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- PDB-9hvo: Structure of the transcribing Pol II-RECQL5 complex -

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Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9hvo
TitleStructure of the transcribing Pol II-RECQL5 complex
Components
  • (DNA-directed RNA polymerase ...) x 7
  • (DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit ...) x 3
  • (RNA polymerase ...) x 2
  • ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q5
  • Nontemplate DNA
  • RNA
  • Template DNA
KeywordsTRANSCRIPTION / transcription elongation / DNA helicase / transcription-coupled repair / RNA polymerase II
Function / homology
Function and homology information


mitotic DNA-templated DNA replication / chromosome separation / cellular response to camptothecin / replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchange / Formation of RNA Pol II elongation complex / Formation of the Early Elongation Complex / Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs / RNA Polymerase II Pre-transcription Events / TP53 Regulates Transcription of DNA Repair Genes / FGFR2 alternative splicing ...mitotic DNA-templated DNA replication / chromosome separation / cellular response to camptothecin / replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchange / Formation of RNA Pol II elongation complex / Formation of the Early Elongation Complex / Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs / RNA Polymerase II Pre-transcription Events / TP53 Regulates Transcription of DNA Repair Genes / FGFR2 alternative splicing / RNA polymerase II transcribes snRNA genes / mRNA Capping / mRNA Splicing - Minor Pathway / Processing of Capped Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA / RNA Polymerase II Promoter Escape / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Pre-Initiation And Promoter Opening / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Elongation / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation And Promoter Clearance / RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE / Estrogen-dependent gene expression / Formation of TC-NER Pre-Incision Complex / Dual incision in TC-NER / Gap-filling DNA repair synthesis and ligation in TC-NER / mRNA Splicing - Major Pathway / nuclear lumen / transcription preinitiation complex / DNA 3'-5' helicase / DNA metabolic process / 3'-5' DNA helicase activity / RNA polymerase II complex binding / negative regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / transcription by RNA polymerase III / negative regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination / transcription by RNA polymerase I / RNA polymerase I complex / transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I / RNA polymerase III complex / transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair / RNA polymerase II, core complex / tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III / DNA helicase activity / DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex / isomerase activity / replication fork / transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter / DNA-templated transcription initiation / helicase activity / DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / double-strand break repair via homologous recombination / : / ribonucleoside binding / fibrillar center / DNA-directed RNA polymerase / cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus / mitotic cell cycle / chromosome / single-stranded 3'-5' DNA helicase activity / double-stranded DNA helicase activity / forked DNA-dependent helicase activity / four-way junction helicase activity / nucleic acid binding / transcription by RNA polymerase II / DNA replication / protein dimerization activity / cell division / DNA repair / nucleotide binding / DNA-templated transcription / nucleolus / ATP hydrolysis activity / mitochondrion / DNA binding / zinc ion binding / nucleoplasm / ATP binding / metal ion binding / identical protein binding / nucleus / cytosol / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
RecQ helicase-like 5 / RecQ helicase protein-like 5 (RecQ5) / Set2 Rpb1 interacting domain / SRI (Set2 Rpb1 interacting) domain / ATP-dependent DNA helicase RecQ, zinc-binding domain / RecQ zinc-binding / DNA helicase, ATP-dependent, RecQ type / DNA/RNA helicase, ATP-dependent, DEAH-box type, conserved site / DEAH-box subfamily ATP-dependent helicases signature. / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit Rpb4-like ...RecQ helicase-like 5 / RecQ helicase protein-like 5 (RecQ5) / Set2 Rpb1 interacting domain / SRI (Set2 Rpb1 interacting) domain / ATP-dependent DNA helicase RecQ, zinc-binding domain / RecQ zinc-binding / DNA helicase, ATP-dependent, RecQ type / DNA/RNA helicase, ATP-dependent, DEAH-box type, conserved site / DEAH-box subfamily ATP-dependent helicases signature. / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit Rpb4-like / RNA polymerase Rpb1 C-terminal repeat / RNA polymerase II, heptapeptide repeat, eukaryotic / Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II heptapeptide repeat. / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 6 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 6 / RNA polymerase Rpb4/RPC9, core / DNA-directed RNA-polymerase II subunit / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 7 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 7 superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 7 / Pol II subunit B9, C-terminal zinc ribbon / RNA polymerase RBP11 / Rpb4/RPC9 superfamily / RNA polymerase subunit Rpb4/RPC9 / RNA polymerase Rpb4 / Zinc finger TFIIS-type signature. / HRDC-like superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb7-like , N-terminal / RNA polymerase Rpb7-like, N-terminal domain superfamily / RNA polymerase subunit Rpb7-like / SHS2 domain found in N terminus of Rpb7p/Rpc25p/MJ0397 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 5 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 5 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 4 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 4 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, M/15kDa subunit / RNA polymerases M/15 Kd subunit / RNA polymerase subunit 9 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase M, 15kDa subunit, conserved site / RNA polymerases M / 15 Kd subunits signature. / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit/transcription factor S / : / RNA polymerase, Rpb8 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC4 / RNA polymerase Rpb8 / RNA polymerase subunit 8 / RNA polymerase, Rpb5, N-terminal / RNA polymerase Rpb5, N-terminal domain superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb5, N-terminal domain / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit RPB6 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit RPABC5/Rpb10 / RNA polymerases, subunit N, zinc binding site / RNA polymerase subunit RPB10 / RNA polymerases N / 8 kDa subunit / RNA polymerases N / 8 Kd subunits signature. / DNA directed RNA polymerase, 7 kDa subunit / RNA polymerase archaeal subunit P/eukaryotic subunit RPABC4 / RNA polymerase, subunit H/Rpb5, conserved site / RNA polymerases H / 23 Kd subunits signature. / RNA polymerase subunit CX / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, 30-40kDa subunit, conserved site / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit Rpo3/Rpb3/RPAC1 / RNA polymerases D / 30 to 40 Kd subunits signature. / DNA-directed RNA polymerase Rpb11, 13-16kDa subunit, conserved site / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit Rpo11 / RNA polymerases L / 13 to 16 Kd subunits signature. / RNA polymerase subunit RPABC4/transcription elongation factor Spt4 / Zinc finger, TFIIS-type / Transcription factor S-II (TFIIS) / Zinc finger TFIIS-type profile. / C2C2 Zinc finger / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, RBP11-like dimerisation domain / RNA polymerase Rpb3/Rpb11 dimerisation domain / RNA polymerase, subunit H/Rpb5 C-terminal / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit Rpo5/Rpb5 / RPB5-like RNA polymerase subunit superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb5, C-terminal domain / Archaeal Rpo6/eukaryotic RPB6 RNA polymerase subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, 14-18kDa subunit, conserved site / RNA polymerases K / 14 to 18 Kd subunits signature. / Ribosomal protein S1-like RNA-binding domain / S1 RNA binding domain / S1 domain / DEAD/DEAH box helicase domain / DEAD/DEAH box helicase / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit beta-prime / RNA polymerase Rpb6 / RNA polymerase, subunit omega/Rpo6/RPB6 / RNA polymerase Rpb6 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 2 superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3 superfamily / RPB6/omega subunit-like superfamily / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, insert domain / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, RpoA/D/Rpb3-type / RNA polymerase Rpb3/RpoA insert domain / RNA polymerase Rpb3/Rpb11 dimerisation domain / RNA polymerases D / RNA polymerase Rpb1, clamp domain superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3
Similarity search - Domain/homology
DNA / DNA (> 10) / RNA / RNA (> 10) / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC4 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit / RNA polymerase II subunit D / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5 ...DNA / DNA (> 10) / RNA / RNA (> 10) / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC4 / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit / RNA polymerase II subunit D / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB11-a / DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit E / ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q5 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB9
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig)
synthetic construct (others)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.8 Å
AuthorsZhang, L. / Zhang, S.
Funding support United Kingdom, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Medical Research Council (MRC, United Kingdom)MC_UP_1201/30 United Kingdom
CitationJournal: Nat Struct Mol Biol / Year: 2025
Title: Structural basis of RECQL5-induced RNA polymerase II transcription braking and subsequent reactivation.
Authors: Luojia Zhang / Yuliya Gordiyenko / Tomos Morgan / Catarina Franco / Ana Tufegdžić Vidaković / Suyang Zhang /
Abstract: Abnormally fast transcription elongation can lead to detrimental consequences such as transcription-replication collisions, altered alternative splicing patterns and genome instability. Therefore, ...Abnormally fast transcription elongation can lead to detrimental consequences such as transcription-replication collisions, altered alternative splicing patterns and genome instability. Therefore, elongating RNA polymerase II (Pol II) requires mechanisms to slow its progression, yet the molecular basis of transcription braking remains unclear. RECQL5 is a DNA helicase that functions as a general elongation factor by slowing down Pol II. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of human RECQL5 bound to multiple transcription elongation complexes. Combined with biochemical analysis, we identify an α-helix of RECQL5 responsible for binding Pol II and slowdown of transcription elongation. We further reveal that the transcription-coupled DNA repair (TCR) complex allows Pol II to overcome RECQL5-induced transcription braking through concerted actions of its translocase activity and competition with RECQL5 for engaging Pol II. Additionally, RECQL5 inhibits TCR-mediated Pol II ubiquitination to prevent activation of the DNA repair pathway. Our results suggest a model in which RECQL5 and the TCR complex coordinately regulate transcription elongation rates to ensure transcription efficiency while maintaining genome stability.
History
DepositionDec 31, 2024Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Jul 16, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit
B: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta
C: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3
D: RNA polymerase II subunit D
E: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit E
F: DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2
G: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit
H: DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3
I: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB9
J: DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5
K: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB11-a
L: RNA polymerase II, I and III subunit K
N: Nontemplate DNA
P: RNA
T: Template DNA
O: ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q5
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)661,41625
Polymers660,86816
Non-polymers5489
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, stable by gel filtration and pulldown
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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DNA-directed RNA polymerase ... , 7 types, 7 molecules ABCEGIK

#1: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit


Mass: 217450.078 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig)
References: UniProt: A0A8D1DPV6, DNA-directed RNA polymerase
#2: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta


Mass: 134041.422 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig)
References: UniProt: A0A0B8RVL1, DNA-directed RNA polymerase
#3: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB3 / RNA polymerase II subunit C


Mass: 31439.074 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig) / References: UniProt: I3LCH3
#5: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit E / RPB5 homolog


Mass: 24644.318 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig) / References: UniProt: I3LSI7
#7: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit


Mass: 19314.283 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig) / References: UniProt: A0A4X1VKG7
#9: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB9 / RNA polymerase II subunit B9 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit I / RNA polymerase II 14.5 ...RNA polymerase II subunit B9 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit I / RNA polymerase II 14.5 kDa subunit / RPB14.5


Mass: 14541.221 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig) / References: UniProt: P60899
#11: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB11-a


Mass: 13310.284 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig) / References: UniProt: F1RKE4

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RNA polymerase ... , 2 types, 2 molecules DL

#4: Protein RNA polymerase II subunit D


Mass: 16331.255 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig) / References: UniProt: A0A4X1VM56
#12: Protein RNA polymerase II, I and III subunit K


Mass: 7018.244 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig) / References: UniProt: A0A4X1TRS6

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DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit ... , 3 types, 3 molecules FHJ

#6: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit F / RPB6 homolog


Mass: 14477.001 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig) / References: UniProt: A0A4X1VEK9
#8: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3


Mass: 17162.273 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig) / References: UniProt: I3LCB2
#10: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5


Mass: 7655.123 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig) / References: UniProt: A0A4X1VYD0

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DNA chain , 2 types, 2 molecules NT

#13: DNA chain Nontemplate DNA


Mass: 14932.533 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) synthetic construct (others)
#15: DNA chain Template DNA


Mass: 14672.335 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) synthetic construct (others)

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RNA chain / Protein , 2 types, 2 molecules PO

#14: RNA chain RNA


Mass: 4853.993 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) synthetic construct (others)
#16: Protein ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q5 / DNA 3'-5' helicase RecQ5 / DNA helicase / RecQ-like type 5 / RecQ5 / RecQ protein-like 5


Mass: 109024.859 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: RECQL5, RECQ5 / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) / References: UniProt: O94762, DNA 3'-5' helicase

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Non-polymers , 2 types, 9 molecules

#17: Chemical
ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 8 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn
#18: Chemical ChemComp-MG / MAGNESIUM ION


Mass: 24.305 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Mg

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Details

Has ligand of interestN
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: EC-RECQL5 complex / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#13, #16, #14-#15 / Source: NATURAL
Source (natural)Organism: Sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
Details: 20 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 3 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT
SpecimenConc.: 0.2 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid type: Quantifoil R3.5/1
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 %

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 96000 X / Nominal defocus max: 2000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 500 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / C2 aperture diameter: 50 µm
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER
Image recordingElectron dose: 42.7 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 / Num. of real images: 8602

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Version: 1.21.2_5419: / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.8 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 66771 / Symmetry type: POINT
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00434714
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.47747253
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d13.9215335
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0425274
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0045837

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