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- PDB-9imk: SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex has a dimer architec... -

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Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9imk
TitleSARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex has a dimer architecture (dRTC) in post-capping state
Components
  • (Non-structural protein ...) x 2
  • Helicase nsp13
  • RNA (40-MER)
  • RNA (59-MER)
  • RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsp12
  • Viral protein genome-linked nsp9
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN/RNA / SARS-CoV-2 / Replication-Transcription Complex / unwinding / RNA capping / cryo-EM / VIRAL PROTEIN-RNA complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


viral genome replication / methyltransferase activity / protein guanylyltransferase activity / RNA endonuclease activity producing 3'-phosphomonoesters, hydrolytic mechanism / mRNA guanylyltransferase activity / 5'-3' RNA helicase activity / Lyases; Phosphorus-oxygen lyases / Assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex (RTC) / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity / Maturation of replicase proteins ...viral genome replication / methyltransferase activity / protein guanylyltransferase activity / RNA endonuclease activity producing 3'-phosphomonoesters, hydrolytic mechanism / mRNA guanylyltransferase activity / 5'-3' RNA helicase activity / Lyases; Phosphorus-oxygen lyases / Assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex (RTC) / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity / Maturation of replicase proteins / TRAF3-dependent IRF activation pathway / ISG15-specific peptidase activity / Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs / snRNP Assembly / Translation of Replicase and Assembly of the Replication Transcription Complex / Replication of the SARS-CoV-2 genome / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters / host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment / double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane / SARS coronavirus main proteinase / 5'-3' DNA helicase activity / 3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity / endonuclease activity / host cell endosome / symbiont-mediated degradation of host mRNA / mRNA guanylyltransferase / symbiont-mediated suppression of host ISG15-protein conjugation / G-quadruplex RNA binding / symbiont-mediated suppression of host toll-like receptor signaling pathway / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF3 activity / methylation / omega peptidase activity / SARS-CoV-2 modulates host translation machinery / mRNA (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase / methyltransferase cap1 / host cell Golgi apparatus / symbiont-mediated suppression of host NF-kappaB cascade / symbiont-mediated perturbation of host ubiquitin-like protein modification / DNA helicase / methyltransferase cap1 activity / ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1 / cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity / mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases / single-stranded RNA binding / regulation of autophagy / viral protein processing / host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm / lyase activity / host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane / RNA helicase / symbiont-mediated suppression of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway / symbiont-mediated suppression of host gene expression / copper ion binding / viral translational frameshifting / symbiont-mediated activation of host autophagy / RNA-directed RNA polymerase / cysteine-type endopeptidase activity / viral RNA genome replication / RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / DNA-templated transcription / lipid binding / host cell nucleus / SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses / ATP hydrolysis activity / proteolysis / RNA binding / zinc ion binding / ATP binding / membrane
Similarity search - Function
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SARS-CoV-like / Nonstructural protein 14, betacoronavirus / NSP15, NendoU domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, N-terminal domain, alpha/beta-coronavirus / NSP14, guanine-N7-methyltransferase domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) guanine-N7-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp15 N-terminal oligomerization domain profile. / NSP12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, coronavirus / : ...RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SARS-CoV-like / Nonstructural protein 14, betacoronavirus / NSP15, NendoU domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, N-terminal domain, alpha/beta-coronavirus / NSP14, guanine-N7-methyltransferase domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) guanine-N7-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp15 N-terminal oligomerization domain profile. / NSP12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, coronavirus / : / Coronavirus Nsp12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain profile. / Coronavirus Nsp12 Interface domain profile. / : / : / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, 1B domain / Coronavirus Non-structural protein 13, zinc-binding domain / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, stalk domain / Nidovirus 2-O-methyltransferase / Nidovirus 2'-O-methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP15, N-terminal domain superfamily, coronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP15, middle domain superfamily / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, N-terminal oligomerization / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 13, 1B domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, middle domain / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, N-terminal oligomerisation / Nidovirus 3'-5' exoribonuclease domain / Nidovirus 3'-5' exoribonuclease (ExoN) domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP16, coronavirus-like / Non-structural protein 14, coronavirus / RNA polymerase, N-terminal, coronavirus / Coronavirus 2'-O-methyltransferase / Coronavirus proofreading exoribonuclease / Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, N-terminal / Nonstructural protein 13, zinc-binding domain, coronavirus-like / Coronaviridae zinc-binding (CV ZBD) domain profile. / Arterivirus Nsp11 N-terminal/Coronavirus NSP15 middle domain / Arterivirus Nsp11 N-terminal/coronavirus NSP15 middle (AV-Nsp11N/CoV-Nsp15M) domain profile. / Nidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) domain profile. / Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain / Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain profile. / Endoribonuclease EndoU-like / NendoU domain, nidovirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, uridylate-specific endoribonuclease / : / Lipocalin signature. / DNA2/NAM7 helicase-like, C-terminal / AAA domain / (+) RNA virus helicase core domain / (+)RNA virus helicase core domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-N (Mac2) domain, betacoronavirus / Sarbecovirus Nsp3c-N domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP3, N-terminal, betacoronavirus / Polyprotein cleavage domain PL2pro superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-N (Mac2) domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus SUD-C domain / Betacoronavirus replicase NSP3, N-terminal / NSP1 globular domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein 2, SARS-CoV-like / Betacoronavirus Nsp3c-M domain profile. / NSP1, globular domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-M domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-M domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus replicase NSP1 / Betacoronavirus single-stranded poly(A) binding domain / NSP1, C-terminal domain, betacoronavirus / : / Betacoronavirus (BetaCoV) Nsp1 C-terminal domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3e group 2-specific marker (G2M) domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3c-C domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3e nucleic acid-binding (NAB) domain profile. / DPUP/SUD, C-terminal, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, nucleic acid-binding domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3A domain-like superfamily / Non-structural protein NSP3, nucleic acid-binding domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein 6, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus nucleic acid-binding (NAB) / Papain-like viral protease, palm and finger domains, coronavirus / Papain-like protease, N-terminal domain superfamily, coronavirus / Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase subdomain signature 2. / Coronavirus replicase NSP2, N-terminal / : / Coronavirus replicase NSP2, C-terminal / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 middle domain profile. / NSP1, globular domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp1 globular domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 N-terminal domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 C-terminal domain profile. / Nonstructural protein 2, N-terminal domain, coronavirus / Non-structural protein 2, C-terminal domain, coronavirus / NSP3, second ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus Nsp3a Ubl domain profile. / Coronavirus Nsp3d Ubl domain profile. / NSP3, first ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain, coronavirus / Peptidase family C16 domain profile. / : / : / Coronavirus replicase NSP7 / Coronavirus 3Ecto domain profile. / Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) Nsp7 cofactor domain profile.
Similarity search - Domain/homology
RNA / RNA (> 10) / Replicase polyprotein 1a / Replicase polyprotein 1ab
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 4.01 Å
AuthorsYan, L.M. / Rao, Z.H. / Lou, Z.Y.
Funding support China, 4items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST, China)2024YFC2607304 China
Major Project of Guangzhou National LaboratoryGZNL2023A01008 China
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)82341073 China
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)32371258 China
CitationJournal: Cell / Year: 2025
Title: Structural basis for the concurrence of template recycling and RNA capping in SARS-CoV-2.
Authors: Liming Yan / Yucen Huang / Yixiao Liu / Ji Ge / Shan Gao / Liping Tan / Lu Liu / Zhenyu Liu / Sihan Ye / Junbo Wang / Jiangran Xiong / Yu Zhou / Hesheng Zhao / Xiaoyue Zhao / Luke W Guddat / ...Authors: Liming Yan / Yucen Huang / Yixiao Liu / Ji Ge / Shan Gao / Liping Tan / Lu Liu / Zhenyu Liu / Sihan Ye / Junbo Wang / Jiangran Xiong / Yu Zhou / Hesheng Zhao / Xiaoyue Zhao / Luke W Guddat / Yan Gao / Lan Zhu / Zihe Rao / Zhiyong Lou /
Abstract: In the SARS-CoV-2 replication-transcription complex (RTC), the nascent template-product duplex is unwound into a template strand for recycling and a product strand that needs to be capped. Here, we ...In the SARS-CoV-2 replication-transcription complex (RTC), the nascent template-product duplex is unwound into a template strand for recycling and a product strand that needs to be capped. Here, we determined structures of the SARS-CoV-2 RTC in the pre- and post-capping initiation (CI) states. In the pre-CI state, the RTC has a dimer-of-dimeric architecture (ddRTC). The upstream RNA duplex in one RTC is reciprocally unwound by a helicase in a head-to-head-positioned RTC in the 3'-5' direction. The helicases bind either ADP or ADP⋅P in their ATP-binding pockets, suggesting a mechanism for ATP-hydrolysis-driven unwinding. In the post-CI state, the binding of nsp9 to the nsp12 nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyltransferase (NiRAN) disrupts the ddRTC. The N terminus of nsp9 and the triphosphorylated 5' end of the product strand co-localize in NiRAN's catalytic site, exhibiting the state prior to nsp9 RNAylation for capping. These results provide an insight into the concurrence of template recycling and RNA capping in the SARS-CoV-2 RTC.
History
DepositionJul 3, 2024Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBC
Revision 1.0Aug 20, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Aug 20, 2025Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.1Nov 12, 2025Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
Item: _citation.journal_abbrev / _citation.journal_id_CSD ..._citation.journal_abbrev / _citation.journal_id_CSD / _citation.journal_id_ISSN / _citation.pdbx_database_id_DOI / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation.year / _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsp12
B: Non-structural protein 8
C: Non-structural protein 7
D: Non-structural protein 8
E: Helicase nsp13
F: Helicase nsp13
G: Viral protein genome-linked nsp9
P: RNA (40-MER)
R: RNA (59-MER)
H: RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsp12
I: Non-structural protein 8
J: Non-structural protein 7
K: Non-structural protein 8
L: Helicase nsp13
M: Helicase nsp13
N: Viral protein genome-linked nsp9
O: RNA (40-MER)
Q: RNA (59-MER)
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)676,86634
Polymers675,82018
Non-polymers1,04716
Water543
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

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Protein , 3 types, 8 molecules AHEFLMGN

#1: Protein RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsp12 / Pol / RdRp / Non-structural protein 12 / nsp12


Mass: 106780.977 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)
References: UniProt: P0DTD1, RNA-directed RNA polymerase, mRNA guanylyltransferase
#4: Protein
Helicase nsp13 / Hel / Non-structural protein 13 / nsp13


Mass: 66930.531 Da / Num. of mol.: 4
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0DTD1, DNA helicase, RNA helicase
#5: Protein Viral protein genome-linked nsp9 / Non-structural protein 9 / nsp9 / RNA-capping enzyme subunit nsp9


Mass: 12391.171 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0DTD1

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Non-structural protein ... , 2 types, 6 molecules BDIKCJ

#2: Protein
Non-structural protein 8 / nsp8


Mass: 21903.047 Da / Num. of mol.: 4
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0DTD1
#3: Protein Non-structural protein 7 / nsp7


Mass: 9248.804 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0DTC1

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RNA chain , 2 types, 4 molecules PORQ

#6: RNA chain RNA (40-MER)


Mass: 12875.608 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically
Source: (synth.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
#7: RNA chain RNA (59-MER)


Mass: 18946.238 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically
Source: (synth.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

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Non-polymers , 2 types, 19 molecules

#8: Chemical
ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 16 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#9: Water ChemComp-HOH / water


Mass: 18.015 Da / Num. of mol.: 3 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Formula: H2O

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Details

Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: post capping initiation RTC / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#7 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.6 MDa / Experimental value: YES
Source (natural)Organism: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)
Buffer solutionpH: 7
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 60 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K2 QUANTUM (4k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 4.01 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 753559 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementHighest resolution: 4.01 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.0146316
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.81163742
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d10.1517762
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0447434
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0057532

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