarity search - Function
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, CC3 / DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, catalytic domain / DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, CC5 / DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, CC1/2 / DNA-PKcs, N-terminal / DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, CC3 / DNA-PKcs, CC5 / DNA-PKcs, N-terminal / DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, CC1/2 / NUC194 ...DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, CC3 / DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, catalytic domain / DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, CC5 / DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, CC1/2 / DNA-PKcs, N-terminal / DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, CC3 / DNA-PKcs, CC5 / DNA-PKcs, N-terminal / DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, CC1/2 / NUC194 / Ku70, bridge and pillars domain superfamily / : / Ku70 / Ku, C-terminal / Ku, C-terminal domain superfamily / Ku C terminal domain like / Ku80 / Ku70/Ku80 C-terminal arm / Ku70/Ku80 C-terminal arm / Ku70/Ku80, N-terminal alpha/beta / Ku70/Ku80 N-terminal alpha/beta domain / Ku70/Ku80 beta-barrel domain / Ku70 and Ku80 are 70kDa and 80kDa subunits of the Lupus Ku autoantigen / Ku70/Ku80 beta-barrel domain / SPOC-like, C-terminal domain superfamily / SAP domain superfamily / SAP motif profile. / SAP domain / Putative DNA-binding (bihelical) motif predicted to be involved in chromosomal organisation / SAP domain / : / FATC domain / PIK-related kinase, FAT / FAT domain / FATC / FATC domain / PIK-related kinase / FAT domain profile. / FATC domain profile. / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinases signature 1. / Phosphatidylinositol 3/4-kinase, conserved site / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinases signature 2. / Phosphatidylinositol 3-/4-kinase, catalytic domain superfamily / Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, catalytic domain / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinase / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinases catalytic domain profile. / Phosphatidylinositol 3-/4-kinase, catalytic domain / von Willebrand factor (vWF) type A domain / von Willebrand factor, type A / von Willebrand factor A-like domain superfamily / : / Histone H2B signature. / Histone H2A conserved site / Histone H2A signature. / Histone H2B / Histone H2B / Histone H2A, C-terminal domain / C-terminus of histone H2A / Histone 2A / Histone H2A / TATA box binding protein associated factor / TATA box binding protein associated factor (TAF), histone-like fold domain / Histone H4, conserved site / Histone H4 signature. / Histone H4 / Histone H4 / CENP-T/Histone H4, histone fold / Centromere kinetochore component CENP-T histone fold / Histone H3 signature 1. / Histone H3 signature 2. / Histone H3 / Histone H3/CENP-A / Histone H2A/H2B/H3 / Core histone H2A/H2B/H3/H4 domain / Histone-fold / Armadillo-like helical / Armadillo-type fold / Protein kinase-like domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
DNA / DNA (> 10) / DNA (> 100) / Histone H2B type 1-J / X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 6 / X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 / Histone H2AX / Histone H4 / Histone H3.1 / DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 4.54 Å
AuthorsHall, C. / Chaplin, A.K.
Funding support Canada, United Kingdom, 2items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Medical Research Council (MRC, Canada)MR/X00029X/1 Canada
The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine United Kingdom
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2025
Title: Cryo-EM structures of NHEJ assemblies with nucleosomes.
Authors: Chloe Hall / Philippe Frit / Antonia Kefala-Stavridi / Amandine Pelletier / Steven W Hardwick / Himani Amin / Matthew K Bilyard / Taiana Maia De Oliviera / Ammarah Tariq / Sayma Zahid / ...Authors: Chloe Hall / Philippe Frit / Antonia Kefala-Stavridi / Amandine Pelletier / Steven W Hardwick / Himani Amin / Matthew K Bilyard / Taiana Maia De Oliviera / Ammarah Tariq / Sayma Zahid / Dimitri Y Chirgadze / Shankar Balasubramanian / Katheryn Meek / Virginie Ropars / Jean-Baptiste Charbonnier / Mauro Modesti / Patrick Calsou / Sébastien Britton / Tom L Blundell / Thomas Schalch / Amanda K Chaplin /
Abstract: DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly deleterious lesions that can trigger cell death or carcinogenesis if unrepaired or misrepaired. In mammals, most DSBs are repaired by non-homologous end ...DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly deleterious lesions that can trigger cell death or carcinogenesis if unrepaired or misrepaired. In mammals, most DSBs are repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which begins when Ku70/80 binds DNA ends and recruits DNA-PKcs to form the DNA-PK holoenzyme. Although recent cryo-EM studies have resolved several NHEJ assemblies, how these factors access DSBs within nucleosomes remains unclear. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of human Ku70/80 and DNA-PK bound to nucleosomes. Ku70/80 binds the DNA end and bends it away from the nucleosome core, while the Ku70 C-terminal SAP domain makes an additional, specific DNA contact. Our DNA-PK-nucleosome structure further reveals the opening of the Ku80 vWA domain, and we show that non-hydrolysable ATP promotes synapsis by stabilising the Ku80-mediated DNA-PK dimer. These structures reveal a model for DSB recognition on nucleosomal DNA and provide insights relevant to targeting NHEJ in cancer therapy.
History
DepositionFeb 26, 2025Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Jan 14, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jan 14, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jan 14, 2026Data content type: Additional map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Additional map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jan 14, 2026Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jan 14, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jan 14, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jan 14, 2026Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jan 14, 2026Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
K: X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 6
L: X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5
I: DNA
J: DNA
O: DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
C: Histone H2AX
D: Histone H2B type 1-J
A: Histone H3.1
B: Histone H4
G: Histone H2AX
H: Histone H2B type 1-J
E: Histone H3.1
F: Histone H4


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)828,76613
Polymers828,76613
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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X-ray repair cross-complementing protein ... , 2 types, 2 molecules KL

#1: Protein X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 6 / 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase Ku70 / 5'-dRP lyase Ku70 / 70 kDa subunit of Ku antigen / ATP- ...5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase Ku70 / 5'-dRP lyase Ku70 / 70 kDa subunit of Ku antigen / ATP-dependent DNA helicase 2 subunit 1 / ATP-dependent DNA helicase II 70 kDa subunit / CTC box-binding factor 75 kDa subunit / CTCBF / DNA repair protein XRCC6 / Lupus Ku autoantigen protein p70 / Ku70 / Thyroid-lupus autoantigen / TLAA / X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 6


Mass: 69945.039 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: XRCC6, G22P1 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
References: UniProt: P12956, Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on acid anhydrides to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement, Lyases; Carbon-oxygen lyases; Other carbon-oxygen lyases
#2: Protein X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 / 86 kDa subunit of Ku antigen / ATP-dependent DNA helicase 2 subunit 2 / ATP-dependent DNA helicase ...86 kDa subunit of Ku antigen / ATP-dependent DNA helicase 2 subunit 2 / ATP-dependent DNA helicase II 80 kDa subunit / CTC box-binding factor 85 kDa subunit / CTCBF / DNA repair protein XRCC5 / Ku80 / Ku86 / Lupus Ku autoantigen protein p86 / Nuclear factor IV / Thyroid-lupus autoantigen / TLAA / X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 5 (double-strand-break rejoining)


Mass: 82812.438 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: XRCC5, G22P2 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
References: UniProt: P13010, Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on acid anhydrides to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement

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DNA chain , 2 types, 2 molecules IJ

#3: DNA chain DNA


Mass: 46998.945 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
#4: DNA chain DNA


Mass: 47457.234 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)

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Protein , 5 types, 9 molecules OCGDHAEBF

#5: Protein DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit / DNA-PK catalytic subunit / DNA-PKcs / DNPK1 / p460


Mass: 469673.219 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human)
References: UniProt: P78527, non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase
#6: Protein Histone H2AX / H2a/x / Histone H2A.X


Mass: 15172.605 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: H2AX, H2AFX / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P16104
#7: Protein Histone H2B type 1-J / Histone H2B.1 / Histone H2B.r / H2B/r


Mass: 13935.239 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: H2BC11, H2BFR, HIST1H2BJ / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P06899
#8: Protein Histone H3.1 / Histone H3/a / Histone H3/b / Histone H3/c / Histone H3/d / Histone H3/f / Histone H3/h / Histone ...Histone H3/a / Histone H3/b / Histone H3/c / Histone H3/d / Histone H3/f / Histone H3/h / Histone H3/i / Histone H3/j / Histone H3/k / Histone H3/l


Mass: 15437.167 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human)
Gene: HIST1H3A, H3FA, HIST1H3B, H3FL, HIST1H3C, H3FC, HIST1H3D, H3FB, HIST1H3E, H3FD, HIST1H3F, H3FI, HIST1H3G, H3FH, HIST1H3H, H3FK, HIST1H3I, H3FF, HIST1H3J, H3FJ
Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P68431
#9: Protein Histone H4


Mass: 11394.426 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human)
Gene: H4C1, H4/A, H4FA, HIST1H4A, H4C2, H4/I, H4FI, HIST1H4B, H4C3, H4/G, H4FG, HIST1H4C, H4C4, H4/B, H4FB, HIST1H4D, H4C5, H4/J, H4FJ, HIST1H4E, H4C6, H4/C, H4FC, HIST1H4F, H4C8, H4/H, H4FH, ...Gene: H4C1, H4/A, H4FA, HIST1H4A, H4C2, H4/I, H4FI, HIST1H4B, H4C3, H4/G, H4FG, HIST1H4C, H4C4, H4/B, H4FB, HIST1H4D, H4C5, H4/J, H4FJ, HIST1H4E, H4C6, H4/C, H4FC, HIST1H4F, H4C8, H4/H, H4FH, HIST1H4H, H4C9, H4/M, H4FM, HIST1H4I, H4C11, H4/E, H4FE, HIST1H4J, H4C12, H4/D, H4FD, HIST1H4K, H4C13, H4/K, H4FK, HIST1H4L, H4C14, H4/N, H4F2, H4FN, HIST2H4, HIST2H4A, H4C15, H4/O, H4FO, HIST2H4B, H4C16, H4-16, HIST4H4
Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P62805

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Details

Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: DNA-PK bound to a 153 bp H2AX nucleosome model 1 / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.829 MDa / Experimental value: YES
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.6
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
120 mMHEPESC8H18N2O4S1
2200 mMsodium chlorideNaCl1
30.5 mMEthylenediaminetetraacetic acidC10H16N2O81
45 mMdithiothreitolC4H10O2S21
52 mMMagnesium chlorideMgCl21
68 mM3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonateC32H58N2O8S1
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportDetails: 30mA / Grid material: COPPER / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 105000 X / Nominal defocus max: 2200 nm / Nominal defocus min: 700 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / Alignment procedure: ZEMLIN TABLEAU
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER
Image recordingAverage exposure time: 2.2 sec. / Electron dose: 48.59 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1cryoSPARCparticle selection
2PHENIX1.21.2_5419model refinement
13cryoSPARC3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 4.54 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 14174 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementHighest resolution: 4.54 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00348097
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.64566172
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d20.02118298
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0397567
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0047538

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