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- PDB-9rhl: Phospho-DH bound by Sld3-MBD on ARS1 DNA -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9rhl
TitlePhospho-DH bound by Sld3-MBD on ARS1 DNA
Components
  • (DNA (53-MER)) x 2
  • (DNA replication licensing factor ...) x 5
  • DNA replication regulator SLD3
  • Minichromosome maintenance protein 5
KeywordsREPLICATION / Macromolecular Complex / DNA / ATPase / Helicase / MCM2-7
Function / homology
Function and homology information


regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation / MCM core complex / Assembly of the pre-replicative complex / Switching of origins to a post-replicative state / MCM complex binding / nuclear DNA replication / premeiotic DNA replication / pre-replicative complex assembly involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication / Activation of the pre-replicative complex / mitotic DNA replication ...regulation of mitotic DNA replication initiation / MCM core complex / Assembly of the pre-replicative complex / Switching of origins to a post-replicative state / MCM complex binding / nuclear DNA replication / premeiotic DNA replication / pre-replicative complex assembly involved in nuclear cell cycle DNA replication / Activation of the pre-replicative complex / mitotic DNA replication / nuclear pre-replicative complex / CMG complex / DNA replication preinitiation complex / Activation of ATR in response to replication stress / mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling / double-strand break repair via break-induced replication / MCM complex / mitotic DNA replication initiation / silent mating-type cassette heterochromatin formation / single-stranded DNA helicase activity / regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation / DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication / nuclear replication fork / DNA replication origin binding / chromosome, centromeric region / DNA replication initiation / subtelomeric heterochromatin formation / DNA helicase activity / helicase activity / transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / peroxisome / heterochromatin formation / single-stranded DNA binding / DNA helicase / DNA replication / chromosome, telomeric region / chromatin binding / DNA damage response / chromatin / ATP hydrolysis activity / zinc ion binding / nucleoplasm / ATP binding / nucleus / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
Sld3, N-terminal / Sld3 N-terminal domain / DNA replication regulator Sld3, C-terminal / DNA replication regulator Sld3 / DNA replication regulator SLD3, STD domain / : / MCM3 winged helix domain / : / MCM5, C-terminal domain / DNA replication licensing factor MCM7, winged helix ...Sld3, N-terminal / Sld3 N-terminal domain / DNA replication regulator Sld3, C-terminal / DNA replication regulator Sld3 / DNA replication regulator SLD3, STD domain / : / MCM3 winged helix domain / : / MCM5, C-terminal domain / DNA replication licensing factor MCM7, winged helix / DNA replication licensing factor Mcm5 / MCM4, winged helix domain / DNA replication licensing factor Mcm3 / Mini-chromosome maintenance complex protein 4 / : / MCM3-like, winged helix domain / DNA replication licensing factor Mcm6 / DNA replication licensing factor Mcm7 / Mcm6, C-terminal winged-helix domain / MCM6 C-terminal winged-helix domain / DNA replication licensing factor Mcm2 / Mini-chromosome maintenance protein 2 / Mini-chromosome maintenance, conserved site / MCM family signature. / MCM N-terminal domain / MCM N-terminal domain / MCM OB domain / MCM OB domain / Mini-chromosome maintenance protein / MCM, AAA-lid domain / MCM P-loop domain / MCM AAA-lid domain / MCM family C-terminal AAA(+) ATPase domain (MCM-CTD) profile. / minichromosome maintenance proteins / MCM domain / Winged helix-like DNA-binding domain superfamily / Nucleic acid-binding, OB-fold / ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities / AAA+ ATPase domain / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / DNA / DNA (> 10) / DNA replication licensing factor MCM3 / DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 / Minichromosome maintenance protein 5 / DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 / DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 / DNA replication licensing factor MCM6 / DNA replication regulator SLD3
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesSaccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.1 Å
AuthorsPuehringer, T. / Couves, E.C. / Costa, A.
Funding support United Kingdom, European Union, Germany, 6items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
The Francis Crick Institute United Kingdom
Wellcome Trust United Kingdom
Medical Research Council (MRC, United Kingdom) United Kingdom
Cancer Research UK United Kingdom
European Research Council (ERC)European Union
Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds (BIF) Germany
CitationJournal: Nature / Year: 2026
Title: Structure of the pre-initiation complex explains CMGE biogenesis.
Authors: Thomas Pühringer / Berta Canal / Giacomo Palm / Agata Butryn / Emma C Couves / Oliver Willhoft / Jacob S Lewis / John F X Diffley / Alessandro Costa /
Abstract: When cells enter S phase, bidirectional DNA replication is initiated through the kinase-regulated recruitment of three activators (Cdc45, GINS and Pol ε) to a duplex-DNA-loaded double hexamer of ...When cells enter S phase, bidirectional DNA replication is initiated through the kinase-regulated recruitment of three activators (Cdc45, GINS and Pol ε) to a duplex-DNA-loaded double hexamer of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) ATPases. Together, these proteins form two CMGE helicases that establish divergent replication forks as they become separated. Here, to gain an understanding of CMGE biogenesis, we reconstituted the pre-initiation complex with purified yeast proteins. The cryo-electron-microscopy structure shows a set of firing factors caught in the act of assembling two symmetrical CMGEs. We show how stepwise complex formation reshapes MCM in preparation for DNA opening, and we explain how ATP promotes firing-factor ejection and CMGE maturation. We find that although Sld2 facilitates the recruitment of GINS to MCM, as expected, it also aids the efficient separation of the CMGE dimer, and is essential for the ejection of the lagging strand from MCM. These findings have direct implications for our understanding of the metazoan Sld2 orthologue, RECQL4, and point to a replication-fork establishment mechanism that is conserved across eukaryotes.
History
DepositionJun 9, 2025Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0May 13, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 13, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 13, 2026Data content type: Additional map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Additional map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 13, 2026Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 13, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 13, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 13, 2026Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0May 13, 2026Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Jun 24, 2026Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
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Revision 1.1Jun 24, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / Group: Database references / Experimental summary / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
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Revision 1.2Jul 1, 2026Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
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Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata ...EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata
Item: _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title ..._citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation_author.identifier_ORCID / _citation_author.name / _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
2: DNA replication licensing factor MCM2
3: DNA replication licensing factor MCM3
4: DNA replication licensing factor MCM4
5: Minichromosome maintenance protein 5
6: DNA replication licensing factor MCM6
7: DNA replication licensing factor MCM7
H: DNA replication regulator SLD3
I: DNA replication regulator SLD3
a: DNA replication licensing factor MCM2
b: DNA replication licensing factor MCM3
c: DNA replication licensing factor MCM4
d: Minichromosome maintenance protein 5
e: DNA replication licensing factor MCM6
f: DNA replication licensing factor MCM7
X: DNA (53-MER)
Y: DNA (53-MER)
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)1,418,47534
Polymers1,416,01516
Non-polymers2,46018
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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DNA replication licensing factor ... , 5 types, 10 molecules 2a3b4c6e7f

#1: Protein DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 / Minichromosome maintenance protein 2


Mass: 98911.539 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: MCM2, YBL023C, YBL0438 / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P29469, DNA helicase
#2: Protein DNA replication licensing factor MCM3 / Minichromosome maintenance protein 3


Mass: 111720.242 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Details: N-terminal CBP tag followed by TEV protease cleavage site in frame with MCM3
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: MCM3, YEL032W, SYGP-ORF23 / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P24279, DNA helicase
#3: Protein DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 / Cell division control protein 54


Mass: 105138.375 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: MCM4, CDC54, HCD21, YPR019W, YP9531.13 / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P30665, DNA helicase
#5: Protein DNA replication licensing factor MCM6 / Minichromosome maintenance protein 6


Mass: 113110.211 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: MCM6, YGL201C / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P53091, DNA helicase
#6: Protein DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 / Cell division control protein 47 / Minichromosome maintenance protein 7


Mass: 95049.875 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: MCM7, CDC47, YBR202W, YBR1441 / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P38132, DNA helicase

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Protein , 2 types, 4 molecules 5dHI

#4: Protein Minichromosome maintenance protein 5 / Cell division control protein 46


Mass: 86505.734 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: MCM5, CDC46, YLR274W, L9328.1 / Production host: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast) / References: UniProt: P29496, DNA helicase
#7: Protein DNA replication regulator SLD3


Mass: 81240.672 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Details: S. cerevisiae SLD3 in frame with C-terminal TEV protease cleavage site and Twin-Strep-Tag
Source: (gene. exp.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Gene: SLD3, YGL113W, G2980 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: P53135

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DNA chain , 2 types, 2 molecules XY

#8: DNA chain DNA (53-MER)


Mass: 16326.441 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
#9: DNA chain DNA (53-MER)


Mass: 16335.457 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)

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Non-polymers , 3 types, 18 molecules

#10: Chemical
ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 10 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn
#11: Chemical
ChemComp-ADP / ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE


Mass: 427.201 Da / Num. of mol.: 4 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H15N5O10P2 / Comment: ADP, energy-carrying molecule*YM
#12: Chemical
ChemComp-MG / MAGNESIUM ION


Mass: 24.305 Da / Num. of mol.: 4 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Mg

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Details

Has ligand of interestN
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Phospho-DH bound by Sld3-MBD on ARS1 DNA / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#9 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 130000 X / Nominal defocus max: 2500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1100 nm
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER
Image recordingElectron dose: 49.8 e/Å2 / Detector mode: COUNTING / Film or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 3 / Num. of real images: 105652
Image scansMovie frames/image: 32

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Processing

EM software
IDNameCategory
1Topazparticle selection
2EPUimage acquisition
10cryoSPARCinitial Euler assignment
11cryoSPARCfinal Euler assignment
13cryoSPARC3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: NONE
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 5610789
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C2 (2 fold cyclic)
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.1 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 359025 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementCross valid method: NONE
Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2
Displacement parametersBiso mean: 159.89 Å2
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.005465648
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d1.058689233
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.056810334
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.007611152
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d13.49289835

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