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TitleStructural, Mechanistic and Phylogenetic Insights Into a Freshwater Actinorhodopsin.
Journal, issue, pagesJ Mol Biol, Vol. 438, Issue 9, Page 169725, Year 2026
Publish dateFeb 18, 2026
AuthorsNadia Djabeur / Jean-Marc Jeckelmann / Nooraldeen Ayoub / Daniel Harder / Dimitrios Fotiadis /
PubMed AbstractActinorhodopsins represent a unique subgroup of microbial rhodopsins, predominantly found in non-marine Actinobacteria and proposed to contribute to the global energy cycle. Despite their ecological ...Actinorhodopsins represent a unique subgroup of microbial rhodopsins, predominantly found in non-marine Actinobacteria and proposed to contribute to the global energy cycle. Despite their ecological significance, structural information on this family has remained scarce. Here, we present the high-resolution three-dimensional structure of the pentameric actinorhodopsin RlActR from the actinobacterium Rhodoluna lacicola, as determined by cryo-electron microscopy and single-particle 3D reconstruction. The structure provides molecular insights into key functional amino acid residues involved in retinal cofactor binding and the proton translocation pathway. In addition to describing the organization of the retinal Schiff base region, we present a comparative analysis of this region in RlActR and in prototypical microbial rhodopsins from two distinct phyla, namely, the green-light-absorbing proteorhodopsin from Bacteria and bacteriorhodopsin from Archaea. We also describe the amino acid interactions at the oligomerization interface that stabilize the pentamer. Furthermore, the structure reveals a pentameric architecture with a lipid-filled central cavity and lipid-occupied, membrane-facing interprotomer crevices, further highlighting molecular interactions that stabilize the assembly. Phylogenetic analysis and structural comparisons with selected microbial rhodopsins exhibiting light-driven proton-pumping activity position RlActR within a distinct group of proton-pumping rhodopsins, underscoring its evolutionary and functional relevance.
External linksJ Mol Biol / PubMed:41720298
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.84 Å
Structure data

52114

9hfk

EMDB-52114, PDB-9hfk:
Cryo-EM structure of the freshwater actinorhodopsin, Rhodoluna lacicola (RlActR)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.84 Å

Chemicals

PDB-1inb:
Unknown entry

PDB-1ivo:
Crystal Structure of the Complex of Human Epidermal Growth Factor and Receptor Extracellular Domains.

PDB-1inc:
CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF THE COMPLEX OF PORCINE PANCREATIC ELASTASE WITH TWO VALINE-DERIVED BENZOXAZINONE INHIBITORS

ChemComp-RET:
RETINAL

Source
  • rhodoluna lacicola (bacteria)
KeywordsPROTON TRANSPORT / bacterial / rhodopsin / fresh-water / proton transporter

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