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Title | Telomeric tetranucleosome in open state | |||||||||
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![]() | Telomere / Nucleosome / Chromatin / DNA BINDING PROTEIN / DNA BINDING PROTEIN-DNA complex | |||||||||
Function / homology | ![]() negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation / protein localization to CENP-A containing chromatin / Chromatin modifying enzymes / Replacement of protamines by nucleosomes in the male pronucleus / CENP-A containing nucleosome / Packaging Of Telomere Ends / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected purine / Cleavage of the damaged purine / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected pyrimidine / Cleavage of the damaged pyrimidine ...negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation / protein localization to CENP-A containing chromatin / Chromatin modifying enzymes / Replacement of protamines by nucleosomes in the male pronucleus / CENP-A containing nucleosome / Packaging Of Telomere Ends / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected purine / Cleavage of the damaged purine / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected pyrimidine / Cleavage of the damaged pyrimidine / Deposition of new CENPA-containing nucleosomes at the centromere / telomere organization / Inhibition of DNA recombination at telomere / Meiotic synapsis / Interleukin-7 signaling / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Opening / Assembly of the ORC complex at the origin of replication / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by the Human Silencing Hub (HUSH) complex / SUMOylation of chromatin organization proteins / DNA methylation / Condensation of Prophase Chromosomes / Chromatin modifications during the maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) / HCMV Late Events / SIRT1 negatively regulates rRNA expression / epigenetic regulation of gene expression / ERCC6 (CSB) and EHMT2 (G9a) positively regulate rRNA expression / chloroplast / PRC2 methylates histones and DNA / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by KRAB-ZFP proteins / Defective pyroptosis / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) / HDACs deacetylate histones / Nonhomologous End-Joining (NHEJ) / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape / Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs / Formation of the beta-catenin:TCF transactivating complex / RUNX1 regulates genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet function / Activated PKN1 stimulates transcription of AR (androgen receptor) regulated genes KLK2 and KLK3 / G2/M DNA damage checkpoint / HDMs demethylate histones / NoRC negatively regulates rRNA expression / DNA Damage/Telomere Stress Induced Senescence / B-WICH complex positively regulates rRNA expression / PKMTs methylate histone lysines / Meiotic recombination / Pre-NOTCH Transcription and Translation / Metalloprotease DUBs / RMTs methylate histone arginines / Activation of anterior HOX genes in hindbrain development during early embryogenesis / Transcriptional regulation of granulopoiesis / HCMV Early Events / structural constituent of chromatin / UCH proteinases / nucleosome / heterochromatin formation / nucleosome assembly / Recruitment and ATM-mediated phosphorylation of repair and signaling proteins at DNA double strand breaks / chromatin organization / HATs acetylate histones / RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in differentiation of HSCs / Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production / MLL4 and MLL3 complexes regulate expression of PPARG target genes in adipogenesis and hepatic steatosis / Processing of DNA double-strand break ends / Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) / small ribosomal subunit rRNA binding / Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence / gene expression / Estrogen-dependent gene expression / chromosome, telomeric region / Ub-specific processing proteases / ribosome / structural constituent of ribosome / cadherin binding / translation / Amyloid fiber formation / protein heterodimerization activity / ribonucleoprotein complex / negative regulation of cell population proliferation / protein-containing complex / DNA binding / RNA binding / extracellular exosome / extracellular region / nucleoplasm / nucleus / membrane Similarity search - Function | |||||||||
Biological species | ![]() | |||||||||
Method | single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 14.0 Å | |||||||||
![]() | Soman A | |||||||||
Funding support | ![]()
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![]() | ![]() Title: Columnar structure of human telomeric chromatin. Authors: Aghil Soman / Sook Yi Wong / Nikolay Korolev / Wahyu Surya / Simon Lattmann / Vinod K Vogirala / Qinming Chen / Nikolay V Berezhnoy / John van Noort / Daniela Rhodes / Lars Nordenskiöld / ![]() ![]() ![]() Abstract: Telomeres, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, play pivotal parts in ageing and cancer and are targets of DNA damage and the DNA damage response. Little is known about the structure of telomeric ...Telomeres, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, play pivotal parts in ageing and cancer and are targets of DNA damage and the DNA damage response. Little is known about the structure of telomeric chromatin at the molecular level. Here we used negative stain electron microscopy and single-molecule magnetic tweezers to characterize 3-kbp-long telomeric chromatin fibres. We also obtained the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of the condensed telomeric tetranucleosome and its dinucleosome unit. The structure displayed close stacking of nucleosomes with a columnar arrangement, and an unusually short nucleosome repeat length that comprised about 132 bp DNA wound in a continuous superhelix around histone octamers. This columnar structure is primarily stabilized by the H2A carboxy-terminal and histone amino-terminal tails in a synergistic manner. The columnar conformation results in exposure of the DNA helix, which may make it susceptible to both DNA damage and the DNA damage response. The conformation also exists in an alternative open state, in which one nucleosome is unstacked and flipped out, which exposes the acidic patch of the histone surface. The structural features revealed in this work suggest mechanisms by which protein factors involved in telomere maintenance can access telomeric chromatin in its compact form. | |||||||||
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Structure visualization
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Downloads & links
-EMDB archive
Map data | ![]() | 57.8 MB | ![]() | |
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Header (meta data) | ![]() ![]() | 22.1 KB 22.1 KB | Display Display | ![]() |
FSC (resolution estimation) | ![]() | 9.3 KB | Display | ![]() |
Images | ![]() | 60.9 KB | ||
Masks | ![]() | 64 MB | ![]() | |
Filedesc metadata | ![]() | 5.6 KB | ||
Others | ![]() ![]() | 49.6 MB 49.5 MB | ||
Archive directory | ![]() ![]() | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
Related structure data | ![]() 7va4MC ![]() 7v90C ![]() 7v96C ![]() 7v9cC ![]() 7v9jC ![]() 7v9kC ![]() 7v9sC M: atomic model generated by this map C: citing same article ( |
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Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology ![]() |
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Links
EMDB pages | ![]() ![]() |
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Related items in Molecule of the Month |
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Map
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Projections & slices | Image control
Images are generated by Spider. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Voxel size | X=Y=Z: 1.4 Å | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Density |
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Symmetry | Space group: 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Details | EMDB XML:
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-Supplemental data
-Mask #1
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-Half map: #2
File | emd_31832_half_map_1.map | ||||||||||||
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-Half map: #1
File | emd_31832_half_map_2.map | ||||||||||||
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Density Histograms |
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Sample components
-Entire : Telomeric tetranucleosome in open state
Entire | Name: Telomeric tetranucleosome in open state |
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Components |
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-Supramolecule #1: Telomeric tetranucleosome in open state
Supramolecule | Name: Telomeric tetranucleosome in open state / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
-Macromolecule #1: DNA (539-MER)
Macromolecule | Name: DNA (539-MER) / type: dna / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Classification: DNA |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 171.470156 KDa |
Sequence | String: (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG) (DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) ...String: (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG) (DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG) (DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG) (DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG) (DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG) (DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DG) (DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG) (DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT) (DA) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DG) (DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG) (DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG) (DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG) (DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DG) (DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DG) (DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG) (DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG) (DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG) (DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG) (DG) (DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG) (DT)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG) (DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT) |
-Macromolecule #2: DNA (539-MER)
Macromolecule | Name: DNA (539-MER) / type: dna / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Classification: DNA |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 161.508312 KDa |
Sequence | String: (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC) (DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC) (DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) ...String: (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC) (DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC) (DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA) (DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC) (DT)(DA)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA) (DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DC) (DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT) (DA) (DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC) (DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA) (DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC) (DT) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA) (DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC) (DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA) (DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC) (DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA) (DC) (DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA) (DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA) (DA) (DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA) (DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC) (DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA) (DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC) (DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DA)(DA) (DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DC) |
-Macromolecule #3: Histone H3.1
Macromolecule | Name: Histone H3.1 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 8 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 15.437167 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: MARTKQTARK STGGKAPRKQ LATKAARKSA PATGGVKKPH RYRPGTVALR EIRRYQKSTE LLIRKLPFQR LVREIAQDFK TDLRFQSSA VMALQEACEA YLVGLFEDTN LCAIHAKRVT IMPKDIQLAR RIRGERA UniProtKB: Histone H3.1 |
-Macromolecule #4: Histone H4
Macromolecule | Name: Histone H4 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 8 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 11.394426 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: MSGRGKGGKG LGKGGAKRHR KVLRDNIQGI TKPAIRRLAR RGGVKRISGL IYEETRGVLK VFLENVIRDA VTYTEHAKRK TVTAMDVVY ALKRQGRTLY GFGG UniProtKB: Histone H4 |
-Macromolecule #5: Histone H2A type 1-B/E
Macromolecule | Name: Histone H2A type 1-B/E / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 8 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 14.165551 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: MSGRGKQGGK ARAKAKTRSS RAGLQFPVGR VHRLLRKGNY SERVGAGAPV YLAAVLEYLT AEILELAGNA ARDNKKTRII PRHLQLAIR NDEELNKLLG RVTIAQGGVL PNIQAVLLPK KTESHHKAKG K UniProtKB: Histone H2A type 1-B/E |
-Macromolecule #6: Histone H2B type 1-K
Macromolecule | Name: Histone H2B type 1-K / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 8 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 10.607174 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: RSRKESYSVY VYKVLKQVHP DTGISSKAMG IMNSFVNDIF ERIAGEASRL AHYNKRSTIT SREIQTAVRL LLPGELAKHA VSEGTKAVT KYTSAK UniProtKB: Small ribosomal subunit protein bS6c alpha |
-Experimental details
-Structure determination
Method | cryo EM |
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![]() | single particle reconstruction |
Aggregation state | particle |
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Sample preparation
Buffer | pH: 6 |
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Vitrification | Cryogen name: ETHANE |
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Electron microscopy
Microscope | FEI TITAN KRIOS |
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Image recording | Film or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 50.0 e/Å2 |
Electron beam | Acceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: ![]() |
Electron optics | Illumination mode: OTHER / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD |
Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |