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- PDB-6usj: Structure of two nucleosomes bridged by human PARP2 -

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Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 6usj
TitleStructure of two nucleosomes bridged by human PARP2
Components
  • (Widom 601 DNA (160- ...) x 2
  • Histone H2A
  • Histone H2B type 1-J
  • Histone H3.1
  • Histone H4
  • Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2
KeywordsDNA BINDING PROTEIN/DNA / PARP2 / Nucleosome / Complex / Bridging / DNA BINDING PROTEIN-DNA complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


response to oxygen-glucose deprivation / hippocampal neuron apoptotic process / poly-ADP-D-ribose binding / positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development / NAD+-protein-serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / NAD DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / DNA ADP-ribosylation / poly-ADP-D-ribose modification-dependent protein binding / HDR through MMEJ (alt-NHEJ) / NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase ...response to oxygen-glucose deprivation / hippocampal neuron apoptotic process / poly-ADP-D-ribose binding / positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development / NAD+-protein-serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / NAD DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / DNA ADP-ribosylation / poly-ADP-D-ribose modification-dependent protein binding / HDR through MMEJ (alt-NHEJ) / NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase / protein auto-ADP-ribosylation / NAD+-protein-aspartate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / protein poly-ADP-ribosylation / NAD+-protein-glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / DNA repair-dependent chromatin remodeling / NAD+-protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / decidualization / site of DNA damage / NAD+ poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity / Transferases; Glycosyltransferases; Pentosyltransferases / POLB-Dependent Long Patch Base Excision Repair / negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway / negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation / protein localization to CENP-A containing chromatin / Chromatin modifying enzymes / nucleosome binding / Replacement of protamines by nucleosomes in the male pronucleus / CENP-A containing nucleosome / Packaging Of Telomere Ends / extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected purine / Cleavage of the damaged purine / Deposition of new CENPA-containing nucleosomes at the centromere / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected pyrimidine / Cleavage of the damaged pyrimidine / nucleotidyltransferase activity / telomere organization / Interleukin-7 signaling / Inhibition of DNA recombination at telomere / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Opening / Meiotic synapsis / Assembly of the ORC complex at the origin of replication / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by the Human Silencing Hub (HUSH) complex / SUMOylation of chromatin organization proteins / DNA methylation / epigenetic regulation of gene expression / Condensation of Prophase Chromosomes / Chromatin modifications during the maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) / SIRT1 negatively regulates rRNA expression / HCMV Late Events / innate immune response in mucosa / ERCC6 (CSB) and EHMT2 (G9a) positively regulate rRNA expression / PRC2 methylates histones and DNA / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by KRAB-ZFP proteins / Defective pyroptosis / HDACs deacetylate histones / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) / Nonhomologous End-Joining (NHEJ) / lipopolysaccharide binding / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape / Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs / Formation of the beta-catenin:TCF transactivating complex / Activated PKN1 stimulates transcription of AR (androgen receptor) regulated genes KLK2 and KLK3 / RUNX1 regulates genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet function / HDMs demethylate histones / G2/M DNA damage checkpoint / base-excision repair / DNA Damage Recognition in GG-NER / NoRC negatively regulates rRNA expression / DNA Damage/Telomere Stress Induced Senescence / B-WICH complex positively regulates rRNA expression / PKMTs methylate histone lysines / Dual Incision in GG-NER / Meiotic recombination / Pre-NOTCH Transcription and Translation / Metalloprotease DUBs / Formation of Incision Complex in GG-NER / RMTs methylate histone arginines / Activation of anterior HOX genes in hindbrain development during early embryogenesis / Transcriptional regulation of granulopoiesis / HCMV Early Events / antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide / structural constituent of chromatin / UCH proteinases / antibacterial humoral response / nucleosome / heterochromatin formation / double-strand break repair / nucleosome assembly / E3 ubiquitin ligases ubiquitinate target proteins / Recruitment and ATM-mediated phosphorylation of repair and signaling proteins at DNA double strand breaks / RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in differentiation of HSCs / HATs acetylate histones / Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production / chromatin organization / MLL4 and MLL3 complexes regulate expression of PPARG target genes in adipogenesis and hepatic steatosis / Processing of DNA double-strand break ends / Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) / Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence / defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
Similarity search - Function
: / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, regulatory domain / WGR domain / WGR domain superfamily / WGR domain / WGR domain profile. / Proposed nucleic acid binding domain / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, regulatory domain superfamily / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, regulatory domain / PARP alpha-helical domain profile. ...: / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, regulatory domain / WGR domain / WGR domain superfamily / WGR domain / WGR domain profile. / Proposed nucleic acid binding domain / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, regulatory domain superfamily / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, regulatory domain / PARP alpha-helical domain profile. / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase catalytic domain / Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, catalytic domain / PARP catalytic domain profile. / : / Histone H2B signature. / Histone H2A conserved site / Histone H2A signature. / Histone H2B / Histone H2B / Histone H2A, C-terminal domain / C-terminus of histone H2A / Histone 2A / Histone H2A / TATA box binding protein associated factor / TATA box binding protein associated factor (TAF), histone-like fold domain / Histone H4, conserved site / Histone H4 signature. / Histone H4 / Histone H4 / CENP-T/Histone H4, histone fold / Centromere kinetochore component CENP-T histone fold / Histone H3 signature 1. / Histone H3 signature 2. / Histone H3 / Histone H3/CENP-A / Histone H2A/H2B/H3 / Core histone H2A/H2B/H3/H4 domain / Histone-fold
Similarity search - Domain/homology
DNA / DNA (> 10) / DNA (> 100) / Histone H2A type 1-B/E / Histone H2B type 1-J / Histone H4 / Histone H3.1 / Histone H2A / Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciessynthetic construct (others)
Homo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 10.5 Å
AuthorsGaullier, G. / Bowerman, S. / Luger, K.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI)R01 CA218255 United States
CitationJournal: PLoS One / Year: 2020
Title: Bridging of nucleosome-proximal DNA double-strand breaks by PARP2 enhances its interaction with HPF1.
Authors: Guillaume Gaullier / Genevieve Roberts / Uma M Muthurajan / Samuel Bowerman / Johannes Rudolph / Jyothi Mahadevan / Asmita Jha / Purushka S Rae / Karolin Luger /
Abstract: Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 2 (PARP2) is one of three DNA-dependent PARPs involved in the detection of DNA damage. Upon binding to DNA double-strand breaks, PARP2 uses nicotinamide adenine ...Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 2 (PARP2) is one of three DNA-dependent PARPs involved in the detection of DNA damage. Upon binding to DNA double-strand breaks, PARP2 uses nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to synthesize poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) onto itself and other proteins, including histones. PAR chains in turn promote the DNA damage response by recruiting downstream repair factors. These early steps of DNA damage signaling are relevant for understanding how genome integrity is maintained and how their failure leads to genome instability or cancer. There is no structural information on DNA double-strand break detection in the context of chromatin. Here we present a cryo-EM structure of two nucleosomes bridged by human PARP2 and confirm that PARP2 bridges DNA ends in the context of nucleosomes bearing short linker DNA. We demonstrate that the conformation of PARP2 bound to damaged chromatin provides a binding platform for the regulatory protein Histone PARylation Factor 1 (HPF1), and that the resulting HPF1•PARP2•nucleosome complex is enzymatically active. Our results contribute to a structural view of the early steps of the DNA damage response in chromatin.
History
DepositionOct 27, 2019Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Oct 14, 2020Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Nov 11, 2020Group: Database references / Category: citation / citation_author
Item: _citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev ..._citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev / _citation.journal_id_CSD / _citation.journal_id_ISSN / _citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first / _citation.page_last / _citation.pdbx_database_id_DOI / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation.year / _citation_author.identifier_ORCID
Revision 1.2Mar 6, 2024Group: Data collection / Database references / Refinement description
Category: chem_comp_atom / chem_comp_bond ...chem_comp_atom / chem_comp_bond / database_2 / em_3d_fitting_list / pdbx_initial_refinement_model
Item: _database_2.pdbx_DOI / _database_2.pdbx_database_accession ..._database_2.pdbx_DOI / _database_2.pdbx_database_accession / _em_3d_fitting_list.accession_code / _em_3d_fitting_list.initial_refinement_model_id / _em_3d_fitting_list.source_name / _em_3d_fitting_list.type

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Structure visualization

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Assembly

Deposited unit
I: Widom 601 DNA (160-MER)
J: Widom 601 DNA (160-MER)
A: Histone H3.1
B: Histone H4
C: Histone H2A
D: Histone H2B type 1-J
E: Histone H3.1
F: Histone H4
G: Histone H2A
H: Histone H2B type 1-J
S: Widom 601 DNA (160-MER)
T: Widom 601 DNA (160-MER)
K: Histone H3.1
L: Histone H4
M: Histone H2A
N: Histone H2B type 1-J
O: Histone H3.1
P: Histone H4
Q: Histone H2A
R: Histone H2B type 1-J
U: Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2
V: Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)562,13322
Polymers562,13322
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: light scattering, Experimental MW determined by SEC-MALS supports a stoichiometry of 2 nucleosomes and 2 PARP2.
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

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Widom 601 DNA (160- ... , 2 types, 4 molecules ISJT

#1: DNA chain Widom 601 DNA (160-MER)


Mass: 51141.562 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Details: Widom 601 nucleosome positioning sequence with 7 and 11 additional terminal base pairs
Source: (gene. exp.) synthetic construct (others) / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
#2: DNA chain Widom 601 DNA (160-MER)


Mass: 50732.305 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) synthetic construct (others) / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)

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Protein , 5 types, 18 molecules AEKOBFLPCGMQDHNRUV

#3: Protein
Histone H3.1 / Histone H3/a / Histone H3/b / Histone H3/c / Histone H3/d / Histone H3/f / Histone H3/h / Histone ...Histone H3/a / Histone H3/b / Histone H3/c / Histone H3/d / Histone H3/f / Histone H3/h / Histone H3/i / Histone H3/j / Histone H3/k / Histone H3/l


Mass: 15719.445 Da / Num. of mol.: 4
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human)
Gene: H3C1, H3FA, HIST1H3A, H3C2, H3FL, HIST1H3B, H3C3, H3FC HIST1H3C, H3C4, H3FB, HIST1H3D, H3C6, H3FD, HIST1H3E, H3C7, H3FI, HIST1H3F, H3C8, H3FH, HIST1H3G, H3C10, H3FK, HIST1H3H, H3C11, H3FF, ...Gene: H3C1, H3FA, HIST1H3A, H3C2, H3FL, HIST1H3B, H3C3, H3FC HIST1H3C, H3C4, H3FB, HIST1H3D, H3C6, H3FD, HIST1H3E, H3C7, H3FI, HIST1H3F, H3C8, H3FH, HIST1H3G, H3C10, H3FK, HIST1H3H, H3C11, H3FF, HIST1H3I, H3C12, H3FJ, HIST1H3J
Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P68431
#4: Protein
Histone H4


Mass: 11676.703 Da / Num. of mol.: 4
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human)
Gene: H4C1, H4/A, H4FA, HIST1H4A, H4C2, H4/I, H4FI, HIST1H4B, H4C3, H4/G, H4FG, HIST1H4C, H4C4, H4/B, H4FB, HIST1H4D, H4C5, H4/J, H4FJ, HIST1H4E, H4C6, H4/C, H4FC, HIST1H4F, H4C8, H4/H, H4FH, ...Gene: H4C1, H4/A, H4FA, HIST1H4A, H4C2, H4/I, H4FI, HIST1H4B, H4C3, H4/G, H4FG, HIST1H4C, H4C4, H4/B, H4FB, HIST1H4D, H4C5, H4/J, H4FJ, HIST1H4E, H4C6, H4/C, H4FC, HIST1H4F, H4C8, H4/H, H4FH, HIST1H4H, H4C9, H4/M, H4FM, HIST1H4I, H4C11, H4/E, H4FE, HIST1H4J, H4C12, H4/D, H4FD, HIST1H4K, H4C13, H4/K, H4FK, HIST1H4L, H4C14, H4/N, H4F2, H4FN, HIST2H4, HIST2H4A, H4C15, H4/O, H4FO, HIST2H4B, H4-16, HIST4H4
Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P62805
#5: Protein
Histone H2A


Mass: 14447.825 Da / Num. of mol.: 4
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: HIST1H2AB, HIST1H2AE, hCG_1640984, hCG_1787383 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: Q08AJ9, UniProt: P04908*PLUS
#6: Protein
Histone H2B type 1-J / Histone H2B.1 / Histone H2B.r / H2B/r


Mass: 14217.516 Da / Num. of mol.: 4
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: HIST1H2BJ, H2BFR / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P06899
#7: Protein Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 / hPARP-2 / ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 2 / ARTD2 / DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP2 ...hPARP-2 / ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 2 / ARTD2 / DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP2 / NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase 2 / ADPRT-2 / Poly[ADP-ribose] synthase 2 / pADPRT-2 / Protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP2


Mass: 67069.477 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Mutation: Q112R, F113D
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: PARP2, ADPRT2, ADPRTL2 / Variant: Isoform 2 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
References: UniProt: Q9UGN5, NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase, Transferases; Glycosyltransferases; Pentosyltransferases

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

Component
IDNameTypeDetailsEntity IDParent-IDSource
1Two nucleosomes bridged by PARP2COMPLEXTwo nucleosomes bridged by human PARP2. Full-length PARP2 was used to prepare the complex, but only the WGR domain showed density in the map.all0MULTIPLE SOURCES
2histoneCOMPLEX#3-#61RECOMBINANT
3DNACOMPLEX#1-#21RECOMBINANT
4PARP2COMPLEX#71RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.554959 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
12Homo sapiens (human)9606
23synthetic construct (others)32630
34Homo sapiens (human)9606
Source (recombinant)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
12Escherichia coli (E. coli)562
23Escherichia coli (E. coli)562
34Escherichi coli562
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
Details: Buffer was pH-adjusted and filtered through a 0.22 um filter.
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
120 mMTris1
210 mMsodium chlorideNaCl1
31 mMethylenediaminetetraacetic acid1
41 mMdithiotreitol1
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid material: COPPER / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 95 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K / Details: Blot time 2s, blot force 0

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Tecnai F30 / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TECNAI F30
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: OTHER
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Alignment procedure: COMA FREE
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN
Specimen holder model: GATAN 626 SINGLE TILT LIQUID NITROGEN CRYO TRANSFER HOLDER
Image recordingAverage exposure time: 4 sec. / Electron dose: 56.1 e/Å2 / Detector mode: COUNTING / Film or detector model: GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 / Num. of real images: 632
Image scansMovie frames/image: 40 / Used frames/image: 1-40

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Processing

Software
NameVersionClassification
phenix.real_space_refine1.17_3644refinement
PHENIX1.17_3644refinement
EM software
IDNameVersionCategoryDetails
2SerialEMimage acquisition
4Gctf1.06CTF correctionRun from within RELION
7UCSF Chimera1.13.1model fitting
9PHENIX1.17-3644model refinement
10RELION3initial Euler assignment
11RELION3final Euler assignment
12RELION3classification
13RELION33D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 226250
Details: Picked using crYOLO version 1.3.1 with a model trained on the same dataset (with the generic model provided with crYOLO used as pre-trained weights).
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C1 (asymmetric)
3D reconstructionResolution: 10.5 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 27889 / Num. of class averages: 1 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingProtocol: RIGID BODY FIT / Space: REAL / Target criteria: Real-space CC
Atomic model building

3D fitting-ID: 1 / Source name: PDB / Type: experimental model

IDPDB-IDPdb chain-IDAccession codeInitial refinement model-ID
16F5B

6f5b

A6F5B1
26F5B

6f5b

B6F5B1
35Y0C

5y0c

A5Y0C2
45Y0C

5y0c

B5Y0C2
55Y0C

5y0c

C5Y0C2
65Y0C

5y0c

D5Y0C2
75Y0C

5y0c

E5Y0C2
85Y0C

5y0c

F5Y0C2
95Y0C

5y0c

G5Y0C2
105Y0C

5y0c

H5Y0C2
116R1T

6r1t

I6R1T3
126R1T

6r1t

J6R1T3
RefinementCross valid method: NONE
Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2
Displacement parametersBiso mean: 224.79 Å2
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.014828749
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d1.937941563
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.09424685
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.02033066
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d26.836311846

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