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- PDB-28vy: sCMGE assembled on ARS1 DNA with Sld2 and RPA -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 28vy
TitlesCMGE assembled on ARS1 DNA with Sld2 and RPA
Components
  • (DNA polymerase epsilon ...) x 2
  • (DNA replication complex GINS protein ...) x 4
  • (DNA replication licensing factor ...) x 5
  • Cell division control protein 45
  • DNA (5'-D(P*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*T)-3')
  • Minichromosome maintenance protein 5
KeywordsREPLICATION / Macromolecular complex / DNA / ATPase / Helicase MCM2-7
Function / homology
Function and homology information


gene conversion / DNA-templated DNA replication maintenance of fidelity / Unwinding of DNA / DNA replication initiation / epsilon DNA polymerase complex / DNA strand elongation involved in mitotic DNA replication / MCM core complex / Assembly of the pre-replicative complex / Switching of origins to a post-replicative state / GINS complex ...gene conversion / DNA-templated DNA replication maintenance of fidelity / Unwinding of DNA / DNA replication initiation / epsilon DNA polymerase complex / DNA strand elongation involved in mitotic DNA replication / MCM core complex / Assembly of the pre-replicative complex / Switching of origins to a post-replicative state / GINS complex / MCM complex binding / mitotic DNA replication preinitiation complex assembly / nuclear DNA replication / premeiotic DNA replication / pre-replicative complex assembly involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication / nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling / SUMO binding / Activation of the pre-replicative complex / mitotic DNA replication / nuclear pre-replicative complex / CMG complex / DNA replication proofreading / : / DNA replication preinitiation complex / single-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity / Activation of ATR in response to replication stress / mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling / double-strand break repair via break-induced replication / MCM complex / mitotic DNA replication initiation / mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling / silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin formation / single-stranded DNA helicase activity / regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation / mitotic sister chromatid cohesion / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters / DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication / leading strand elongation / nuclear replication fork / DNA replication origin binding / Dual incision in TC-NER / error-prone translesion synthesis / DNA replication initiation / subtelomeric heterochromatin formation / base-excision repair, gap-filling / replication fork / DNA helicase activity / helicase activity / transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / base-excision repair / DNA-templated DNA replication / double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining / peroxisome / double-strand break repair / mitotic cell cycle / heterochromatin formation / single-stranded DNA binding / 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding / double-stranded DNA binding / DNA-directed DNA polymerase / DNA helicase / DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity / DNA replication / chromosome, telomeric region / nucleotide binding / mRNA binding / chromatin binding / DNA damage response / ATP hydrolysis activity / DNA binding / zinc ion binding / nucleoplasm / ATP binding / nucleus / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
DNA polymerase epsilon, subunit B / : / : / DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A, thumb domain / Zinc finger domain of DNA polymerase-epsilon / Zinc finger domain of DNA polymerase-epsilon / DNA polymerase epsilon, catalytic subunit A, C-terminal / DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit / Domain of unknown function (DUF1744) / DUF1744 ...DNA polymerase epsilon, subunit B / : / : / DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A, thumb domain / Zinc finger domain of DNA polymerase-epsilon / Zinc finger domain of DNA polymerase-epsilon / DNA polymerase epsilon, catalytic subunit A, C-terminal / DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit / Domain of unknown function (DUF1744) / DUF1744 / : / PSF2 N-terminal domain / : / : / PSF3 N-terminal domain / PSF1 C-terminal domain / DNA replication complex GINS protein Psf2 / CDC45 family / CDC45 / GINS complex, subunit Psf3 / DNA replication complex GINS protein SLD5, C-terminal / GINS complex, subunit Psf3 superfamily / GINS complex protein Sld5, alpha-helical domain / DNA replication complex GINS protein SLD5 C-terminus / GINS complex subunit Sld5 / GINS subunit, domain A / GINS complex protein helical bundle domain / GINS complex, subunit Psf1 / : / MCM3 winged helix domain / GINS, helical bundle-like domain superfamily / DNA polymerase alpha/delta/epsilon, subunit B / DNA polymerase alpha/epsilon subunit B / : / MCM5, C-terminal domain / DNA replication licensing factor MCM7, winged helix / DNA replication licensing factor Mcm5 / MCM4, winged helix domain / DNA replication licensing factor Mcm3 / Mini-chromosome maintenance complex protein 4 / : / MCM3-like, winged helix domain / DNA replication licensing factor Mcm6 / DNA replication licensing factor Mcm7 / Mcm6, C-terminal winged-helix domain / MCM6 C-terminal winged-helix domain / DNA replication licensing factor Mcm2 / Mini-chromosome maintenance protein 2 / Mini-chromosome maintenance, conserved site / MCM family signature. / MCM N-terminal domain / MCM N-terminal domain / MCM OB domain / MCM OB domain / Mini-chromosome maintenance protein / MCM, AAA-lid domain / MCM P-loop domain / MCM AAA-lid domain / MCM family C-terminal AAA(+) ATPase domain (MCM-CTD) profile. / minichromosome maintenance proteins / MCM domain / DNA polymerase family B, thumb domain / DNA polymerase family B, exonuclease domain / DNA-directed DNA polymerase, family B, exonuclease domain / DNA polymerase, palm domain superfamily / DNA polymerase type-B family / DNA-directed DNA polymerase, family B / Ribonuclease H superfamily / Ribonuclease H-like superfamily / Winged helix-like DNA-binding domain superfamily / Nucleic acid-binding, OB-fold / ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities / AAA+ ATPase domain / DNA/RNA polymerase superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / DNA / DNA (> 10) / DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A / DNA replication licensing factor MCM3 / DNA polymerase epsilon subunit B / DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 / Minichromosome maintenance protein 5 / DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 ...ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / DNA / DNA (> 10) / DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A / DNA replication licensing factor MCM3 / DNA polymerase epsilon subunit B / DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 / Minichromosome maintenance protein 5 / DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 / DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 / DNA replication complex GINS protein PSF2 / DNA replication licensing factor MCM6 / DNA replication complex GINS protein SLD5 / Cell division control protein 45 / DNA replication complex GINS protein PSF3 / DNA replication complex GINS protein PSF1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesSaccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
synthetic construct (others)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.7 Å
AuthorsButryn, A. / Palm, G. / Costa, A.
Funding support United Kingdom, European Union, Germany, 4items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
The Francis Crick InstituteFC001065 United Kingdom
The Francis Crick InstituteFC001066 United Kingdom
European Research Council (ERC)820102European Union
Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds (BIF) Germany
CitationJournal: Nature / Year: 2026
Title: Structure of the pre-initiation complex explains CMGE biogenesis.
Authors: Thomas Pühringer / Berta Canal / Giacomo Palm / Agata Butryn / Emma C Couves / Oliver Willhoft / Jacob S Lewis / John F X Diffley / Alessandro Costa /
Abstract: When cells enter S phase, bidirectional DNA replication is initiated through the kinase-regulated recruitment of three activators (Cdc45, GINS and Pol ε) to a duplex-DNA-loaded double hexamer of ...When cells enter S phase, bidirectional DNA replication is initiated through the kinase-regulated recruitment of three activators (Cdc45, GINS and Pol ε) to a duplex-DNA-loaded double hexamer of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) ATPases. Together, these proteins form two CMGE helicases that establish divergent replication forks as they become separated. Here, to gain an understanding of CMGE biogenesis, we reconstituted the pre-initiation complex with purified yeast proteins. The cryo-electron-microscopy structure shows a set of firing factors caught in the act of assembling two symmetrical CMGEs. We show how stepwise complex formation reshapes MCM in preparation for DNA opening, and we explain how ATP promotes firing-factor ejection and CMGE maturation. We find that although Sld2 facilitates the recruitment of GINS to MCM, as expected, it also aids the efficient separation of the CMGE dimer, and is essential for the ejection of the lagging strand from MCM. These findings have direct implications for our understanding of the metazoan Sld2 orthologue, RECQL4, and point to a replication-fork establishment mechanism that is conserved across eukaryotes.
History
DepositionFeb 23, 2026Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0May 13, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
2: DNA replication licensing factor MCM2
3: DNA replication licensing factor MCM3
4: DNA replication licensing factor MCM4
5: Minichromosome maintenance protein 5
6: DNA replication licensing factor MCM6
7: DNA replication licensing factor MCM7
A: DNA (5'-D(P*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*T)-3')
B: DNA (5'-D(P*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*T)-3')
C: DNA replication complex GINS protein PSF3
D: DNA replication complex GINS protein SLD5
E: Cell division control protein 45
F: DNA polymerase epsilon subunit B
G: DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A
H: DNA replication complex GINS protein PSF1
I: DNA replication complex GINS protein PSF2
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)1,147,98434
Polymers1,144,41815
Non-polymers3,56719
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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DNA replication licensing factor ... , 5 types, 5 molecules 23467

#1: Protein DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 / Minichromosome maintenance protein 2


Mass: 98911.539 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: MCM2, YBL023C, YBL0438 / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P29469, DNA helicase
#2: Protein DNA replication licensing factor MCM3 / Minichromosome maintenance protein 3


Mass: 111720.242 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: MCM3, YEL032W, SYGP-ORF23 / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P24279, DNA helicase
#3: Protein DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 / Cell division control protein 54


Mass: 105138.375 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: MCM4, CDC54, HCD21, YPR019W, YP9531.13 / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P30665, DNA helicase
#5: Protein DNA replication licensing factor MCM6 / Minichromosome maintenance protein 6


Mass: 113110.211 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: MCM6, YGL201C / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P53091, DNA helicase
#6: Protein DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 / Cell division control protein 47 / Minichromosome maintenance protein 7


Mass: 95049.875 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: MCM7, CDC47, YBR202W, YBR1441 / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P38132, DNA helicase

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Protein , 2 types, 2 molecules 5E

#4: Protein Minichromosome maintenance protein 5 / Cell division control protein 46


Mass: 86505.734 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: MCM5, CDC46, YLR274W, L9328.1 / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P29496, DNA helicase
#10: Protein Cell division control protein 45


Mass: 75154.703 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: CDC45, SLD4, YLR103C, L8004.11 / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: Q08032

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DNA chain , 1 types, 2 molecules AB

#7: DNA chain DNA (5'-D(P*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*TP*CP*GP*AP*T)-3')


Mass: 8316.371 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) synthetic construct (others)

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DNA replication complex GINS protein ... , 4 types, 4 molecules CDHI

#8: Protein DNA replication complex GINS protein PSF3 / Partner of Sld five 3


Mass: 24464.885 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: PSF3, YOL146W / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: Q12146
#9: Protein DNA replication complex GINS protein SLD5


Mass: 33983.617 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: SLD5, YDR489W / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: Q03406
#13: Protein DNA replication complex GINS protein PSF1 / Partner of Sld five 1


Mass: 24230.576 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: PSF1, YDR013W, PZA208, YD8119.18 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: Q12488
#14: Protein DNA replication complex GINS protein PSF2 / Partner of Sld five 2


Mass: 25096.807 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: PSF2, YJL072C, HRF213, J1086 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P40359

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DNA polymerase epsilon ... , 2 types, 2 molecules FG

#11: Protein DNA polymerase epsilon subunit B / DNA polymerase II subunit 2


Mass: 78425.852 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: DPB2, YPR175W, P9705.7 / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P24482
#12: Protein DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A / 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease / DNA polymerase II subunit A


Mass: 255992.484 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: POL2, DUN2, YNL262W, N0825 / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
References: UniProt: P21951, DNA-directed DNA polymerase, Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters

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Non-polymers , 4 types, 19 molecules

#15: Chemical
ChemComp-MG / MAGNESIUM ION


Mass: 24.305 Da / Num. of mol.: 6 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Mg
#16: Chemical
ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 7 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn
#17: Chemical ChemComp-ADP / ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE


Mass: 427.201 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H15N5O10P2 / Comment: ADP, energy-carrying molecule*YM
#18: Chemical
ChemComp-ATP / ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE


Mass: 507.181 Da / Num. of mol.: 5 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H16N5O13P3 / Comment: ATP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

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Details

Has ligand of interestN
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Single CMGE complex with RPA on replication origin / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#14 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.6
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2900 nm / Nominal defocus min: 2000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 38.6 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1Topazparticle selection
2PHENIX1.21_5207model refinement
13cryoSPARC3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.7 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 1125095 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementCross valid method: NONE
Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2
Displacement parametersBiso mean: 161.05 Å2
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.002655155
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.48574746
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.03948555
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.00349421
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d9.01377780

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