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TitleDistinct Target Site of Lenacapavir in Immature HIV-1 and Concurrent Binding with the Maturation Inhibitor Bevirimat.
Journal, issue, pagesJ Am Chem Soc, Vol. 147, Issue 46, Page 42685-42700, Year 2025
Publish dateNov 19, 2025
AuthorsChunxiang Wu / Megan E Meuser / Juan S Rey / Hamed Meshkin / Rachel Yang / Swapnil C Devarkar / Christian Freniere / Jiong Shi / Christopher Aiken / Juan R Perilla / Yong Xiong /
PubMed AbstractHIV-1 inhibitors, such as bevirimat (BVM) and lenacapavir (LEN), significantly reduce the production and maturation of infectious virions. However, their mechanisms remain unclear due to the absence ...HIV-1 inhibitors, such as bevirimat (BVM) and lenacapavir (LEN), significantly reduce the production and maturation of infectious virions. However, their mechanisms remain unclear due to the absence of high-resolution structures for BVM in complex with the immature Gag lattice and LEN's structural data being limited to the mature capsid. Utilizing perforated virus-like particles (VLPs) produced from mammalian cells, we determined in situ cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of HIV-1 with inhibitors. This allowed for the first structural determination of the native immature HIV-1 particle with BVM and LEN bound inside the VLPs at high resolutions. Our findings demonstrate that LEN not only binds the mature capsid but also targets the immature lattice in a distinct manner. The binding of LEN induces a conformational change in the capsid protein (CA) region and alters the architecture of the Gag lattice, which may affect the maturation process. In addition, a more accurate model of BVM engaging the Gag lattice is revealed, one that is independent of LEN binding. These insights expand our understanding of the inhibitory mechanisms of LEN and BVM on HIV-1 and provide valuable clues for the design of future inhibitors.
External linksJ Am Chem Soc / PubMed:41198571 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.1 - 3.18 Å
Structure data

EMDB-45975, PDB-9cwv:
Gag CA-SP1 immature lattice from intact enveloped virus-like particles
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.42 Å

EMDB-46593, PDB-9d6c:
Gag CA-SP1 immature lattice bound with Lenacapavir and Bevirimat from enveloped virus like particles
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.1 Å

EMDB-46595, PDB-9d6e:
Gag CA-SP1 immature lattice bound with Bevirimat from enveloped virus like particles
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.09 Å

EMDB-46631, PDB-9d88:
Gag CA-SP1 immature lattice from enveloped and perforated virus like particles
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.18 Å

EMDB-47240, PDB-9dwd:
Gag CA-SP1 immature lattice bound with Lenacapavir from enveloped virus like particles (T8I)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.13 Å

EMDB-47475, PDB-9e39:
Gag CA-SP1 (T8I) immature lattice bound with Bevirimat from enveloped virus like particles
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.71 Å

EMDB-71417, PDB-9p9l:
Gag CA-SP1 immature lattice bound with Lenacapavir from enveloped virus like particles
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.28 Å

EMDB-71418, PDB-9p9m:
CA-SP1 immature lattice assembled in vitro with inhibitor lenacapavir (dialyzed to 50nM)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.93 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-IHP:
INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

ChemComp-QNG:
N-[(1S)-1-(3-{4-chloro-3-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl}-6-[3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl]pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl]-2-[(3bS,4aR)-5,5-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl]acetamide / medication, antiretroviral*YM

ChemComp-2I4:
3alpha-[(3-carboxy-3-methylbutanoyl)oxy]-8alpha,9beta,10alpha,13alpha,17alpha,19beta-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid

Source
  • human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group m subtype b (isolate hxb2)
  • human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (new york-5 isolate)
  • human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hbx2 isolate)
KeywordsVIRUS LIKE PARTICLE / Gag / CA-SP1 / HIV-1 / Inhibitor / virion assembly / VIRAL PROTEIN

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