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- PDB-8wry: Cryo-EM Structure of Mouse TLR4/MD-2/DLAM3 Complex -

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Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 8wry
TitleCryo-EM Structure of Mouse TLR4/MD-2/DLAM3 Complex
Components
  • Lymphocyte antigen 96
  • Toll-like receptor 4
KeywordsIMMUNE SYSTEM / Innate immune system / Toll-like receptors / TLR4 agonist / Vaccine adjuvants / Disaccharide-based Lipid A Mimetics
Function / homology
Function and homology information


MyD88-independent TLR4 cascade / Caspase activation via Death Receptors in the presence of ligand / Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade / Heme signaling / nitric oxide production involved in inflammatory response / Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand / MHC class II biosynthetic process / TRIF-mediated programmed cell death / positive regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus / TRAF6-mediated induction of TAK1 complex within TLR4 complex ...MyD88-independent TLR4 cascade / Caspase activation via Death Receptors in the presence of ligand / Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade / Heme signaling / nitric oxide production involved in inflammatory response / Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand / MHC class II biosynthetic process / TRIF-mediated programmed cell death / positive regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus / TRAF6-mediated induction of TAK1 complex within TLR4 complex / IRAK2 mediated activation of TAK1 complex upon TLR7/8 or 9 stimulation / Regulation of TBK1, IKKε (IKBKE)-mediated activation of IRF3, IRF7 / Activation of IRF3, IRF7 mediated by TBK1, IKKε (IKBKE) / lipopolysaccharide immune receptor activity / positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway / positive regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion / IKK complex recruitment mediated by RIP1 / Toll-like receptor 4 binding / mast cell activation / lipopolysaccharide receptor complex / detection of lipopolysaccharide / positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation / regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production / negative regulation of interleukin-23 production / cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus / lymphocyte proliferation / wound healing involved in inflammatory response / B cell proliferation involved in immune response / nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway / positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway / activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity / positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade / intestinal epithelial structure maintenance / positive regulation of interleukin-13 production / positive regulation of interleukin-1 production / macrophage activation / astrocyte development / TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway / microglia differentiation / NAD+ nucleosidase activity, cyclic ADP-ribose generating / nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway / positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process / positive regulation of macrophage activation / positive regulation of platelet activation / negative regulation of interleukin-17 production / positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway / positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response / positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production / positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway / negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis / positive regulation of macrophage cytokine production / MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration / toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway / toll-like receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly / positive regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process / cellular response to lipoteichoic acid / negative regulation of interleukin-6 production / negative regulation of type II interferon production / B cell proliferation / positive regulation of interferon-alpha production / positive regulation of interleukin-10 production / negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production / phagocytosis / phagocytic cup / stress-activated MAPK cascade / positive regulation of chemokine production / JNK cascade / cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus / ruffle / positive regulation of B cell proliferation / neurogenesis / ERK1 and ERK2 cascade / nitric oxide biosynthetic process / positive regulation of interleukin-12 production / positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation / activation of innate immune response / positive regulation of interferon-beta production / lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway / positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production / positive regulation of interleukin-8 production / response to bacterium / positive regulation of JNK cascade / lipopolysaccharide binding / cellular response to mechanical stimulus / positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction / positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity / negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade / cellular response to type II interferon / positive regulation of interleukin-6 production / positive regulation of type II interferon production / cellular response to amyloid-beta / positive regulation of inflammatory response / positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process / positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production / transmembrane signaling receptor activity / cellular response to lipopolysaccharide / regulation of inflammatory response / response to lipopolysaccharide
Similarity search - Function
Lymphocyte antigen 96 / MD-2-related lipid-recognition domain / Domain involved in innate immunity and lipid metabolism. / Toll-like receptor / TIR domain / Cysteine-rich flanking region, C-terminal / Leucine rich repeat C-terminal domain / Toll - interleukin 1 - resistance / TIR domain profile. / Toll/interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR) domain ...Lymphocyte antigen 96 / MD-2-related lipid-recognition domain / Domain involved in innate immunity and lipid metabolism. / Toll-like receptor / TIR domain / Cysteine-rich flanking region, C-terminal / Leucine rich repeat C-terminal domain / Toll - interleukin 1 - resistance / TIR domain profile. / Toll/interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR) domain / Toll/interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR) domain superfamily / Leucine rich repeat / Leucine-rich repeat, typical subtype / Leucine-rich repeats, typical (most populated) subfamily / Leucine-rich repeat / Leucine-rich repeat domain superfamily / Immunoglobulin E-set
Similarity search - Domain/homology
: / (3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanoic acid / Chem-GP4 / : / Lymphocyte antigen 96 / Toll-like receptor 4
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesMus musculus (house mouse)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.6 Å
AuthorsFu, Y. / Kim, H. / Zamyatina, A. / Kim, H.M.
Funding support Korea, Republic Of, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Other governmentInstitute for Basic Science, IBS Korea, Republic Of
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2025
Title: Structural insight into TLR4/MD-2 activation by synthetic LPS mimetics with distinct binding modes.
Authors: Yaoyao Fu / Hyojin Kim / Dong Sun Lee / Ah-Reum Han / Holger Heine / Alla Zamyatina / Ho Min Kim /
Abstract: The mammalian pattern-recognition receptor TLR4/MD-2 (Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor-2) can be activated by a wide variety of pathogen-associated and endogenous molecules, with ...The mammalian pattern-recognition receptor TLR4/MD-2 (Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor-2) can be activated by a wide variety of pathogen-associated and endogenous molecules, with Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) being the primary natural TLR4 agonist. Activation of TLR4 triggers cellular signaling that enables the beneficial innate immune responses and enhances adaptive immunity, thereby emphasizing the potential of TLR4 agonists for the management of diseases with an immunopathological background and for use as vaccine adjuvants. Given the challenges associated with LPS-derived products, including structural complexity, heterogeneity, toxicity, and species specificity, synthetic molecules targeting TLR4/MD-2 offer a promising alternative. Here, we elucidate the structural basis for the recognition of synthetic LPS-mimicking glycolipids, Disaccharide Lipid A Mimetics (DLAMs), by human and mouse TLR4/MD-2 through cryo-EM structures of six dimeric [TLR4/MD-2/ligand] complexes resolved at 2.2-3.1 Å. We reveal that the specific binding modes of DLAMs, distinct from those of LPS, are essential for the species-independent TLR4 agonistic activity. DLAMs function as a molecular bridge, effectively induce the dimerization of TLR4/MD-2 complexes through specific carbohydrate structure-relevant ligand-protein interactions. Our findings reveal the distinct molecular modes of TLR4 activation, and provide a structural basis for the rationale design and development of innovative, highly potent TLR4-targeting immunotherapeutics and adjuvants.
History
DepositionOct 16, 2023Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBJ
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
C: Lymphocyte antigen 96
D: Lymphocyte antigen 96
B: Toll-like receptor 4
A: Toll-like receptor 4
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)179,72236
Polymers170,1264
Non-polymers9,59632
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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Protein , 2 types, 4 molecules CDBA

#1: Protein Lymphocyte antigen 96


Mass: 16411.711 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Mus musculus (house mouse) / Gene: Ly96 / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) / References: UniProt: Q9JHF9
#2: Protein Toll-like receptor 4


Mass: 68651.281 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Mus musculus (house mouse) / Gene: Tlr4 / Cell line (production host): High Five / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) / References: UniProt: Q9QUK6

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Sugars , 4 types, 26 molecules

#3: Polysaccharide
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 424.401 Da / Num. of mol.: 6
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/1,2,1/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1-1/a4-b1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#6: Sugar
ChemComp-NAG / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-glucose / N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE


Type: D-saccharide, beta linking / Mass: 221.208 Da / Num. of mol.: 16 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C8H15NO6
IdentifierTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcbCONDENSED IUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
N-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosamineCOMMON NAMEGMML 1.0
b-D-GlcpNAcIUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLPDB-CARE 1.0
GlcNAcSNFG CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
#7: Sugar ChemComp-GP4 / 2-amino-2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-alpha-D-glucopyranose / GLUCOSAMINE 4-PHOSPHATE / N-acetyl-4-O-phosphono-alpha-D-glucosamine / 2-amino-2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-alpha-D-glucose / 2-amino-2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-D-glucose / 2-amino-2-deoxy-4-O-phosphono-glucose


Type: D-saccharide, alpha linking / Mass: 259.151 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C6H14NO8P / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
IdentifierTypeProgram
a-D-GlcpN4PO3IUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLPDB-CARE 1.0
#8: Sugar ChemComp-XIQ / 2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxy-3,6-bis(oxidanyl)pyran-4-one


Type: D-saccharide, alpha linking / Mass: 188.135 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C7H8O6 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION

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Non-polymers , 2 types, 6 molecules

#4: Chemical
ChemComp-2IL / (3R)-3-(dodecanoyloxy)tetradecanoic acid


Mass: 426.673 Da / Num. of mol.: 4 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C26H50O4 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#5: Chemical ChemComp-0IL / (3R)-3-(tetradecanoyloxy)tetradecanoic acid


Mass: 454.726 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C28H54O4 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION

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Details

Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: mouse TLR4/MD2/DLAM3 complex / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #2, #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Mus musculus (house mouse)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
Buffer solutionpH: 8
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
120 mMTrisTris1
2200 mMsodium chlorideNaCl1
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportDetails: 10mA / Grid material: COPPER / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 105000 X / Calibrated magnification: 58963 X / Nominal defocus max: 1900 nm / Nominal defocus min: 800 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN
Image recordingElectron dose: 66.2 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 / Num. of real images: 18733

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C2 (2 fold cyclic)
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.6 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 625831 / Num. of class averages: 1 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingSpace: REAL
Atomic model buildingPDB-ID: 3VQ2

3vq2


Accession code: 3VQ2 / Source name: PDB / Type: experimental model
RefinementHighest resolution: 2.6 Å

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