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TitleStructural basis for the recruitment and selective phosphorylation of Akt by mTORC2.
Journal, issue, pagesScience, Vol. 391, Issue 6789, Page eadv7111, Year 2026
Publish dateMar 5, 2026
AuthorsMartin S Taylor / Maggie Chen / Matthew Hancock / Maximilian Wranik / Bryant D Miller / Timothy R O'Meara / Brad A Palanski / Scott B Ficarro / Brian J Groendyke / Yufei Xiang / Kazuma T Kondo / Karen Y Linde-Garelli / Michelle J Lee / Dibyendu Mondal / Daniel Freund / Samantha Congreve / Kaay Matas / Maximiliaan Hennink / Kera Xibinaku / Max L Valenstein / Trevor van Eeuwen / Jarrod A Marto / Andrej Sali / Yi Shi / Nathanael S Gray / David M Sabatini / Nam Chu / Kacper B Rogala / Philip A Cole /
PubMed AbstractThe mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein kinase forms two multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, that function in distinct signaling pathways. mTORC1 is regulated by nutrients, and ...The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein kinase forms two multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, that function in distinct signaling pathways. mTORC1 is regulated by nutrients, and mTORC2 is a central node in phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) and small guanosine triphosphate Ras signaling networks commonly deregulated in cancer and diabetes. Although mTOR phosphorylates many substrates in vitro, in cells, mTORC1 and mTORC2 have high specificity: mTORC2 phosphorylates the protein kinases Akt and PKC, but not closely related kinases that are mTORC1 substrates. To understand how mTORC2 recognizes substrates, we created semisynthetic probes to trap the mTORC2 :: Akt complex and determine its structure. Whereas most protein kinases recognize amino acids adjacent to the phosphorylation site, local sequence contributes little to substrate recognition by mTORC2. Instead, the specificity determinants were secondary and tertiary structural elements of Akt that bound the mTORC2 component mSin1 distal to the mTOR active site and were conserved among at least 18 related substrates. These results reveal how mTORC2 recognizes its canonical substrates and may enable the design of mTORC2-specific inhibitors.
External linksScience / PubMed:41308123 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.6 - 3.2 Å
Structure data

EMDB-73991, PDB-9zbj:
Cryo-EM structure of human apo mTORC2
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.2 Å

EMDB-73992, PDB-9zbk:
mTORC2 in complex with Akt1
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.6 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-ZN:
Unknown entry

PDB-1aid:
STRUCTURE OF A NON-PEPTIDE INHIBITOR COMPLEXED WITH HIV-1 PROTEASE: DEVELOPING A CYCLE OF STRUCTURE-BASED DRUG DESIGN

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
KeywordsTRANSFERASE / cellular growth control / Torin

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