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TitleAxonemal structures reveal mechanoregulatory and disease mechanisms.
Journal, issue, pagesNature, Vol. 618, Issue 7965, Page 625-633, Year 2023
Publish dateMay 31, 2023
AuthorsTravis Walton / Miao Gui / Simona Velkova / Mahmoud R Fassad / Robert A Hirst / Eric Haarman / Christopher O'Callaghan / Mathieu Bottier / Thomas Burgoyne / Hannah M Mitchison / Alan Brown /
PubMed AbstractMotile cilia and flagella beat rhythmically on the surface of cells to power the flow of fluid and to enable spermatozoa and unicellular eukaryotes to swim. In humans, defective ciliary motility can ...Motile cilia and flagella beat rhythmically on the surface of cells to power the flow of fluid and to enable spermatozoa and unicellular eukaryotes to swim. In humans, defective ciliary motility can lead to male infertility and a congenital disorder called primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), in which impaired clearance of mucus by the cilia causes chronic respiratory infections. Ciliary movement is generated by the axoneme, a molecular machine consisting of microtubules, ATP-powered dynein motors and regulatory complexes. The size and complexity of the axoneme has so far prevented the development of an atomic model, hindering efforts to understand how it functions. Here we capitalize on recent developments in artificial intelligence-enabled structure prediction and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the structure of the 96-nm modular repeats of axonemes from the flagella of the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and human respiratory cilia. Our atomic models provide insights into the conservation and specialization of axonemes, the interconnectivity between dyneins and their regulators, and the mechanisms that maintain axonemal periodicity. Correlated conformational changes in mechanoregulatory complexes with their associated axonemal dynein motors provide a mechanism for the long-hypothesized mechanotransduction pathway to regulate ciliary motility. Structures of respiratory-cilia doublet microtubules from four individuals with PCD reveal how the loss of individual docking factors can selectively eradicate periodically repeating structures.
External linksNature / PubMed:37258679 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.1 - 12.7 Å
Structure data

35888

8j07

EMDB-35888, PDB-8j07:
96nm repeat of human respiratory doublet microtubule and associated axonemal complexes
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.1 Å

EMDB-36891: 96nm repeat of human respiratory doublet microtubule, IDAf local refined
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 12.7 Å

EMDB-36895: Consensus map of 96nm repeat of human respiratory doublet microtubule, RS3 region
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.1 Å

40220

8glv

EMDB-40220, PDB-8glv:
96-nm repeat unit of doublet microtubules from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagella
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.1 Å

EMDB-41271: Consensus map of 96nm repeat of human respiratory doublet microtubule, RS1-2 region
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 4.1 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-GTP:
GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / GTP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

ChemComp-GDP:
GUANOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / GDP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • human (human)
  • chlamydomonas reinhardtii (plant)
KeywordsMOTOR PROTEIN / cilia / microtubule / dynein / STRUCTURAL PROTEIN

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