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Title	Structural basis of the bacterial flagellar motor rotational switching.
Journal, issue, pages	Cell Res, Vol. 34, Issue 11, Page 788-801, Year 2024
Publish date	Aug 23, 2024
Authors	Jiaxing Tan / Ling Zhang / Xingtong Zhou / Siyu Han / Yan Zhou / Yongqun Zhu /
PubMed Abstract	The bacterial flagellar motor is a huge bidirectional rotary nanomachine that drives rotation of the flagellum for bacterial motility. The cytoplasmic C ring of the flagellar motor functions as the ...The bacterial flagellar motor is a huge bidirectional rotary nanomachine that drives rotation of the flagellum for bacterial motility. The cytoplasmic C ring of the flagellar motor functions as the switch complex for the rotational direction switching from counterclockwise to clockwise. However, the structural basis of the rotational switching and how the C ring is assembled have long remained elusive. Here, we present two high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of the C ring-containing flagellar basal body-hook complex from Salmonella Typhimurium, which are in the default counterclockwise state and in a constitutively active CheY mutant-induced clockwise state, respectively. In both complexes, the C ring consists of four subrings, but is in two different conformations. The CheY proteins are bound into an open groove between two adjacent protomers on the surface of the middle subring of the C ring and interact with the FliG and FliM subunits. The binding of the CheY protein induces a significant upward shift of the C ring towards the MS ring and inward movements of its protomers towards the motor center, which eventually remodels the structures of the FliG subunits and reverses the orientations and surface electrostatic potential of the α helices to trigger the counterclockwise-to-clockwise rotational switching. The conformational changes of the FliG subunits reveal that the stator units on the motor require a relocation process in the inner membrane during the rotational switching. This study provides unprecedented molecular insights into the rotational switching mechanism and a detailed overall structural view of the bacterial flagellar motors.
External links	Cell Res / PubMed:39179739 / PubMed Central
Methods	EM (single particle)
Resolution	2.75 - 7.4 Å
Structure data	37547 8wht EMDB-37547, PDB-8wht: Cryo-EM structure of the LP ring within the flagellar motor-hook complex in the CW state Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.75 Å 37570 8wiw EMDB-37570, PDB-8wiw: Cryo-EM structure of the flagellar C ring in the CW state Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 5.6 Å 37590 8wjr EMDB-37590, PDB-8wjr: Cryo-EM structure of the MS ring (C34) within the flagellar motor-hook complex in the CW state Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.9 Å 37594 8wk3 EMDB-37594, PDB-8wk3: Cryo-EM structure of the proximal rod-export apparatus and FlgF within the motor-hook complex in the CW state Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.3 Å 37595 8wk4 EMDB-37595, PDB-8wk4: Cryo-EM structure of the MS ring with FlgB and FliE within the flagellar motor-hook complex in the CW state. Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.7 Å 37600 8wki EMDB-37600, PDB-8wki: Cryo-EM structure of the distal rod-hook within the flagellar motor-hook complex in the CW state. Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.3 Å 37601 8wkk EMDB-37601, PDB-8wkk: Cryo-EM structure of the whole rod with export apparatus and hook within the flagellar motor-hook complex in the CW state. Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.3 Å 37605 8wkq EMDB-37605, PDB-8wkq: Cryo-EM structure of the MS ring (C1) with export apparatus and proximal rod within the flagellar motor-hook complex in the CW state. Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.8 Å 37611 8wl2 EMDB-37611, PDB-8wl2: Cryo-EM structure of the membrane-anchored part of the flagellar motor-hook complex in the CW state. Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.4 Å 37618 8wle EMDB-37618, PDB-8wle: Cryo-EM structure of the LP ring within the flagellar motor-hook complex in the CCW state. Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.0 Å 37619 8wlh EMDB-37619, PDB-8wlh: Cryo-EM structure of the proximal rod-export apparatus and FlgF within the motor-hook complex in the CCW state Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.7 Å 37620 8wli EMDB-37620, PDB-8wli: Cryo-EM structure of the MS ring (C34) within the flagellar motor-hook complex in the CCW state Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.2 Å 37625 8wln EMDB-37625, PDB-8wln: Cryo-EM structure of the MS ring with export apparatus and proximal rod within the motor-hook complex in the CCW state Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.3 Å 37627 8wlp EMDB-37627, PDB-8wlp: Cryo-EM structure of the distal rod-hook within the flagellar motor-hook complex in the CCW state. Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.8 Å 37628 8wlq EMDB-37628, PDB-8wlq: Cryo-EM structure of the whole rod-export apparatus with hook within the flagellar motor-hook complex in the CCW state. Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.8 Å 37630 8wlt EMDB-37630, PDB-8wlt: Cryo-EM structure of the membrane-anchored part of the flagellar motor-hook complex in the CCW state Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.1 Å 37679 8wo5 EMDB-37679, PDB-8wo5: Cryo-EM structure of the intact flagellar motor-hook complex in the CCW state Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 7.4 Å 37684 8woe EMDB-37684, PDB-8woe: Cryo-EM structure of the intact flagellar motor-hook complex in the CW state Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.3 Å 38546 8xp0 EMDB-38546, PDB-8xp0: Cryo-EM structure of the protomers of the C ring in the CCW state Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.0 Å 38547 8xp1 EMDB-38547, PDB-8xp1: Cryo-EM structure of the protomers of the C ring in the CW state Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.4 Å 39349 8yjt EMDB-39349, PDB-8yjt: Cryo-EM structure of the flagellar C ring in the CCW state Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 5.9 Å
Source	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium str. lt2 (bacteria)
Keywords	MOTOR PROTEIN / Flagellum / Flagellar motor / LP ring / C ring / Switch complex / MS ring / Proximal rod / Export apparatus / FlgF / Rod / Hook / CheY / motor / rotation / FliF / FliG / FliM / FliN