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- PDB-9w0p: CryoEM structure of T2R14 in complex with chlorhexidine and heter... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9w0p
TitleCryoEM structure of T2R14 in complex with chlorhexidine and heterotrimeric G protein complex
Components
  • Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
  • Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
  • Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
  • Soluble cytochrome b562,Taste receptor type 2 member 14
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / G protein-coupled receptor / Bitter taste receptor 14 / Bitter taste receptor 46 / ligand binding / signal transduction
Function / homology
Function and homology information


bitter taste receptor activity / taste receptor activity / detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste / Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors) / adenylate cyclase inhibitor activity / positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex / T cell migration / positive regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle / Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway / D2 dopamine receptor binding ...bitter taste receptor activity / taste receptor activity / detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste / Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors) / adenylate cyclase inhibitor activity / positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex / T cell migration / positive regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle / Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway / D2 dopamine receptor binding / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway / G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding / cellular response to forskolin / regulation of mitotic spindle organization / chemokine-mediated signaling pathway / Regulation of insulin secretion / neuropeptide signaling pathway / response to prostaglandin E / electron transport chain / positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process / negative regulation of insulin secretion / G protein-coupled receptor binding / response to peptide hormone / G protein-coupled receptor activity / centriolar satellite / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / photoreceptor disc membrane / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / GDP binding / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / GPER1 signaling / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / G-protein beta-subunit binding / extracellular vesicle / sensory perception of taste / sperm principal piece / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / retina development in camera-type eye / GTPase binding / fibroblast proliferation / G protein activity / midbody / Ca2+ pathway / cell cortex / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / G alpha (i) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (q) signalling events / Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement / Ras protein signal transduction / periplasmic space / electron transfer activity / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / cell population proliferation / ciliary basal body / iron ion binding / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / cell division / lysosomal membrane / GTPase activity / heme binding / centrosome / synapse / GTP binding / protein-containing complex binding / nucleolus / magnesium ion binding
Similarity search - Function
Taste receptor type 2 / Taste receptor protein (TAS2R) / Cytochrome b562 / Cytochrome b562 / Cytochrome c/b562 / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G protein alpha subunit / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G-protein alpha subunit ...Taste receptor type 2 / Taste receptor protein (TAS2R) / Cytochrome b562 / Cytochrome b562 / Cytochrome c/b562 / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G protein alpha subunit / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Chem-XC9 / Soluble cytochrome b562 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 / Taste receptor type 2 member 14
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.6 Å
AuthorsTan, Q. / Yu, Y. / Han, X. / Zhao, Q. / Wu, B.
Funding support China, 4items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Science Foundation (NSF, China)2022YFA1302900 China
National Science Foundation (NSF, China)82121005 China
National Science Foundation (NSF, China)XDB37030100 China
Chinese Academy of SciencesJCYJ-SHFY-2021-008 China
CitationJournal: Nat Struct Mol Biol / Year: 2026
Title: Ligand binding modes of the bitter taste receptor T2R14 and T2R46.
Authors: Qiuxiang Tan / Yu Yu / Xuteng Han / Kezhen Liu / Shuo Han / Mu Wang / Yuan Wei / Yingrong Zhu / Qiuru Chen / Limin Ma / Cuiying Yi / Xiaojing Chu / Beili Wu / Qiang Zhao /
Abstract: Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are considered attractive drug targets. However, the ligand recognition and selectivity of these receptors remain elusive, hampering their drug development. Here we ...Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are considered attractive drug targets. However, the ligand recognition and selectivity of these receptors remain elusive, hampering their drug development. Here we present seven structures of human T2R14 and T2R46 in apo or ligand-bound state. Combined with molecular docking and mutagenesis data, the structures reveal an extracellular ligand-binding site in T2R14 for most of its ligands, which is different from the intracellular binding site reported recently. In contrast, T2R46 exhibits a conserved binding pocket that accommodates various ligands with distinct interaction patterns. Furthermore, the second extracellular loop in T2R14 and T2R46 acts as a tethered agonist to potentially facilitate agonist response of these two receptors to the weak tastant agonists. These findings could accelerate drug discovery targeting T2Rs.
History
DepositionJul 24, 2025Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBC
Revision 1.0Apr 22, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
B: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
C: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
R: Soluble cytochrome b562,Taste receptor type 2 member 14
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)142,1395
Polymers141,6334
Non-polymers5051
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 / Adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G alpha protein


Mass: 40458.102 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Mutation: S47N, G202T, G203A, E245A, A326S
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: GNAI1 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
References: UniProt: P63096, Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement
#2: Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Transducin beta chain 1


Mass: 38744.371 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: GNB1 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: P62873
#3: Protein Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / G gamma-I


Mass: 7861.143 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: GNG2 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: P59768
#4: Protein Soluble cytochrome b562,Taste receptor type 2 member 14 / Cytochrome b-562 / T2R14 / Taste receptor family B member 1 / TRB1


Mass: 54569.516 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli), (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human)
Gene: cybC, TAS2R14 / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) / References: UniProt: P0ABE7, UniProt: Q9NYV8
#5: Chemical ChemComp-XC9 / 1-[6-[azanylidene-[[azanylidene-[[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methyl]-$l^{4}-azanyl]methyl]-$l^{4}-azanyl]hexyl]-3-[~{N}-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidoyl]guanidine


Mass: 505.447 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C22H30Cl2N10 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: The T2R14 / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#4 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 10 kDa/nm / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
21Homo sapiens (human)9606
31Escherichia coli (E. coli)562
Source (recombinant)Organism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
Buffer componentConc.: 2.0 mg/ml / Name: sodium chloride / Formula: 150mM
SpecimenConc.: 2 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES / Details: This sample was monodisperse
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 298 K / Details: blot for 1s

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Tecnai F30 / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TECNAI F30
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 800 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / Alignment procedure: BASIC
Image recordingAverage exposure time: 2 sec. / Electron dose: 60 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 2 / Num. of real images: 9856 / Details: Images were collected in movie-mode

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1RELION3particle selection
4Gctfv1.06CTF correction
12RELION3classification
13RELION33D reconstruction
Image processingDetails: The selected images were 20eV using GIF-Quantum LS Imaging energy filter
CTF correctionType: NONE
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 6184568
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.6 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 2067338 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingB value: 43.86 / Space: REAL
Atomic model buildingPDB-ID: 4NXW

4nxw


Accession code: 4NXW / Source name: PDB / Type: experimental model
RefinementHighest resolution: 3.6 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.0026852
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.5449299
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d3.963939
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0381098
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0031162

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