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- PDB-9plo: Structure of alpha2a adrenergic receptor in complex with Go heter... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9plo
TitleStructure of alpha2a adrenergic receptor in complex with Go heterotrimer, scFv16, and N-(5-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)pyridin-4-amine (compound 4905)
Components
  • (Guanine nucleotide-binding protein ...) x 3
  • Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
  • scFv16
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / Receptor / Drug / Complex / GPCR / G-protein / scFv16
Function / homology
Function and homology information


negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction / alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity / Adrenaline signalling through Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor / alpha-2C adrenergic receptor binding / epinephrine binding / phospholipase C-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway / alpha-1B adrenergic receptor binding / negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion / negative regulation of epinephrine secretion / heterotrimeric G-protein binding ...negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction / alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity / Adrenaline signalling through Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor / alpha-2C adrenergic receptor binding / epinephrine binding / phospholipase C-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway / alpha-1B adrenergic receptor binding / negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion / negative regulation of epinephrine secretion / heterotrimeric G-protein binding / negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis / positive regulation of potassium ion transport / dopaminergic synapse / mu-type opioid receptor binding / : / corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding / fear response / thermoception / thioesterase binding / negative regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus / Surfactant metabolism / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting adrenergic receptor signaling pathway / norepinephrine binding / positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis / Adrenoceptors / intestinal absorption / response to alcohol / G protein-coupled dopamine receptor signaling pathway / adrenergic receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of wound healing / response to morphine / regulation of heart contraction / negative regulation of calcium ion transport / parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse / negative regulation of lipid catabolic process / regulation of vasoconstriction / postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission / positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway / Rho protein signal transduction / cellular response to hormone stimulus / adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway / presynaptic active zone membrane / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway / G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding / muscle contraction / axon terminus / presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission / positive regulation of cytokine production / female pregnancy / locomotory behavior / platelet activation / negative regulation of insulin secretion / postsynaptic density membrane / GABA-ergic synapse / vasodilation / epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / photoreceptor disc membrane / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / glucose homeostasis / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / GPER1 signaling / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / G-protein beta-subunit binding / extracellular vesicle / sensory perception of taste / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / actin cytoskeleton organization
Similarity search - Function
Alpha 2A adrenoceptor / Adrenoceptor family / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srsx / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G protein alpha subunit / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G-protein, gamma subunit ...Alpha 2A adrenoceptor / Adrenoceptor family / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srsx / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G protein alpha subunit / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
: / Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Mus musculus (house mouse)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.74 Å
AuthorsSrinivasan, K. / Xu, X. / Mailhot, O. / Manglik, A. / Shoichet, B.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) United States
CitationJournal: bioRxiv / Year: 2026
Title: Toward a Random Background for Ligand Optimization.
Abstract: Ligand optimization is central to drug discovery as hundreds of analogs might be designed and synthesized between an initial hit and a therapeutic candidate. The efficiency of this process is ...Ligand optimization is central to drug discovery as hundreds of analogs might be designed and synthesized between an initial hit and a therapeutic candidate. The efficiency of this process is unclear, at least partly because there is no random background for optimization against which to compare. Such a random background might emerge from synthetically accessible but otherwise systematic random small substitutions across starting ligands, measuring likelihood of achieving a substantial improvement in affinity/potency or other property by any single perturbation. Recent literature and ligand-affinity/potency databases suggest that perhaps 10% of analogs with minor modifications improve upon a parent's potency substantially (by ≥10-fold), but this number is clouded by reporting bias, intentional improvement, and inter-group reproducibility. To begin to establish a background expectation for ligand optimization, we comprehensively and systematically modified 18 lead molecules across six targets with single atom changes; 257 compounds were synthesized. Unexpectedly, 11.2% of these random small perturbation analogs improved potency by ≥10-fold over their parents. Conversely, these more potent analogs typically had worse pharmacokinetics (e.g. reduced metabolic stability, lower plasma free fraction). While it was possible to find analogs where the potency increase compensated for inferior exposure and half-life, resulting in more potent compounds in vivo, overall a frustrated landscape for ligand optimization is revealed. This study begins to establish a background expectation for ligand potency optimization and offers a simple strategy to do so. It also begins to quantify the challenges confronting the field in moving beyond in vitro potency.
History
DepositionJul 15, 2025Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Data content type: Additional map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Additional map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Data content type: Half map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Data content type: Mask / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Mask / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 30, 2025Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Jun 17, 2026Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
Item: _citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev ..._citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev / _citation.journal_id_CSD / _citation.journal_id_ISSN / _citation.pdbx_database_id_DOI / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation.year / _em_admin.last_update
Revision 1.1Jun 17, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / Group: Database references / Experimental summary / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata ...EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata
Item: _citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev ..._citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev / _citation.journal_id_CSD / _citation.journal_id_ISSN / _citation.pdbx_database_id_DOI / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation.year / _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha
B: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
G: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
R: Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
S: scFv16
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)169,0436
Polymers168,8085
Non-polymers2341
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

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Guanine nucleotide-binding protein ... , 3 types, 3 molecules ABG

#1: Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha


Mass: 40100.500 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: GNAO1 / Plasmid: pVL1392 / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
References: UniProt: P09471, Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement
#2: Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Transducin beta chain 1


Mass: 39418.086 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: GNB1 / Plasmid: pVL1392 / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) / References: UniProt: P62873
#3: Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / G gamma-I


Mass: 7861.143 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: GNG2 / Plasmid: pVL1392 / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) / References: UniProt: P59768

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Protein / Antibody / Non-polymers , 3 types, 3 molecules RS

#4: Protein Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor / Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtype C10 / Alpha-2A adrenoreceptor / Alpha-2A adrenoceptor / Alpha-2AAR


Mass: 53643.855 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: ADRA2A, ADRA2R, ADRAR / Plasmid: pVL1392 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: P08913
#5: Antibody scFv16


Mass: 27784.896 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Mus musculus (house mouse) / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
#6: Chemical ChemComp-A1CIU / N-(5-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)pyridin-4-amine


Mass: 234.296 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C16H14N2 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION

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Details

Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

Component
IDNameTypeEntity IDParent-IDSourceDetails (eV)
1Alpha2a adrenergic receptor in complex with Go heterotrimer, scFv16, and compound 4905.COMPLEX#1-#50MULTIPLE SOURCES
2Alpha2a adrenergic receptor with compound 4905COMPLEX#41RECOMBINANT
3Signaling complexCOMPLEX#1-#31RECOMBINANTHeterotrimer complex of G alpha subunit o, G beta, and G gamma
4scFv16COMPLEX#51RECOMBINANT
Molecular weight
IDEntity assembly-IDExperimental value
11NO
21NO
31NO
41NO
Source (natural)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
32Homo sapiens (human)9606
43Homo sapiens (human)9606
54Mus musculus (house mouse)10090
Source (recombinant)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
32Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)7108
43Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)7111
54Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)7111
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
Details: CHS was solubilized in LMNG and GDN prior to diluting into buffers.
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
120 mMHEPESC8H18N2O4S1
2100 mMSodium chlorideNaCl1
30.0075 % w/vLauryl Maltose Neopentyl GlycolC47H88O221
40.0025 % w/vGlyco-diosgeninC56H92O251
50.001 % w/vCholesteryl hemisuccinateC31H50O41
60.01 mMN-(5-methylnaphthalen-1-yl)pyridin-4-amineC16H14N21
SpecimenConc.: 2.6 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportDetails: 15 mA / Grid material: GOLD / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: UltrAuFoil R1.2/1.3
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277.15 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 105000 X / Nominal defocus max: 3000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1500 nm / Alignment procedure: COMA FREE
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER
Image recordingAverage exposure time: 2 sec. / Electron dose: 0.596 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 / Num. of real images: 10305

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1cryoSPARCparticle selection
2SerialEMimage acquisition
4cryoSPARCCTF correction
7UCSF ChimeraXmodel fitting
9cryoSPARCinitial Euler assignment
10cryoSPARCfinal Euler assignment
12cryoSPARC3D reconstruction
13PHENIX1.21.2_5419:model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 6609807
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.74 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 323827 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingB value: 110.6 / Protocol: RIGID BODY FIT
Atomic model buildingPDB-ID: 7EJ8

7ej8


Accession code: 7EJ8 / Source name: PDB / Type: experimental model
RefinementHighest resolution: 2.74 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.0038833
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.55711963
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d4.1721195
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0391353
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0031508

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