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Open data
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Basic information
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Title | Cryo-EM structure of the spexin-bound GALR2-miniGq complex | |||||||||
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Function / homology | ![]() galanin-activated signaling pathway / galanin receptor activity / positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity / inositol phosphate metabolic process / phosphatidylinositol metabolic process / neuropeptide binding / feeding behavior / peptide hormone binding / neuropeptide signaling pathway / Peptide ligand-binding receptors ...galanin-activated signaling pathway / galanin receptor activity / positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity / inositol phosphate metabolic process / phosphatidylinositol metabolic process / neuropeptide binding / feeding behavior / peptide hormone binding / neuropeptide signaling pathway / Peptide ligand-binding receptors / muscle contraction / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / G-protein activation / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / cilium / photoreceptor disc membrane / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / sensory perception of taste / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / GPER1 signaling / G-protein beta-subunit binding / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / neuron projection development / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / extracellular vesicle / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / GTPase binding / retina development in camera-type eye / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / Ca2+ pathway / G alpha (i) signalling events / positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration / fibroblast proliferation / G alpha (s) signalling events / G alpha (q) signalling events / cell population proliferation / Ras protein signal transduction / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / learning or memory / cell surface receptor signaling pathway / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / lysosomal membrane / GTPase activity / synapse / protein-containing complex binding / signal transduction / positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II / extracellular exosome / membrane / plasma membrane / cytosol / cytoplasm Similarity search - Function | |||||||||
Biological species | ![]() | |||||||||
Method | single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.5 Å | |||||||||
![]() | Jiang W / Zheng S | |||||||||
Funding support | ![]()
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![]() | ![]() Title: Structural insights into galanin receptor signaling. Authors: Wentong Jiang / Sanduo Zheng / ![]() Abstract: Galanin is a biologically active neuropeptide, and functions through three distinct G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3. GALR signaling plays important roles in ...Galanin is a biologically active neuropeptide, and functions through three distinct G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3. GALR signaling plays important roles in regulating various physiological processes such as energy metabolism, neuropathic pain, epileptic activity, and sleep homeostasis. GALR1 and GALR3 signal through the Gi/o pathway, whereas GALR2 signals mainly through the Gq/11 pathway. However, the molecular basis for galanin recognition and G protein selectivity of GALRs remains poorly understood. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy structures of the GALR1-Go and the GALR2-Gq complexes bound to the endogenous ligand galanin or spexin. The galanin peptide mainly adopts an alpha helical structure, which binds at the extracellular vestibule of the receptors, nearly parallel to the membrane plane without penetrating deeply into the receptor core. Structural analysis combined with functional studies reveals important structural determinants for the G protein selectivity of GALRs as well as other class A GPCRs. In addition, we show that the zinc ion is a negative allosteric regulator of GALR1 but not GALR2. Our studies provide insight into the mechanisms of G protein selectivity of GPCRs and highlight a potential function of the neuromodulator zinc ion as a modulator of GPCR signaling in the central nervous system. | |||||||||
History |
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Structure visualization
Supplemental images |
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Downloads & links
-EMDB archive
Map data | ![]() | 20.9 MB | ![]() | |
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Header (meta data) | ![]() ![]() | 20.9 KB 20.9 KB | Display Display | ![]() |
Images | ![]() | 15.5 KB | ||
Others | ![]() ![]() | 20.7 MB 20.7 MB | ||
Archive directory | ![]() ![]() | HTTPS FTP |
-Validation report
Summary document | ![]() | 663.8 KB | Display | ![]() |
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Full document | ![]() | 663.4 KB | Display | |
Data in XML | ![]() | 10.2 KB | Display | |
Data in CIF | ![]() | 11.9 KB | Display | |
Arichive directory | ![]() ![]() | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
Related structure data | ![]() 7xjlMC ![]() 7xjjC ![]() 7xjkC M: atomic model generated by this map C: citing same article ( |
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Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology ![]() |
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Links
EMDB pages | ![]() ![]() |
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Related items in Molecule of the Month |
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Map
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Voxel size | X=Y=Z: 1.087 Å | ||||||||||||||||||||
Density |
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Symmetry | Space group: 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Details | EMDB XML:
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-Supplemental data
-Half map: #1
File | emd_33231_half_map_1.map | ||||||||||||
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Projections & Slices |
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Density Histograms |
-Half map: #2
File | emd_33231_half_map_2.map | ||||||||||||
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Projections & Slices |
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Density Histograms |
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Sample components
-Entire : Spexin-bound Galanin receptor 2 in complex with Galphaq, Gbeta/ga...
Entire | Name: Spexin-bound Galanin receptor 2 in complex with Galphaq, Gbeta/gamma subunit and single chain variable fragment (scFv16) |
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Components |
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-Supramolecule #1: Spexin-bound Galanin receptor 2 in complex with Galphaq, Gbeta/ga...
Supramolecule | Name: Spexin-bound Galanin receptor 2 in complex with Galphaq, Gbeta/gamma subunit and single chain variable fragment (scFv16) type: complex / Chimera: Yes / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Recombinant expression | Organism: Homo sapiens, synthetic construct |
-Macromolecule #1: spexin
Macromolecule | Name: spexin / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 1.621876 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: synthetic construct (others) |
Sequence | String: NWTPQAMLYL KGAQ |
-Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha
Macromolecule | Name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 28.180963 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() |
Sequence | String: GPMGSTVSAE DKAAAERSKM IDKNLREDGE KARRTLRLLL LGADNSGKST IVKQMRILHG GSGGSGGTSG IFETKFQVDK VNFHMFDVG GQRDERRKWI QCFNDVTAII FVVDSSDYNR LQEALNDFKS IWNNRWLRTI SVILFLNKQD LLAEKVLAGK S KIEDYFPE ...String: GPMGSTVSAE DKAAAERSKM IDKNLREDGE KARRTLRLLL LGADNSGKST IVKQMRILHG GSGGSGGTSG IFETKFQVDK VNFHMFDVG GQRDERRKWI QCFNDVTAII FVVDSSDYNR LQEALNDFKS IWNNRWLRTI SVILFLNKQD LLAEKVLAGK S KIEDYFPE FARYTTPEAA TPEPGDDPRV TRAKYFIRKE FVDISTASGD GRHICYPHFT CAVDTENARR IFNDCKDIIL QM NLREYNL V |
-Macromolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
Macromolecule | Name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 38.389934 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: HHHHHHGSMS ELDQLRQEAE QLKNQIRDAR KACADATLSQ ITNNIDPVGR IQMRTRRTLR GHLAKIYAMH WGTDSRLLVS ASQDGKLII WDSYTTNKVH AIPLRSSWVM TCAYAPSGNY VACGGLDNIC SIYNLKTREG NVRVSRELAG HTGYLSCCRF L DDNQIVTS ...String: HHHHHHGSMS ELDQLRQEAE QLKNQIRDAR KACADATLSQ ITNNIDPVGR IQMRTRRTLR GHLAKIYAMH WGTDSRLLVS ASQDGKLII WDSYTTNKVH AIPLRSSWVM TCAYAPSGNY VACGGLDNIC SIYNLKTREG NVRVSRELAG HTGYLSCCRF L DDNQIVTS SGDTTCALWD IETGQQTTTF TGHTGDVMSL SLAPDTRLFV SGACDASAKL WDVREGMCRQ TFTGHESDIN AI CFFPNGN AFATGSDDAT CRLFDLRADQ ELMTYSHDNI ICGITSVSFS KSGRLLLAGY DDFNCNVWDA LKADRAGVLA GHD NRVSCL GVTDDGMAVA TGSWDSFLKI WN |
-Macromolecule #4: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
Macromolecule | Name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 7.845078 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: MASNNTASIA QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP FREKKFFSAI L |
-Macromolecule #5: single-chain variable fragment (scFv16)
Macromolecule | Name: single-chain variable fragment (scFv16) / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 32.071615 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: GRPDVQLVES GGGLVQPGGS RKLSCSASGF AFSSFGMHWV RQAPEKGLEW VAYISSGSGT IYYADTVKGR FTISRDDPKN TLFLQMTSL RSEDTAMYYC VRSIYYYGSS PFDFWGQGTT LTVSSGGGGS GGGGSGGGGS DIVMTQATSS VPVTPGESVS I SCRSSKSL ...String: GRPDVQLVES GGGLVQPGGS RKLSCSASGF AFSSFGMHWV RQAPEKGLEW VAYISSGSGT IYYADTVKGR FTISRDDPKN TLFLQMTSL RSEDTAMYYC VRSIYYYGSS PFDFWGQGTT LTVSSGGGGS GGGGSGGGGS DIVMTQATSS VPVTPGESVS I SCRSSKSL LHSNGNTYLY WFLQRPGQSP QLLIYRMSNL ASGVPDRFSG SGSGTAFTLT ISRLEAEDVG VYYCMQHLEY PL TFGAGTK LELKAAAGAP LEVLFQGPGA WSHPQFEKGA EDQVDPRLID GKGAAHHHHH HHH |
-Macromolecule #6: Galanin receptor type 2
Macromolecule | Name: Galanin receptor type 2 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 36.401867 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() |
Sequence | String: DYKDDDDKGS MNVSGCPGAG NASQAGGGGG WHPEAVIVPL LFALIFLVGT VGNTLVLAVL LRGGQAVSTT NLFILNLGVA DLCFILCCV PFQATIYTLD GWVFGSLLCK AVHFLIFLTM HASSFTLAAV SLDRYLAIRY PLHSRELRTP RNALAAIGLI W GLSLLFSG ...String: DYKDDDDKGS MNVSGCPGAG NASQAGGGGG WHPEAVIVPL LFALIFLVGT VGNTLVLAVL LRGGQAVSTT NLFILNLGVA DLCFILCCV PFQATIYTLD GWVFGSLLCK AVHFLIFLTM HASSFTLAAV SLDRYLAIRY PLHSRELRTP RNALAAIGLI W GLSLLFSG PYLSYYQQSQ LANLTVCHPA WSAPRRRAMD ICTFVFSYLL PVLVLGLTYA RTLRYLWRAV DPVAAGSGAR RA KRKVTRM ILIVAALFCL CWMPHHALIL CVWFGQFPLT RATYALRILS HLVSYANSCV NPIVYALVSK HFRKGFRTIC AGL LGRAGS LEVLFQ |
-Experimental details
-Structure determination
Method | cryo EM |
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![]() | single particle reconstruction |
Aggregation state | 3D array |
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Sample preparation
Concentration | 5.6 mg/mL | ||||||||||
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Buffer | pH: 7.4 Component:
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Grid | Model: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3 / Material: GOLD / Mesh: 300 / Support film - Material: CARBON / Support film - topology: HOLEY / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Atmosphere: AIR / Pretreatment - Pressure: 101.325 kPa | ||||||||||
Vitrification | Cryogen name: ETHANE |
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Electron microscopy
Microscope | FEI TITAN KRIOS |
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Image recording | Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 50.0 e/Å2 |
Electron beam | Acceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: ![]() |
Electron optics | Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.3000000000000003 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.2 µm |
Sample stage | Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN |
Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |
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Image processing
Final reconstruction | Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.5 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 332603 |
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Initial angle assignment | Type: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD |
Final angle assignment | Type: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD |
-Atomic model buiding 1
Refinement | Space: REAL / Protocol: RIGID BODY FIT |
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Output model | ![]() PDB-7xjl: |