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- PDB-9ofu: Dimer of HIF-1a-ARNT Heterodimers Complexed on 52-bp HRE/HAS -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9ofu
TitleDimer of HIF-1a-ARNT Heterodimers Complexed on 52-bp HRE/HAS
Components
  • 52-nt Hypoxia Response Element (Forward)
  • 52-nt Hypoxia Response Element (Reverse)
  • Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
KeywordsDNA BINDING PROTEIN / Complex / Hypoxia / Transcription / Cancer / Dimer / Higher-ordered
Function / homology
Function and homology information


epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland alveolus development / neural fold elevation formation / iris morphogenesis / intestinal epithelial cell maturation / positive regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process / hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway / positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway / elastin metabolic process / regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production / glandular epithelial cell maturation ...epithelial cell differentiation involved in mammary gland alveolus development / neural fold elevation formation / iris morphogenesis / intestinal epithelial cell maturation / positive regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process / hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway / positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway / elastin metabolic process / regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production / glandular epithelial cell maturation / nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex / hemoglobin biosynthetic process / cardiac ventricle morphogenesis / connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing / negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process / negative regulation of growth / positive regulation of hormone biosynthetic process / Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling / aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex / Cellular response to hypoxia / retina vasculature development in camera-type eye / mesenchymal cell apoptotic process / regulation of protein neddylation / negative regulation of bone mineralization / PTK6 Expression / intracellular oxygen homeostasis / collagen metabolic process / B-1 B cell homeostasis / vascular endothelial growth factor production / positive regulation of protein sumoylation / dopaminergic neuron differentiation / Xenobiotics / transcription regulator activator activity / STAT3 nuclear events downstream of ALK signaling / negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway / negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process / lactate metabolic process / Phase I - Functionalization of compounds / positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response / negative regulation of TOR signaling / insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus / positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway / response to iron ion / neural crest cell migration / Regulation of gene expression by Hypoxia-inducible Factor / embryonic hemopoiesis / regulation of glycolytic process / motile cilium / DNA-binding transcription repressor activity / PTK6 promotes HIF1A stabilization / DNA-binding transcription activator activity / muscle cell cellular homeostasis / positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation / digestive tract morphogenesis / axonal transport of mitochondrion / bone mineralization / response to muscle activity / heart looping / E-box binding / intracellular glucose homeostasis / TOR signaling / aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding / outflow tract morphogenesis / positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production / positive regulation of macroautophagy / positive regulation of epithelial cell migration / cellular response to interleukin-1 / epithelial to mesenchymal transition / neuroblast proliferation / positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration / chondrocyte differentiation / Endogenous sterols / embryonic placenta development / positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus / cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding / positive regulation of chemokine production / lactation / positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation / NPAS4 regulates expression of target genes / axon cytoplasm / negative regulation of miRNA transcription / positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation / positive regulation of glycolytic process / response to reactive oxygen species / nuclear receptor binding / transcription corepressor binding / RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding / Hsp90 protein binding / PPARA activates gene expression / euchromatin / transcription coactivator binding / cerebral cortex development / visual learning / Oxygen-dependent proline hydroxylation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor Alpha / cellular response to virus / NOTCH1 Intracellular Domain Regulates Transcription / positive regulation of miRNA transcription / negative regulation of inflammatory response / RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex / histone deacetylase binding
Similarity search - Function
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha / HIF-1 alpha, transactivation domain, C-terminal / HIF-1 alpha C terminal transactivation domain / : / Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha bHLH domain / Hypoxia-inducible factor, alpha subunit-like / Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 / Nuclear translocator / PAS fold-3 / PAS fold ...Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha / HIF-1 alpha, transactivation domain, C-terminal / HIF-1 alpha C terminal transactivation domain / : / Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha bHLH domain / Hypoxia-inducible factor, alpha subunit-like / Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 / Nuclear translocator / PAS fold-3 / PAS fold / Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domain / PAC motif / Motif C-terminal to PAS motifs (likely to contribute to PAS structural domain) / PAS domain / helix loop helix domain / Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain / Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain profile. / Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domain superfamily / PAS fold / PAS fold / PAS domain / PAS repeat profile. / PAS domain / PAS domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
: / DNA / DNA (> 10) / Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator / Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.9 Å
AuthorsClosson, J.D. / Tiyani, T.T. / Xu, X. / Gardner, K.H.
Funding support United States, 3items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI)U54 CA132378 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI)U54 C137788 United States
The G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers FoundationMF-2112-02288 United States
CitationJournal: bioRxiv / Year: 2025
Title: CONTEXT-DEPENDENT VARIABILITY OF HIF HETERODIMERS INFLUENCES INTERACTIONS WITH MACROMOLECULAR AND SMALL MOLECULE PARTNERS.
Authors: Joseph D Closson / Xingjian Xu / Meiling Zhang / Tarsisius T Tiyani / Leandro Pimentel Marcelino / Eta A Isiorho / Jason S Nagati / Joseph A Garcia / Kevin H Gardner /
Abstract: Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that coordinate cellular responses to low oxygen levels, functioning as an α/β heterodimer which binds a short hypoxia response element ...Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that coordinate cellular responses to low oxygen levels, functioning as an α/β heterodimer which binds a short hypoxia response element (HRE) DNA sequence. Prior studies suggest HIF/HRE complexes are augmented by the binding of additional factors nearby, but those interactions are not well understood. Here, we integrated structural and biochemical approaches to investigate several functionally relevant HIF assemblies with other protein, small molecule, and DNA partners. First, we used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to establish HIF-1 and HIF-2 form novel "dimer-of-heterodimers" (DoHD) complexes on extended human EPO enhancer sequences, showing that one heterodimer bound at a canonical HRE site with the second binding in an inverted fashion to an HRE-adjacent sequence (HAS) 8 bp away. Consistent with ARNT PAS-B domains predominating interactions within a DoHD, we found HIF-1 and HIF-2 assemble mixed DoHD complexes on the same DNA. Second, we saw substantial variability among ligands for isolated ARNT or HIF-2α PAS-B domains to bind larger complexes: for example, the ARNT PAS-B binding KG-548 and KG-279 ligands both bound the simpler HIF-2 heterodimer but exhibited differential binding to a HIF-2 DoHD. Finally, we combined cryo-EM and hydrogen-deuterium exchange by mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to show how HIF-1 and HIF-2 heterodimers engage the transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 3 (TACC3) coactivator via both ARNT and HIF-α subunits, though this was unseen in the larger DoHD. Our findings highlight the importance of both molecular context and dynamics in biomolecular complex formation, adding to the complexities of potential regulation.
History
DepositionApr 30, 2025Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Jun 11, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
E: 52-nt Hypoxia Response Element (Forward)
F: 52-nt Hypoxia Response Element (Reverse)
C: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
D: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator
A: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
B: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)204,0976
Polymers204,0976
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: DNA chain 52-nt Hypoxia Response Element (Forward)


Mass: 15821.092 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Homo sapiens (human) / References: GenBank: 405188
#2: DNA chain 52-nt Hypoxia Response Element (Reverse)


Mass: 16226.375 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Homo sapiens (human) / References: GenBank: 405188
#3: Protein Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha / HIF-1-alpha / HIF1-alpha / ARNT-interacting protein / Basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS protein MOP1 / ...HIF-1-alpha / HIF1-alpha / ARNT-interacting protein / Basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS protein MOP1 / Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 78 / bHLHe78 / Member of PAS protein 1 / PAS domain-containing protein 8


Mass: 42962.926 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Details: N-terminal 14 residues (MGSSHHHHHHSQDP) are vector-derived
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: HIF1A, BHLHE78, MOP1, PASD8 / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: Q16665
#4: Protein Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator / ARNT protein / Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 2 / bHLHe2 / Dioxin receptor / nuclear ...ARNT protein / Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 2 / bHLHe2 / Dioxin receptor / nuclear translocator / Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-beta / HIF-1-beta / HIF1-beta


Mass: 43061.820 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: ARNT, BHLHE2 / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P27540
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Dimer of two HIF-1a-ARNT heterodimers complexed on 52-bp HRE
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.205 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Strain: BL21 (DE3)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4 / Details: 50mM HEPES, 150mM NaCl, 5mM MgCl2
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
150 mM2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acidC8H18N2O4S1
2150 mMSodium ChlorideNaCl1
35 mMMagnesium ChlorideMgCl21
SpecimenConc.: 1.2 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid material: GOLD / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK II / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277.15 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 4000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 300 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm
Image recordingElectron dose: 58.19 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 2 / Num. of real images: 4098

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1Warp1.0.9particle selection
2Leginon3.7image acquisition
4Warp1.0.9CTF correction
7UCSF ChimeraX1.9model fitting
11cryoSPARC4.7.0classification
12cryoSPARC4.7.03D reconstruction
13PHENIX1.20.1_4487:model refinement
14Coot0.9.6.1.1model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 262568
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.9 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 71802 / Algorithm: FOURIER SPACE / Num. of class averages: 1 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingSource name: AlphaFold / Type: in silico model
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00610398
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.63314308
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d21.8211812
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0391598
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0051577

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