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- PDB-9c5c: Structure of Human Adaptor Protein Complex AP-3 in the Apo State -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9c5c
TitleStructure of Human Adaptor Protein Complex AP-3 in the Apo State
Components
  • AP-3 complex subunit beta-1
  • AP-3 complex subunit delta-1
  • AP-3 complex subunit mu-1
  • AP-3 complex subunit sigma-1
KeywordsTRANSPORT PROTEIN / Adaptor Protein complex / AP-3 / Lysosomal transport / Endosomal transport / Protein trafficking
Function / homology
Function and homology information


synaptic vesicle coating / synaptic vesicle budding from endosome / establishment of protein localization to mitochondrial membrane involved in mitochondrial fission / clathrin-coated vesicle cargo loading, AP-3-mediated / zinc ion import into lysosome / skin epidermis development / AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex / synaptic vesicle membrane organization / AP-3 adaptor complex / anterograde synaptic vesicle transport ...synaptic vesicle coating / synaptic vesicle budding from endosome / establishment of protein localization to mitochondrial membrane involved in mitochondrial fission / clathrin-coated vesicle cargo loading, AP-3-mediated / zinc ion import into lysosome / skin epidermis development / AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex / synaptic vesicle membrane organization / AP-3 adaptor complex / anterograde synaptic vesicle transport / microvesicle / endosome to melanosome transport / Golgi to vacuole transport / synaptic vesicle recycling / presynaptic endosome / postsynaptic recycling endosome / clathrin adaptor complex / platelet dense granule organization / melanosome assembly / granulocyte differentiation / postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor internalization / GTP-dependent protein binding / neurotransmitter receptor transport, postsynaptic endosome to lysosome / positive regulation of NK T cell differentiation / clathrin-coated vesicle membrane / antigen processing and presentation, exogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib / protein targeting to vacuole / respiratory system process / protein targeting to lysosome / melanosome organization / anterograde axonal transport / intracellular zinc ion homeostasis / protein localization to cell surface / protein localization to membrane / lysosome organization / toll-like receptor signaling pathway / Golgi Associated Vesicle Biogenesis / lung morphogenesis / Association of TriC/CCT with target proteins during biosynthesis / homeostasis of number of cells / single fertilization / intracellular transport / hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation / transport vesicle / axon cytoplasm / vesicle-mediated transport / cytoplasmic vesicle membrane / intracellular protein transport / mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II / terminal bouton / protein modification process / cell morphogenesis / small GTPase binding / endocytosis / blood coagulation / Signaling by BRAF and RAF1 fusions / insulin receptor signaling pathway / presynapse / cytoplasmic vesicle / protein phosphatase binding / spermatogenesis / lysosome / early endosome / postsynapse / endosome membrane / inflammatory response / Golgi membrane / lysosomal membrane / intracellular membrane-bounded organelle / glutamatergic synapse / Golgi apparatus / positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II / mitochondrion / membrane
Similarity search - Function
AP-3 complex subunit sigma / AP-3 complex subunit delta domain, metazoa / AP-3 complex subunit delta-1 / Bovine leukaemia virus receptor (BLVR) / AP-3 complex subunit beta, C-terminal domain / AP-3 complex subunit beta 1, serine-rich domain / Clathrin-adaptor complex-3 beta-1 subunit C-terminal / Serine-rich region of AP3B1, clathrin-adaptor complex / Clathrin-adaptor complex-3 beta-1 subunit C-terminal / Adaptor protein complex AP-3, delta subunit ...AP-3 complex subunit sigma / AP-3 complex subunit delta domain, metazoa / AP-3 complex subunit delta-1 / Bovine leukaemia virus receptor (BLVR) / AP-3 complex subunit beta, C-terminal domain / AP-3 complex subunit beta 1, serine-rich domain / Clathrin-adaptor complex-3 beta-1 subunit C-terminal / Serine-rich region of AP3B1, clathrin-adaptor complex / Clathrin-adaptor complex-3 beta-1 subunit C-terminal / Adaptor protein complex AP-3, delta subunit / AP-3 complex subunit beta / Adaptor protein complex, sigma subunit / Beta-adaptin appendage, C-terminal subdomain / Beta2-adaptin appendage, C-terminal sub-domain / AP complex subunit beta / Clathrin adaptor complex, small chain / Clathrin adaptor complexes small chain signature. / Clathrin adaptor complexes medium chain signature 1. / Clathrin adaptor, mu subunit / Clathrin adaptor, mu subunit, conserved site / Clathrin adaptor complexes medium chain signature 2. / : / AP complex, mu/sigma subunit / Clathrin adaptor complex small chain / Adaptor complexes medium subunit family / AP-2 complex subunit mu, C-terminal superfamily / Clathrin/coatomer adaptor, adaptin-like, N-terminal / Adaptin N terminal region / Mu homology domain / Mu homology domain (MHD) profile. / Longin-like domain superfamily / Armadillo-like helical / Armadillo-type fold
Similarity search - Domain/homology
AP-3 complex subunit beta-1 / AP-3 complex subunit delta-1 / AP-3 complex subunit sigma-1 / AP-3 complex subunit mu-1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.6 Å
Model detailsMODEL GENERATED BY ROSETTA VERSION 2020.08+release.cb1caba
AuthorsBegley, M.C. / Baker, R.W.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)R35 GM150960 United States
CitationJournal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Year: 2024
Title: A structure-based mechanism for initiation of AP-3 coated vesicle formation.
Authors: Matthew Begley / Mahira Aragon / Richard W Baker /
Abstract: Adaptor protein complex-3 (AP-3) mediates cargo sorting from endosomes to lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles. Recently, it was shown that AP-3 adopts a constitutively open conformation ...Adaptor protein complex-3 (AP-3) mediates cargo sorting from endosomes to lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles. Recently, it was shown that AP-3 adopts a constitutively open conformation compared to the related AP-1 and AP-2 coat complexes, which are inactive until undergoing large conformational changes upon membrane recruitment. How AP-3 is regulated is therefore an open question. To understand the mechanism of AP-3 membrane recruitment and activation, we reconstituted human AP-3 and determined multiple structures in the soluble and membrane-bound states using electron cryo-microscopy. Similar to yeast AP-3, human AP-3 is in a constitutively open conformation. To reconstitute AP-3 activation by adenosine di-phosphate (ADP)-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1), a small guanosine tri-phosphate (GTP)ase, we used lipid nanodiscs to build Arf1-AP-3 complexes on membranes and determined three structures showing the stepwise conformational changes required for formation of AP-3 coated vesicles. First, membrane recruitment is driven by one of two predicted Arf1 binding sites, which flexibly tethers AP-3 to the membrane. Second, cargo binding causes AP-3 to adopt a fixed position and rigidifies the complex, which stabilizes binding for a second Arf1 molecule. Finally, binding of the second Arf1 molecule provides the template for AP-3 dimerization, providing a glimpse into the first step of coat polymerization. We propose coat polymerization only occurs after cargo engagement, thereby linking cargo sorting with assembly of higher-order coat structures. Additionally, we provide evidence for two amphipathic helices in AP-3, suggesting that AP-3 contributes to membrane deformation during coat assembly. In total, these data provide evidence for the first stages of AP-3-mediated vesicle coat assembly.
History
DepositionJun 6, 2024Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Dec 18, 2024Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
D: AP-3 complex subunit delta-1
B: AP-3 complex subunit beta-1
M: AP-3 complex subunit mu-1
S: AP-3 complex subunit sigma-1


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)163,4554
Polymers163,4554
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein AP-3 complex subunit delta-1 / AP-3 complex subunit delta / Adaptor-related protein complex 3 subunit delta-1 / Delta-adaptin


Mass: 66164.953 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: AP3D1, PRO0039 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Strain (production host): BL21 Star / References: UniProt: O14617
#2: Protein AP-3 complex subunit beta-1 / Adaptor protein complex AP-3 subunit beta-1 / Adaptor-related protein complex 3 subunit beta-1 / ...Adaptor protein complex AP-3 subunit beta-1 / Adaptor-related protein complex 3 subunit beta-1 / Beta-3A-adaptin / Clathrin assembly protein complex 3 beta-1 large chain


Mass: 65602.797 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Mutation: residues 261-293 deleted
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: AP3B1, ADTB3A / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Strain (production host): BL21 Star / References: UniProt: O00203
#3: Protein AP-3 complex subunit mu-1 / AP-3 adaptor complex mu3A subunit / Adaptor-related protein complex 3 subunit mu-1 / Mu-adaptin 3A ...AP-3 adaptor complex mu3A subunit / Adaptor-related protein complex 3 subunit mu-1 / Mu-adaptin 3A / Mu3A-adaptin


Mass: 14274.275 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: AP3M1 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Strain (production host): BL21 Star / References: UniProt: Q9Y2T2
#4: Protein AP-3 complex subunit sigma-1 / AP-3 complex subunit sigma-3A / Adaptor-related protein complex 3 subunit sigma-1 / Clathrin- ...AP-3 complex subunit sigma-3A / Adaptor-related protein complex 3 subunit sigma-1 / Clathrin-associated/assembly/adaptor protein / small 3 / Sigma-3A-adaptin / Sigma3A-adaptin / Sigma-adaptin 3a


Mass: 17412.949 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: AP3S1, CLAPS3 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Strain (production host): BL21 Star / References: UniProt: Q92572
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Human Adaptor Protein Complex AP-3 in the Apo state / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.215 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Strain: BL21 Star
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4 / Details: 1x PBS (pH 7.4), 300mM NaCl, 1mM TCEP
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
12.7 mMPotassium ChlorideKCl1
210 mMSodium Phosphate (Dibasic)Na2HPO41
31.8 mMPotassium Phosphate (Monobasic)KH2PO41
4300 mMSodium ChlorideNaCl1
51 mMTCEPC9H15O6P1
SpecimenConc.: 1.5 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Details: Specimen appeared as a monodisperse peak via size exclusion chromatography (SEC)
Specimen supportDetails: Used Quantifoil Active grids- Backside gold coated before plasma cleaned. 12 mA used for plasma cleaning
Grid material: COPPER / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3
VitrificationInstrument: SPOTITON / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 296 K / Details: Commercialized version - Chameleon

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 105000 X / Nominal defocus max: 1400 nm / Nominal defocus min: 400 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / Alignment procedure: COMA FREE
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER
Image recordingElectron dose: 49.97 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k)
Details: 4 datasets collected, processed independently, and merged.
EM imaging opticsEnergyfilter name: TFS Selectris / Energyfilter slit width: 20 eV

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1cryoSPARC4.4.1particle selection
2Leginonimage acquisition
4cryoSPARC4.4.1CTF correction
7UCSF ChimeraX1.7.1model fitting
9cryoSPARC4.4.1initial Euler assignment
10cryoSPARC4.4.1final Euler assignment
11cryoSPARC4.4.1classification
12cryoSPARC4.4.13D reconstruction
19Rosetta3.12model refinement
20PHENIX1.21.1model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selectionDetails: Mixture of blob picker, template picker, crYOLO, and Topaz
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C1 (asymmetric)
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.6 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 1205158 / Algorithm: FOURIER SPACE / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingProtocol: RIGID BODY FIT / Space: REAL
Atomic model buildingSource name: AlphaFold / Type: in silico model

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