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- PDB-9tlg: Structure of human prothrombinase with meizothrombin -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9tlg
TitleStructure of human prothrombinase with meizothrombin
Components
  • (Coagulation factor V ...) x 2
  • (Prothrombin) x 2
  • Activated factor Xa heavy chain
  • Coagulation factor X
KeywordsBLOOD CLOTTING / prothrombinase / factor Va / factor Xa / meizothrombin
Function / homology
Function and homology information


response to vitamin K / coagulation factor Xa / platelet alpha granule / Cargo concentration in the ER / Defective factor IX causes thrombophilia / Defective cofactor function of FVIIIa variant / Defective F9 variant does not activate FX / COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle / : / COPII-mediated vesicle transport ...response to vitamin K / coagulation factor Xa / platelet alpha granule / Cargo concentration in the ER / Defective factor IX causes thrombophilia / Defective cofactor function of FVIIIa variant / Defective F9 variant does not activate FX / COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle / : / COPII-mediated vesicle transport / blood circulation / negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation / : / thrombospondin receptor activity / thrombin / thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway / Defective factor XII causes hereditary angioedema / regulation of blood coagulation / neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium / positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / Defective F8 cleavage by thrombin / Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation) / positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process / negative regulation of platelet activation / negative regulation of blood coagulation / negative regulation of fibrinolysis / positive regulation of blood coagulation / negative regulation of proteolysis / positive regulation of TOR signaling / Transport of gamma-carboxylated protein precursors from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus / : / Gamma-carboxylation of protein precursors / Removal of aminoterminal propeptides from gamma-carboxylated proteins / fibrinolysis / regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration / : / negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response / endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane / platelet alpha granule lumen / Regulation of Complement cascade / positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol / positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT / acute-phase response / Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall / Peptide ligand-binding receptors / growth factor activity / Post-translational protein phosphorylation / response to wounding / lipopolysaccharide binding / platelet activation / positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus / phospholipid binding / Golgi lumen / Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) / positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process / blood coagulation / Platelet degranulation / heparin binding / extracellular vesicle / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / Dengue Virus-Host Interactions / antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide / blood microparticle / extracellular matrix / G alpha (q) signalling events / cell surface receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of cell migration / endoplasmic reticulum lumen / receptor ligand activity / copper ion binding / serine-type endopeptidase activity / external side of plasma membrane / signaling receptor binding / calcium ion binding / proteolysis / : / extracellular exosome / extracellular region / membrane / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Coagulation factor 5/8-like / : / Multicopper oxidases, conserved site / Multicopper oxidases signature 1. / Coagulation factors 5/8 type C domain (FA58C) signature 2. / Coagulation factors 5/8 type C domain (FA58C) signature 1. / Coagulation factor 5/8 C-terminal domain, discoidin domain / Coagulation factors 5/8 type C domain (FA58C) profile. / Peptidase S1A, coagulation factor VII/IX/X/C/Z / : ...Coagulation factor 5/8-like / : / Multicopper oxidases, conserved site / Multicopper oxidases signature 1. / Coagulation factors 5/8 type C domain (FA58C) signature 2. / Coagulation factors 5/8 type C domain (FA58C) signature 1. / Coagulation factor 5/8 C-terminal domain, discoidin domain / Coagulation factors 5/8 type C domain (FA58C) profile. / Peptidase S1A, coagulation factor VII/IX/X/C/Z / : / Coagulation factor-like, Gla domain superfamily / F5/8 type C domain / Coagulation factor 5/8 C-terminal domain / Prothrombin/thrombin / Thrombin light chain / Thrombin light chain domain superfamily / : / Thrombin light chain / Multicopper oxidase, N-terminal / Multicopper oxidase / Coagulation Factor Xa inhibitory site / EGF-like domain / EGF-type aspartate/asparagine hydroxylation site / Kringle domain / Kringle / Kringle, conserved site / Kringle superfamily / Kringle domain signature. / Kringle domain profile. / Kringle domain / EGF-like calcium-binding, conserved site / Calcium-binding EGF-like domain signature. / Aspartic acid and asparagine hydroxylation site. / EGF-like calcium-binding domain / Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation/gamma-carboxyglutamic (GLA) domain / Calcium-binding EGF-like domain / Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (GLA) domain / Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (GLA) domain superfamily / Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation domain. / Gla domain profile. / Domain containing Gla (gamma-carboxyglutamate) residues. / Kringle-like fold / Epidermal growth factor-like domain. / EGF-like domain profile. / EGF-like domain signature 1. / Cupredoxin / EGF-like domain signature 2. / EGF-like domain / Galactose-binding-like domain superfamily / Serine proteases, trypsin family, histidine active site / Serine proteases, trypsin family, serine active site / Serine proteases, trypsin family, histidine active site. / Serine proteases, trypsin family, serine active site. / Peptidase S1A, chymotrypsin family / Serine proteases, trypsin domain profile. / Trypsin-like serine protease / Serine proteases, trypsin domain / Trypsin / Peptidase S1, PA clan, chymotrypsin-like fold / Peptidase S1, PA clan
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Prothrombin / Coagulation factor X / Coagulation factor V
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.1 Å
AuthorsFaille, A. / Ustok, F.I. / Warren, A. / Huntingon, J.A.
Funding support United Kingdom, 3items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
British Heart FoundationRG/16/9/32391 United Kingdom
British Heart FoundationPG/24/11721 United Kingdom
Cancer Research UKDRCNPG-Jun24/100002 United Kingdom
CitationJournal: EMBO J / Year: 2026
Title: Prothrombinase processivity is conferred by substrate allostery.
Authors: Fatma Işık Üstok / Alexandre Faille / Alan J Warren / James A Huntington /
Abstract: The prothrombinase complex, comprised of factor (f) Xa and fVa, converts prothrombin to thrombin through sequential cleavage at two sites in a rapid and processive manner. The molecular basis of ...The prothrombinase complex, comprised of factor (f) Xa and fVa, converts prothrombin to thrombin through sequential cleavage at two sites in a rapid and processive manner. The molecular basis of prothrombin processing is an enzymatical mystery that to solve requires structural insight into how the substrate and intermediate bind to prothrombinase. Here we present two 3.1 Å cryo-EM structures of prothrombinase bound to prothrombin and to meizothrombin. The prothrombin complex revealed a surprising interaction between the end of the heavy chain of fVa with exosite I of prothrombin, accounting for 70% of the contact interface. Triggering of the zymogen-to-protease conformational change following cleavage at Arg320 alters all domain-domain and fVa interactions observed for prothrombin, and results in a large-scale rearrangement of meizothrombin that presents the second cleavage site (Arg271) for processing. Together, these structures reveal a remarkable enzymatic mechanism that requires the active participation of the substrate itself, and introduces a new paradigm of 'substrate allostery'.
History
DepositionDec 10, 2025Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Aug 12, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Coagulation factor V heavy chain
B: Coagulation factor V light chain
H: Activated factor Xa heavy chain
L: Coagulation factor X
P: Prothrombin
Q: Prothrombin
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)267,09314
Polymers263,1426
Non-polymers3,9518
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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Coagulation factor V ... , 2 types, 2 molecules AB

#1: Protein Coagulation factor V heavy chain


Mass: 81514.578 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: F5 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P12259
#2: Protein Coagulation factor V light chain


Mass: 75283.008 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: F5 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P12259

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Protein , 4 types, 4 molecules HLPQ

#3: Protein Activated factor Xa heavy chain


Mass: 28773.916 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Mutation: E129N, S130E, T132K, K134D, N166H, K169M, S173D, I175R, S195A, A233R, D239K
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: F10 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P00742
#4: Protein Coagulation factor X / Stuart factor / Stuart-Prower factor


Mass: 12182.554 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Mutation: T85M, S90R, L91A, D92F, H101K, E102R, E103V, N105S
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Details: M17 construct with 17 mutations enhancing affinity towards factor V, first 85 residues truncated, catalytic mutation S195A
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: F10 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P00742, coagulation factor Xa
#5: Protein Prothrombin / Coagulation factor II / Meizothrombin fragment 1.2


Mass: 35623.961 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: F2 / Cell line (production host): HEK293 / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P00734, thrombin
#6: Protein Prothrombin / Meizothrombin catalytic domain


Mass: 29764.219 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Details: S195A mutation / Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: F2 / Cell line (production host): HEK293 / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P00734

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Sugars , 4 types, 5 molecules

#7: Polysaccharide beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta- ...beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 586.542 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/2,3,2/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5]/1-1-2/a4-b1_b4-c1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#8: Polysaccharide alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2- ...alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 910.823 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpa1-3[DManpa1-6]DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/3,5,4/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5][a1122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-2-3-3/a4-b1_b4-c1_c3-d1_c6-e1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{[(3+1)][a-D-Manp]{}[(6+1)][a-D-Manp]{}}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#9: Polysaccharide alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)-alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)-alpha-D- ...alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)-alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)-alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 1235.105 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpa1-6DManpa1-3[DManpa1-6DManpa1-6]DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/3,7,6/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5][a1122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-2-3-3-3-3/a4-b1_b4-c1_c3-d1_c6-f1_d6-e1_f6-g1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{[(3+1)][a-D-Manp]{[(6+1)][a-D-Manp]{}}[(6+1)][a-D-Manp]{[(6+1)][a-D-Manp]{}}}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#10: Sugar ChemComp-NAG / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-glucose / N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE


Type: D-saccharide, beta linking / Mass: 221.208 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C8H15NO6
IdentifierTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcbCONDENSED IUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
N-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosamineCOMMON NAMEGMML 1.0
b-D-GlcpNAcIUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLPDB-CARE 1.0
GlcNAcSNFG CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0

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Non-polymers , 2 types, 3 molecules

#11: Chemical ChemComp-CA / CALCIUM ION


Mass: 40.078 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Ca
#12: Chemical ChemComp-NA / SODIUM ION


Mass: 22.990 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Na

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Details

Has ligand of interestN
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Prothrombinase in complex with meizothrombin / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#6 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human) / Strain: HEK293
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1800 nm / Nominal defocus min: 600 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 52.7 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1cryoSPARCparticle selection
2PHENIX1.21.2_5419model refinement
13cryoSPARC3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.1 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 25376 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementCross valid method: NONE
Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2
Displacement parametersBiso mean: 59.8 Å2
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.003216958
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.713722943
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.04942469
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.00492939
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d15.75116478

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