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Open data
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Basic information
| Entry | Database: PDB / ID: 9grx | ||||||
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| Title | NDH-PSI-LHCI supercomplex from S. oleracea | ||||||
Components |
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Keywords | ELECTRON TRANSPORT / NDH / PSI / Supercomplex / photosynthesis / electron transport chain / lipids / proton translocation / plastoquinone | ||||||
| Function / homology | Function and homology informationphotosystem I assembly / glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase activity / NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) / P450-containing electron transport chain / photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem I / Translocases; Catalysing the translocation of protons; Linked to oxidoreductase reactions / thylakoid / chloroplast thylakoid lumen / NADH dehydrogenase complex / photosystem II oxygen evolving complex ...photosystem I assembly / glucose-6-phosphate 1-epimerase activity / NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) / P450-containing electron transport chain / photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem I / Translocases; Catalysing the translocation of protons; Linked to oxidoreductase reactions / thylakoid / chloroplast thylakoid lumen / NADH dehydrogenase complex / photosystem II oxygen evolving complex / photosystem I reaction center / photosystem I / photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I / photosynthetic electron transport chain / photosystem I / oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptor / photosystem II / extrinsic component of membrane / cyclosporin A binding / NADH dehydrogenase activity / chlorophyll binding / chloroplast thylakoid membrane / photosynthesis, light reaction / ubiquinone binding / electron transport coupled proton transport / response to light stimulus / respiratory chain complex I / NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity / quinone binding / ATP synthesis coupled electron transport / photosynthesis / aerobic respiration / chloroplast / peptidylprolyl isomerase / peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity / phosphoprotein binding / electron transport chain / 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding / NAD binding / protein folding / 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding / carbohydrate binding / response to oxidative stress / molecular adaptor activity / carbohydrate metabolic process / oxidoreductase activity / electron transfer activity / iron ion binding / calcium ion binding / magnesium ion binding / metal ion binding / membrane / plasma membrane / cytoplasm Similarity search - Function | ||||||
| Biological species | Spinacia oleracea (spinach) | ||||||
| Method | ELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.19 Å | ||||||
Authors | Introini, B. / Hahn, A. / Kuehlbrandt, W. | ||||||
| Funding support | Germany, 1items
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Citation | Journal: Nat Struct Mol Biol / Year: 2025Title: Cryo-EM structure of the NDH-PSI-LHCI supercomplex from Spinacia oleracea. Authors: Bianca Introini / Alexander Hahn / Werner Kühlbrandt / ![]() Abstract: The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) dehydrogenase (NDH) complex is crucial for photosynthetic cyclic electron flow and respiration, transferring electrons from ferredoxin to ...The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) dehydrogenase (NDH) complex is crucial for photosynthetic cyclic electron flow and respiration, transferring electrons from ferredoxin to plastoquinone while transporting H across the chloroplast membrane. This process boosts adenosine triphosphate production, regardless of NADPH levels. In flowering plants, NDH forms a supercomplex with photosystem I, enhancing its stability under high light. We report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the NDH supercomplex in Spinacia oleracea at a resolution of 3.0-3.3 Å. The supercomplex consists of 41 protein subunits, 154 chlorophylls and 38 carotenoids. Subunit interactions are reinforced by 46 distinct lipids. The structure of NDH resembles that of mitochondrial complex I closely, including the quinol-binding site and an extensive internal aqueous passage for proton translocation. A well-resolved catalytic plastoquinone (PQ) occupies the PQ channel. The pronounced structural similarity to complex I sheds light on electron transfer and proton translocation within the NDH supercomplex. | ||||||
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Structure visualization
| Structure viewer | Molecule: Molmil Jmol/JSmol |
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Downloads & links
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Download
| PDBx/mmCIF format | 9grx.cif.gz | 2 MB | Display | PDBx/mmCIF format |
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| PDB format | pdb9grx.ent.gz | Display | PDB format | |
| PDBx/mmJSON format | 9grx.json.gz | Tree view | PDBx/mmJSON format | |
| Others | Other downloads |
-Validation report
| Summary document | 9grx_validation.pdf.gz | 15.1 MB | Display | wwPDB validaton report |
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| Full document | 9grx_full_validation.pdf.gz | 15.7 MB | Display | |
| Data in XML | 9grx_validation.xml.gz | 320.2 KB | Display | |
| Data in CIF | 9grx_validation.cif.gz | 441.6 KB | Display | |
| Arichive directory | https://data.pdbj.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/gr/9grx ftp://data.pdbj.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/gr/9grx | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
| Related structure data | ![]() 51527MC C: citing same article ( M: map data used to model this data |
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| Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology F&H Search |
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Links
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Assembly
| Deposited unit | ![]()
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Components
-Photosynthetic NDH subunit of lumenal location ... , 3 types, 3 molecules 067
| #1: Protein | Mass: 18606.793 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0JJI5 |
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| #7: Protein | Mass: 14875.953 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0I5E4 |
| #8: Protein | Mass: 16451.979 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0JBH0 |
-Photosynthetic NDH subunit of subcomplex B ... , 5 types, 5 molecules 12345
| #2: Protein | Mass: 44622.605 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0JDZ5 |
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| #3: Protein | Mass: 40259.473 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0KAG7 |
| #4: Protein | Mass: 15614.840 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0J911 |
| #5: Protein | Mass: 10763.025 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0J426 |
| #6: Protein | Mass: 17772.670 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0JS52 |
-Protein , 5 types, 5 molecules 89Dck
| #9: Protein | Mass: 15352.496 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0IC28, peptidylprolyl isomerase |
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| #10: Protein | Mass: 18900.408 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0IB03, peptidylprolyl isomerase |
| #14: Protein | Mass: 55980.191 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach)References: UniProt: Q9M3J0, Translocases; Catalysing the translocation of protons; Linked to oxidoreductase reactions |
| #29: Protein | Mass: 9035.483 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: P10098, photosystem I |
| #37: Protein | Mass: 13229.404 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0IBB5 |
-NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit ... , 15 types, 15 molecules ABCEFGHIJKLMNOU
| #11: Protein | Mass: 38985.613 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach)References: UniProt: Q9M3I6, Translocases; Catalysing the translocation of protons; Linked to oxidoreductase reactions |
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| #12: Protein | Mass: 54026.148 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach)References: UniProt: P0CD52, Translocases; Catalysing the translocation of protons; Linked to oxidoreductase reactions |
| #13: Protein | Mass: 13270.651 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach)References: UniProt: Q9M3L9, Translocases; Catalysing the translocation of protons; Linked to oxidoreductase reactions |
| #15: Protein | Mass: 11085.047 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach)References: UniProt: Q9M3I9, Translocases; Catalysing the translocation of protons; Linked to oxidoreductase reactions |
| #16: Protein | Mass: 84590.094 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach)References: UniProt: Q9M3J4, Translocases; Catalysing the translocation of protons; Linked to oxidoreductase reactions |
| #17: Protein | Mass: 19193.654 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach)References: UniProt: Q9M3I8, Translocases; Catalysing the translocation of protons; Linked to oxidoreductase reactions |
| #18: Protein | Mass: 45172.309 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach)References: UniProt: Q9M3I5, Translocases; Catalysing the translocation of protons; Linked to oxidoreductase reactions |
| #19: Protein | Mass: 19004.875 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach)References: UniProt: Q9M3I7, Translocases; Catalysing the translocation of protons; Linked to oxidoreductase reactions |
| #20: Protein | Mass: 18687.322 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach)References: UniProt: Q9M3M1, Translocases; Catalysing the translocation of protons; Linked to oxidoreductase reactions |
| #21: Protein | Mass: 22789.359 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach)References: UniProt: Q9M3M0, Translocases; Catalysing the translocation of protons; Linked to oxidoreductase reactions |
| #22: Protein | Mass: 13194.599 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0JHB5 |
| #23: Protein | Mass: 16702.113 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0JNY9 |
| #24: Protein | Mass: 18727.768 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0J7P2 |
| #25: Protein | Mass: 11127.798 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0K504 |
| #26: Protein | Mass: 27127.314 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0K267 |
-Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein ... , 2 types, 2 molecules ab
| #27: Protein | Mass: 82144.953 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: P06511, photosystem I |
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| #28: Protein | Mass: 82377.547 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: P06512, photosystem I |
-Photosystem I reaction center subunit ... , 8 types, 8 molecules defghijl
| #30: Protein | Mass: 16053.480 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: P12353 |
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| #31: Protein | Mass: 7736.863 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: P12354 |
| #32: Protein | Mass: 17151.859 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: P12355 |
| #33: Protein | Mass: 10719.099 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: P12357 |
| #34: Protein | Mass: 10391.756 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: P22179 |
| #35: Protein/peptide | Mass: 3458.225 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: P17228 |
| #36: Protein/peptide | Mass: 4845.679 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A6B9Q8A1 |
| #38: Protein | Mass: 16988.656 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: Q41385 |
-Chlorophyll a-b binding protein, ... , 4 types, 4 molecules wxyz
| #39: Protein | Mass: 23947.340 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0JIF6 |
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| #40: Protein | Mass: 22135.113 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0J335 |
| #41: Protein | Mass: 24168.625 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0IPK6 |
| #42: Protein | Mass: 21184.209 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Spinacia oleracea (spinach) / References: UniProt: A0A9R0J8B1 |
-Sugars , 1 types, 3 molecules 
| #51: Sugar |
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-Non-polymers , 12 types, 245 molecules 




















| #43: Chemical | ChemComp-BCR / #44: Chemical | ChemComp-PGT / ( #45: Chemical | Mass: 548.663 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C27H48O11 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION #46: Chemical | ChemComp-LMG / #47: Chemical | ChemComp-PQ9 / | #48: Chemical | ChemComp-SQD / #49: Chemical | ChemComp-SF4 / #50: Chemical | ChemComp-CLA / #52: Chemical | ChemComp-CL0 / | #53: Chemical | #54: Chemical | ChemComp-CHL / #55: Chemical | ChemComp-LUT / ( |
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-Details
| Has ligand of interest | Y |
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| Has protein modification | Y |
-Experimental details
-Experiment
| Experiment | Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY |
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| EM experiment | Aggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction |
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Sample preparation
| Component | Name: NDH-PSI-LHCI supercomplex from Spinacia oleracea / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#42 / Source: NATURAL |
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| Molecular weight | Experimental value: NO |
| Source (natural) | Organism: Spinacia oleracea (spinach) |
| Buffer solution | pH: 7.8 |
| Specimen | Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES |
| Vitrification | Cryogen name: ETHANE |
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Electron microscopy imaging
| Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |
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| Microscopy | Model: TFS KRIOS Details: Titan Krios G3i microscope at 300 kV, equipped with a K3 (Gatan) detector operating in electron counting mode, Bioquantum energy filter (Gatan) |
| Electron gun | Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM |
| Electron lens | Mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1700 nm / Nominal defocus min: 700 nm |
| Image recording | Electron dose: 40 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) |
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Processing
| EM software | Name: PHENIX / Category: model refinement | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| CTF correction | Type: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3D reconstruction | Resolution: 3.19 Å / Resolution method: OTHER / Num. of particles: 38385 / Details: This is a composite map / Symmetry type: POINT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic model building | Protocol: AB INITIO MODEL / Space: REAL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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About Yorodumi




Spinacia oleracea (spinach)
Germany, 1items
Citation





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FIELD EMISSION GUN

