National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)
R35GM122575
米国
National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI)
R01CA201402
米国
National Science Foundation (NSF, United States)
DMR-1719875
米国
National Institutes of Health/Office of the Director
S10OD030470-01
米国
National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI)
R01CA223534
米国
引用
ジャーナル: Nat Commun / 年: 2024 タイトル: Filament formation drives catalysis by glutaminase enzymes important in cancer progression. 著者: Shi Feng / Cody Aplin / Thuy-Tien T Nguyen / Shawn K Milano / Richard A Cerione / 要旨: The glutaminase enzymes GAC and GLS2 catalyze the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate, satisfying the 'glutamine addiction' of cancer cells. They are the targets of anti-cancer drugs; however, their ...The glutaminase enzymes GAC and GLS2 catalyze the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate, satisfying the 'glutamine addiction' of cancer cells. They are the targets of anti-cancer drugs; however, their mechanisms of activation and catalytic activity have been unclear. Here we demonstrate that the ability of GAC and GLS2 to form filaments is directly coupled to their catalytic activity and present their cryo-EM structures which provide a view of the conformational states essential for catalysis. Filament formation guides an 'activation loop' to assume a specific conformation that works together with a 'lid' to close over the active site and position glutamine for nucleophilic attack by an essential serine. Our findings highlight how ankyrin repeats on GLS2 regulate enzymatic activity, while allosteric activators stabilize, and clinically relevant inhibitors block, filament formation that enables glutaminases to catalyze glutaminolysis and support cancer progression.