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Open data
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Basic information
| Entry | Database: PDB / ID: 8zso | ||||||
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| Title | Respirasome close state 2 in presence of metformin (SC-MetC2) | ||||||
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Keywords | MEMBRANE PROTEIN / Metformin / electron transport chain / Respirasome / mammalia | ||||||
| Function / homology | Function and homology informationMitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation / Protein lipoylation / Complex IV assembly / Cytoprotection by HMOX1 / TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes / Complex III assembly / respiratory chain complex IV assembly / Mitochondrial protein import / subthalamus development / pons development ...Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation / Protein lipoylation / Complex IV assembly / Cytoprotection by HMOX1 / TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes / Complex III assembly / respiratory chain complex IV assembly / Mitochondrial protein import / subthalamus development / pons development / : / mitochondrial respirasome assembly / RHOG GTPase cycle / cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development / Complex I biogenesis / Respiratory electron transport / pyramidal neuron development / respiratory chain complex IV / thalamus development / Mitochondrial protein degradation / Neutrophil degranulation / cellular response to oxygen levels / mesenchymal stem cell proliferation / respiratory chain complex / reproductive system development / mitochondrial [2Fe-2S] assembly complex / mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit binding / gliogenesis / cytochrome-c oxidase / respiratory chain complex III / mesenchymal stem cell differentiation / circulatory system development / oxidative phosphorylation / quinol-cytochrome-c reductase / mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen / cardiac muscle tissue development / neural precursor cell proliferation / [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly / oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H / oxygen sensor activity / quinol-cytochrome-c reductase activity / cytochrome-c oxidase activity / stem cell division / mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c / hypothalamus development / midbrain development / acyl binding / acyl carrier activity / NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H+-translocating) / mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport / mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly / mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone / respiratory chain complex I / response to cAMP / NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity / quinone binding / ATP synthesis coupled electron transport / enzyme regulator activity / muscle contraction / reactive oxygen species metabolic process / aerobic respiration / central nervous system development / regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential / respiratory electron transport chain / hippocampus development / DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator / kidney development / electron transport chain / fatty acid metabolic process / brain development / metalloendopeptidase activity / mitochondrial membrane / mitochondrial intermembrane space / 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding / multicellular organism growth / NAD binding / cellular senescence / FMN binding / nervous system development / 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding / gene expression / electron transfer activity / oxidoreductase activity / mitochondrial inner membrane / nuclear speck / nuclear body / mitochondrial matrix / copper ion binding / heme binding / ubiquitin protein ligase binding / structural molecule activity / mitochondrion / proteolysis / nucleoplasm / metal ion binding / membrane Similarity search - Function | ||||||
| Biological species | ![]() | ||||||
| Method | ELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.11 Å | ||||||
Authors | Teng, F. / He, Z.X. / Hu, Y.Q. / Xu, C.Y. / Guo, R.Y. / Zhou, L. | ||||||
| Funding support | China, 1items
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Citation | Journal: Nat Struct Mol Biol / Year: 2025Title: Hydrophilic metformin and hydrophobic biguanides inhibit mitochondrial complex I by distinct mechanisms. Authors: Zhaoxiang He / Fei Teng / Yanqing Yang / Ruiyang Guo / Mengchen Wu / Fangzhu Han / Hongtao Tian / Jiawei Wang / Yiqi Hu / Yangwei Jiang / Leili Zhang / Chenyang Xu / Fan Yang / Jiancang Zhou ...Authors: Zhaoxiang He / Fei Teng / Yanqing Yang / Ruiyang Guo / Mengchen Wu / Fangzhu Han / Hongtao Tian / Jiawei Wang / Yiqi Hu / Yangwei Jiang / Leili Zhang / Chenyang Xu / Fan Yang / Jiancang Zhou / Shan Zhang / James A Letts / Ruhong Zhou / Long Zhou / ![]() Abstract: Metformin is the only antihyperglycemic biguanide targeting type 2 diabetes mellitus with proven safety. Although a mechanism of action involving tight inhibition of the respiratory complex I has ...Metformin is the only antihyperglycemic biguanide targeting type 2 diabetes mellitus with proven safety. Although a mechanism of action involving tight inhibition of the respiratory complex I has been proposed for hydrophobic biguanides, it remains elusive for the hydrophilic metformin, whose excellent pharmacological tolerance depends on weak complex I inhibition without competitive nature. Here we solved cryo-electron microscopy structures of the metformin-bound porcine respirasome. Our structural and kinetic data are consistent with a model in which metformin enters complex I only in its open state and becomes trapped at the ubiquinone redox site by ubiquinone-induced conformational closing of the enzyme. By contrast, the hydrophobic proguanil alone occupies both the entrance and the redox site of the ubiquinone channel in open and closed complex I and is kinetically consistent with competitive inhibition with conformation-dependent affinities. Our data provide the molecular basis for metformin's well-known superior properties, such as a wide therapeutic window and positive ubiquinone cooperativity, leading to its clinical success and facilitating future therapeutic developments. | ||||||
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Structure visualization
| Structure viewer | Molecule: Molmil Jmol/JSmol |
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Downloads & links
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Download
| PDBx/mmCIF format | 8zso.cif.gz | 3.3 MB | Display | PDBx/mmCIF format |
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| PDB format | pdb8zso.ent.gz | Display | PDB format | |
| PDBx/mmJSON format | 8zso.json.gz | Tree view | PDBx/mmJSON format | |
| Others | Other downloads |
-Validation report
| Summary document | 8zso_validation.pdf.gz | 4.9 MB | Display | wwPDB validaton report |
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| Full document | 8zso_full_validation.pdf.gz | 5.2 MB | Display | |
| Data in XML | 8zso_validation.xml.gz | 404 KB | Display | |
| Data in CIF | 8zso_validation.cif.gz | 581.5 KB | Display | |
| Arichive directory | https://data.pdbj.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/zs/8zso ftp://data.pdbj.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/zs/8zso | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
| Related structure data | ![]() 60422MC ![]() 8zo8C ![]() 8zouC ![]() 8zskC ![]() 8zslC ![]() 8zsmC ![]() 8zsnC ![]() 8zsqC ![]() 8zxzC ![]() 9j6hC ![]() 9j6wC C: citing same article ( M: map data used to model this data |
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| Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology F&H Search |
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Links
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Assembly
| Deposited unit | ![]()
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Components
+NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain ... , 7 types, 7 molecules 4LN1N2N3N4N5N6
+Cytochrome c oxidase ... , 13 types, 13 molecules 5A5B6A6B6C7A7B7C8BC1C2C3C4
+NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit ... , 11 types, 11 molecules A1A2A3A5A6A8A9AKALAMAN
+Protein , 7 types, 11 molecules A7ABACQCQcQDQdQIQiS1S3
+NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit ... , 11 types, 11 molecules B1B2B3B4B5B6B7B8B9BKBL
+NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit ... , 2 types, 2 molecules CACB
+Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit ... , 9 types, 15 molecules QAQaQBQbQEQeQFQfQGQgQHQhQJQKQj
+NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein ... , 6 types, 6 molecules S2S4S5S6S7S8
+NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein ... , 2 types, 2 molecules V1V2
+Protein/peptide , 1 types, 1 molecules V3
+Non-polymers , 17 types, 87 molecules 
































+Details
-Experimental details
-Experiment
| Experiment | Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY |
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| EM experiment | Aggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction |
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Sample preparation
| Component | Name: Respirasome close state 2 in presence of metformin / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#69 / Source: NATURAL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Buffer solution | pH: 7.4 Details: SEC buffer (20 mM Tris pH 7.4, 50 mM NaCl, 0.002% PMSF, 0.1% GDN (w/v)) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Specimen | Conc.: 0.25 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specimen support | Details: 15mA / Grid material: COPPER / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vitrification | Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277.15 K |
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Electron microscopy imaging
| Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |
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| Microscopy | Model: FEI TITAN KRIOS |
| Electron gun | Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM |
| Electron lens | Mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 105000 X / Nominal defocus max: 1800 nm / Nominal defocus min: 600 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / Alignment procedure: COMA FREE |
| Specimen holder | Cryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER |
| Image recording | Average exposure time: 7.8 sec. / Electron dose: 51.9 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 |
| Image scans | Width: 4096 / Height: 4096 |
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Processing
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| CTF correction | Type: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3D reconstruction | Resolution: 3.11 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 89819 / Symmetry type: POINT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic model building | Protocol: RIGID BODY FIT / Space: REAL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Refinement | Cross valid method: NONE Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Displacement parameters | Biso mean: 85.21 Å2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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