National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
China
Citation
Journal: Sci Adv / Year: 2026 Title: G protein selectivity in group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. Authors: Yue Lu / Tianlei Wen / Xuhang Lu / Guimin Zhang / Tingting Meng / Tianjin Liu / Xinyan Wang / Yuequan Shen / Xue Yang / Abstract: Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are class C G protein-coupled receptor involved in synaptic transmission and neurological disorders. Group I mGlu receptors (mGlu1 and mGlu5) predominantly ...Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are class C G protein-coupled receptor involved in synaptic transmission and neurological disorders. Group I mGlu receptors (mGlu1 and mGlu5) predominantly couple to G, whereas group II and III receptors primarily engage G. Although G-coupling mechanisms have been defined for several group II/III receptors, how group I receptors preferentially engage G remains unclear. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of active mGlu-G protein complexes (mGlu1-G, mGlu1-G, mGlu5-G, and mGlu5-G) bound to l-glutamate and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), together with two additional activated-state structures of mGlu1. Comparative structural and biochemical analyses identify a group I-specific ICL2 insertion that promotes preferential G engagement. Each receptor dimer asymmetrically binds one G protein heterotrimer via an intracellular pocket engaging the Gα amino-terminal helix. PAM binding to one 7TM domain induces W rotation and TM6 outward movement, bringing the two 7TMs into closer. These findings provide a structural basis for preferential G engagement and activation of group I mGlu receptors.
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