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Structure paper

TitleStructural insights into the Thermus thermophilus type IV pilus machinery assembling two distinct pili.
Journal, issue, pagesCommun Biol, Vol. 9, Issue 1, Year 2026
Publish dateMar 31, 2026
AuthorsAlexander Neuhaus / Mathew McLaren / Michail N Isupov / Matthew Gaines / Emma Buzzard / Mateusz Sikora / Cyril Hanus / Bertram Daum / Beate Averhoff / Vicki A M Gold /
PubMed AbstractType IV pili are long, filamentous structures that extend from bacterial cell surfaces, enabling cells to respond to changing environments and facilitating genome plasticity. Thermus thermophilus ...Type IV pili are long, filamentous structures that extend from bacterial cell surfaces, enabling cells to respond to changing environments and facilitating genome plasticity. Thermus thermophilus HB27 produces two different type IV pili, each exhibiting distinct structural and functional properties. Here, we combine cryo-electron tomography, mutagenesis, and AlphaFold predictions to generate hypothetical in situ models of the T. thermophilus type IV pilus assembly machinery. Using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, we determine structures of both filament types, enabling modelling of their surface glycans. Molecular dynamics simulations further reveal the flexibility of these glycans on extrusion. Integration of the filament structures with our hypothetical model of the assembly machinery offers a framework for further dissecting T4P architecture and biogenesis.
External linksCommun Biol / PubMed:41917195 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (helical sym.) / EM (subtomogram averaging)
Resolution2.4 - 180.0 Å
Structure data

18588

8qqd

EMDB-18588, PDB-8qqd:
CryoEM structure of the type IV pilin PilA4 from Thermus thermophilus
Method: EM (helical sym.) / Resolution: 2.4 Å

18593

8qqj

EMDB-18593, PDB-8qqj:
CryoEM structure of the type IV pilin PilA5 from Thermus thermophilus
Method: EM (helical sym.) / Resolution: 2.63 Å

EMDB-56468: Structure of the type IV pilus machinery from Thermus thermophilus in the open state (C13 symmetry)
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 115.0 Å

EMDB-56469: Structure of the type IV pilus machinery from Thermus thermophilus in the open state (C6 symmetry)
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 180.0 Å

EMDB-56470: Structure of the type IV pilus machinery from Thermus thermophilus in the closed state (C13 symmetry)
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 66.0 Å

EMDB-56471: Structure of the type IV pilus machinery from Thermus thermophilus in the closed state (C6 symmetry)
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 140.0 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-A2G:
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

Source
  • thermus thermophilus hb27 (bacteria)
  • thermus thermophilus (bacteria)
KeywordsPROTEIN FIBRIL / Type IV pilin glycosylation / twitching motility

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