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- EMDB-65511: CryoEM structure of T2R14 in complex with chlorhexidine and heter... -

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Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-65511
TitleCryoEM structure of T2R14 in complex with chlorhexidine and heterotrimeric G protein complex
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: The T2R14
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: Soluble cytochrome b562,Taste receptor type 2 member 14
  • Ligand: 1-[6-[azanylidene-[[azanylidene-[[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methyl]-$l^{4}-azanyl]methyl]-$l^{4}-azanyl]hexyl]-3-[~{N}-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidoyl]guanidine
KeywordsG protein-coupled receptor / Bitter taste receptor 14 / Bitter taste receptor 46 / ligand binding / signal transduction / MEMBRANE PROTEIN
Function / homology
Function and homology information


bitter taste receptor activity / taste receptor activity / detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste / Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors) / regulation of eating behavior / adenylate cyclase inhibitor activity / T cell migration / positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex / positive regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle / Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway ...bitter taste receptor activity / taste receptor activity / detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste / Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors) / regulation of eating behavior / adenylate cyclase inhibitor activity / T cell migration / positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex / positive regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle / Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway / D2 dopamine receptor binding / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway / G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding / cellular response to forskolin / regulation of mitotic spindle organization / mast cell degranulation / chemokine-mediated signaling pathway / electron transport chain / neuropeptide signaling pathway / Regulation of insulin secretion / response to prostaglandin E / positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process / G protein-coupled receptor binding / response to peptide hormone / G protein-coupled receptor activity / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / GDP binding / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / photoreceptor disc membrane / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / GPER1 signaling / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / G-protein beta-subunit binding / extracellular vesicle / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / GTPase binding / G protein activity / midbody / Ca2+ pathway / cell cortex / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / G alpha (i) signalling events / ciliary basal body / G alpha (s) signalling events / G alpha (q) signalling events / Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement / Ras protein signal transduction / electron transfer activity / periplasmic space / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / iron ion binding / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / cell division / lysosomal membrane / GTPase activity / heme binding / centrosome / synapse / GTP binding / protein-containing complex binding / magnesium ion binding / signal transduction / extracellular exosome / membrane / nucleus / plasma membrane / cytosol / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
Taste receptor type 2 / Taste receptor protein (TAS2R) / Cytochrome b562 / Cytochrome b562 / Cytochrome c/b562 / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G protein alpha subunit / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G-protein alpha subunit ...Taste receptor type 2 / Taste receptor protein (TAS2R) / Cytochrome b562 / Cytochrome b562 / Cytochrome c/b562 / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G protein alpha subunit / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Soluble cytochrome b562 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 / Taste receptor type 2 member 14
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.6 Å
AuthorsTan Q / Yu Y / Han X / Zhao Q / Wu B
Funding support China, 4 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Science Foundation (NSF, China)2022YFA1302900 China
National Science Foundation (NSF, China)82121005 China
National Science Foundation (NSF, China)XDB37030100 China
Chinese Academy of SciencesJCYJ-SHFY-2021-008 China
CitationJournal: Nat Struct Mol Biol / Year: 2026
Title: Ligand binding modes of the bitter taste receptor T2R14 and T2R46.
Authors: Qiuxiang Tan / Yu Yu / Xuteng Han / Kezhen Liu / Shuo Han / Mu Wang / Yuan Wei / Yingrong Zhu / Qiuru Chen / Limin Ma / Cuiying Yi / Xiaojing Chu / Beili Wu / Qiang Zhao /
Abstract: Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are considered attractive drug targets. However, the ligand recognition and selectivity of these receptors remain elusive, hampering their drug development. Here we ...Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are considered attractive drug targets. However, the ligand recognition and selectivity of these receptors remain elusive, hampering their drug development. Here we present seven structures of human T2R14 and T2R46 in apo or ligand-bound state. Combined with molecular docking and mutagenesis data, the structures reveal an extracellular ligand-binding site in T2R14 for most of its ligands, which is different from the intracellular binding site reported recently. In contrast, T2R46 exhibits a conserved binding pocket that accommodates various ligands with distinct interaction patterns. Furthermore, the second extracellular loop in T2R14 and T2R46 acts as a tethered agonist to potentially facilitate agonist response of these two receptors to the weak tastant agonists. These findings could accelerate drug discovery targeting T2Rs.
History
DepositionJul 24, 2025-
Header (metadata) releaseApr 22, 2026-
Map releaseApr 22, 2026-
UpdateMay 6, 2026-
Current statusMay 6, 2026Processing site: PDBc / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_65511.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_65511.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 64 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

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AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.07 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 274.176 Å		1.07 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 274.176 Å		1.07 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 274.176 Å

Surface

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Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.071 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.584
Minimum - Maximum-3.5145416 - 5.498621
Average (Standard dev.)-0.002515044 (±0.084732346)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions256256256
Spacing256256256
CellA=B=C: 274.176 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_65511_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
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Half map: #1

Fileemd_65511_half_map_2.map
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Sample components

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Entire : The T2R14

EntireName: The T2R14
Components
  • Complex: The T2R14
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: Soluble cytochrome b562,Taste receptor type 2 member 14
  • Ligand: 1-[6-[azanylidene-[[azanylidene-[[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methyl]-$l^{4}-azanyl]methyl]-$l^{4}-azanyl]hexyl]-3-[~{N}-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidoyl]guanidine

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Supramolecule #1: The T2R14

SupramoleculeName: The T2R14 / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#4
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 10 kDa/nm

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Macromolecule #1: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
EC number: Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 40.458102 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MGCTLSAEDK AAVERSKMID RNLREDGEKA AREVKLLLLG AGESGKNTIV KQMKIIHEAG YSEEECKQYK AVVYSNTIQS IIAIIRAMG RLKIDFGDSA RADDARQLFV LAGAAEEGFM TAELAGVIKR LWKDSGVQAC FNRSREYQLN DSAAYYLNDL D RIAQPNYI ...String:
MGCTLSAEDK AAVERSKMID RNLREDGEKA AREVKLLLLG AGESGKNTIV KQMKIIHEAG YSEEECKQYK AVVYSNTIQS IIAIIRAMG RLKIDFGDSA RADDARQLFV LAGAAEEGFM TAELAGVIKR LWKDSGVQAC FNRSREYQLN DSAAYYLNDL D RIAQPNYI PTQQDVLRTR VKTTGIVETH FTFKDLHFKM FDVTAQRSER KKWIHCFEGV TAIIFCVALS DYDLVLAEDE EM NRMHASM KLFDSICNNK WFTDTSIILF LNKKDLFEEK IKKSPLTICY PEYAGSNTYE EAAAYIQCQF EDLNKRKDTK EIY THFTCS TDTKNVQFVF DAVTDVIIKN NLKDCGLF

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1

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Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 38.744371 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MHHHHHHGSL LQSELDQLRQ EAEQLKNQIR DARKACADAT LSQITNNIDP VGRIQMRTRR TLRGHLAKIY AMHWGTDSRL LVSASQDGK LIIWDSYTTN KVHAIPLRSS WVMTCAYAPS GNYVACGGLD NICSIYNLKT REGNVRVSRE LAGHTGYLSC C RFLDDNQI ...String:
MHHHHHHGSL LQSELDQLRQ EAEQLKNQIR DARKACADAT LSQITNNIDP VGRIQMRTRR TLRGHLAKIY AMHWGTDSRL LVSASQDGK LIIWDSYTTN KVHAIPLRSS WVMTCAYAPS GNYVACGGLD NICSIYNLKT REGNVRVSRE LAGHTGYLSC C RFLDDNQI VTSSGDTTCA LWDIETGQQT TTFTGHTGDV MSLSLAPDTR LFVSGACDAS AKLWDVREGM CRQTFTGHES DI NAICFFP NGNAFATGSD DATCRLFDLR ADQELMTYSH DNIICGITSV SFSKSGRLLL AGYDDFNCNV WDALKADRAG VLA GHDNRV SCLGVTDDGM AVATGSWDSF LKIWN

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 7.861143 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString:
MASNNTASIA QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP FREKKFFCAI L

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

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Macromolecule #4: Soluble cytochrome b562,Taste receptor type 2 member 14

MacromoleculeName: Soluble cytochrome b562,Taste receptor type 2 member 14
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 54.569516 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MKTIIALSYI FCLVFADYKD DDADLEDNWE TLNDNLKVIE KADNAAQVKD ALTKMRAAAL DAQKATPPKL EDKSPDSPEM KDFRHGFDI LVGQIDDALK LANEGKVKEA QAAAEQLKTT RNAYIQKYLM GGVIKSIFTF VLIVEFIIGN LGNSFIALVN C IDWVKGRK ...String:
MKTIIALSYI FCLVFADYKD DDADLEDNWE TLNDNLKVIE KADNAAQVKD ALTKMRAAAL DAQKATPPKL EDKSPDSPEM KDFRHGFDI LVGQIDDALK LANEGKVKEA QAAAEQLKTT RNAYIQKYLM GGVIKSIFTF VLIVEFIIGN LGNSFIALVN C IDWVKGRK ISSVDRILTA LAISRISLVW LIFGSWCVSV FFPALFATEK MFRMLTNIWT VINHFSVWLA TGLGTFYFLK IA NFSNSIF LYLKWRVKKV VLVLLLVTSV FLFLNIALIN IHINASINGY RRNKTCSSDS SNFTRFSSLI VLTSTVFIFI PFT LSLAMF LLLIFSMWKH RKKMQHTVKI SGDASTKAHR GVKSVITFFL LYAIFSLSFF ISVWTSERLE ENLIILSQVM GMAY PSCHS CVLILGNKKL RQASLSVLLW LRYMFKDGEP SGHKEFRESS EFLEVLFQGP WSHPQFEKGG GSGGGSGGSA WSHPQ FEK

UniProtKB: Soluble cytochrome b562, Taste receptor type 2 member 14

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Macromolecule #5: 1-[6-[azanylidene-[[azanylidene-[[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methyl]-$...

MacromoleculeName: 1-[6-[azanylidene-[[azanylidene-[[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methyl]-$l^{4}-azanyl]methyl]-$l^{4}-azanyl]hexyl]-3-[~{N}-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidoyl]guanidine
type: ligand / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: XC9
Molecular weightTheoretical: 505.447 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-XC9:
1-[6-[azanylidene-[[azanylidene-[[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methyl]-$l^{4}-azanyl]methyl]-$l^{4}-azanyl]hexyl]-3-[~{N}-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamimidoyl]guanidine

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

Concentration2.0 mg/mL
BufferpH: 7.5 / Component - Concentration: 2.0 mg/ml / Component - Formula: 150mM / Component - Name: sodium chloride
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 298 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Details: blot for 1s.
DetailsThis sample was monodisperse

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TECNAI F30
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Number grids imaged: 2 / Number real images: 9856 / Average exposure time: 2.0 sec. / Average electron dose: 60.0 e/Å2 / Details: Images were collected in movie-mode
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.7 mm / Nominal defocus max: 1.5 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.8 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Tecnai F30 / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

DetailsThe selected images were 20eV using GIF-Quantum LS Imaging energy filter
Particle selectionNumber selected: 6184568
CTF correctionSoftware - Name: Gctf (ver. v1.06) / Type: NONE
Startup modelType of model: PDB ENTRY
PDB model - PDB ID:

4nxw


Details: 6OIJ for G protein
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.6 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 3.0) / Number images used: 2067338
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Final angle assignmentType: NOT APPLICABLE
Final 3D classificationSoftware - Name: RELION (ver. 3.0)

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Atomic model buiding 1

Initial modelPDB ID:

4nxw


Chain - Source name: PDB / Chain - Initial model type: experimental model
RefinementSpace: REAL / Overall B value: 43.86
Output model

PDB-9w0p:
CryoEM structure of T2R14 in complex with chlorhexidine and heterotrimeric G protein complex

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