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- PDB-9daw: STING oligomer bound to cGAMP, C53 and PI(3,5)P2 -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9daw
TitleSTING oligomer bound to cGAMP, C53 and PI(3,5)P2
ComponentsStimulator of interferon genes protein
KeywordsSIGNALING PROTEIN/ACTIVATOR / STING / oligomer / PI(3 / 5)P2 / SIGNALING PROTEIN / SIGNALING PROTEIN-ACTIVATOR complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


STING complex / STAT6-mediated induction of chemokines / serine/threonine protein kinase complex / protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum / 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding / cyclic-di-GMP binding / STING mediated induction of host immune responses / positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway / IRF3-mediated induction of type I IFN / proton channel activity ...STING complex / STAT6-mediated induction of chemokines / serine/threonine protein kinase complex / protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum / 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding / cyclic-di-GMP binding / STING mediated induction of host immune responses / positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway / IRF3-mediated induction of type I IFN / proton channel activity / reticulophagy / cGAS/STING signaling pathway / pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway / cellular response to exogenous dsRNA / cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway / protein complex oligomerization / autophagosome membrane / positive regulation of macroautophagy / autophagosome assembly / cellular response to interferon-beta / positive regulation of defense response to virus by host / positive regulation of type I interferon production / endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane / signaling adaptor activity / activation of innate immune response / positive regulation of interferon-beta production / autophagosome / secretory granule membrane / Regulation of innate immune responses to cytosolic DNA / cytoplasmic vesicle membrane / antiviral innate immune response / protein serine/threonine kinase binding / SARS-CoV-1 activates/modulates innate immune responses / peroxisome / regulation of inflammatory response / defense response to virus / RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding / mitochondrial outer membrane / transcription coactivator activity / endosome / cilium / ciliary basal body / Golgi membrane / innate immune response / Neutrophil degranulation / ubiquitin protein ligase binding / endoplasmic reticulum membrane / protein kinase binding / perinuclear region of cytoplasm / SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses / protein homodimerization activity / positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II / nucleoplasm / identical protein binding / plasma membrane / cytosol
Similarity search - Function
: / STING transmembrane domain / : / : / Stimulator of interferon genes protein / Stimulator of interferon genes protein, C-terminal domain superfamily / STING ligand-binding domain
Similarity search - Domain/homology
cGAMP / Chem-9IM / : / CHOLESTEROL HEMISUCCINATE / Stimulator of interferon genes protein
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.9 Å
AuthorsLi, J. / Zhang, X. / Bai, X.
Funding support United States, 3items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI)R01CA273595 United States
Welch FoundationI-1702 United States
Welch FoundationI-1944 United States
CitationJournal: Nature / Year: 2026
Title: Regulation of STING activation by phosphoinositide and cholesterol.
Authors: Jie Li / Jay Xiaojun Tan / Zhijian J Chen / Xuewu Zhang / Xiao-Chen Bai /
Abstract: Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an essential adaptor in the cytosolic DNA-sensing innate immune pathway. STING is activated by cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) produced by the DNA sensor cGAMP ...Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an essential adaptor in the cytosolic DNA-sensing innate immune pathway. STING is activated by cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) produced by the DNA sensor cGAMP synthase (cGAS). cGAMP-induced high-order oligomerization and translocation of STING from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi and post-Golgi vesicles are critical for STING activation. Other studies have shown that phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PtdInsPs) and cholesterol also have important roles in STING activation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that cGAMP-induced high-order oligomerization of STING is enhanced strongly by phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P and PtdIns(4,5)P, and by PtdIns4P to a lesser extent. Our cryo-electron microscopy structures reveal that PtdInsPs together with cholesterol bind at the interface between STING dimers, directly promoting the high-order oligomerization. The structures also provide an explanation for the preference of the STING oligomer to different PtdInsPs. Mutational and biochemical analyses confirm the binding modes of PtdInsPs and cholesterol and their roles in STING activation. Our findings shed light on the regulatory mechanisms of STING mediated by specific lipids, which may underlie the role of intracellular trafficking in dictating STING signalling.
History
DepositionAug 22, 2024Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Dec 17, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.1Feb 4, 2026Group: Data collection / Database references / Structure summary
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Stimulator of interferon genes protein
B: Stimulator of interferon genes protein
C: Stimulator of interferon genes protein
D: Stimulator of interferon genes protein
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)163,56412
Polymers158,2144
Non-polymers5,3508
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein
Stimulator of interferon genes protein / hSTING / Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator / ERIS / Mediator of IRF3 activation / hMITA / ...hSTING / Endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator / ERIS / Mediator of IRF3 activation / hMITA / Transmembrane protein 173


Mass: 39553.398 Da / Num. of mol.: 4
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: STING1, ERIS, MITA, TMEM173 / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: Q86WV6
#2: Chemical ChemComp-A1BBH / (2R)-3-{[(R)-hydroxy{[(1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2,4,6-trihydroxy-3,5-bis(phosphonooxy)cyclohexyl]oxy}phosphoryl]oxy}propane-1,2-diyl di[(9Z)-octadec-9-enoate] / dioleylphosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate


Mass: 1023.066 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C45H85O19P3 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#3: Chemical ChemComp-Y01 / CHOLESTEROL HEMISUCCINATE


Mass: 486.726 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C31H50O4 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#4: Chemical ChemComp-1SY / cGAMP / 2',3' cGAMP / c-GMP-AMP / c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p]


Mass: 674.411 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C20H24N10O13P2 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#5: Chemical ChemComp-9IM / 1-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-N-[(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-6-carboxamide


Mass: 490.877 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C25H19ClF4N2O2 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: STING bound to its ligand cGAMP, an engineered activator C53 and PI(3,5)P2
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 1.2 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.9 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 219323 / Symmetry type: POINT
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00310756
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.59214634
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d14.54060
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0351624
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0051826

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