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Open data
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Basic information
| Entry | ![]() | |||||||||
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| Title | Respirasome open state 2 in presence of metformin (SC-MetO2) | |||||||||
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Keywords | Metformin / electron transport chain / Respirasome / mammalia / MEMBRANE PROTEIN | |||||||||
| Function / homology | Function and homology informationMitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation / Protein lipoylation / Complex IV assembly / Cytoprotection by HMOX1 / TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes / Complex III assembly / respiratory chain complex IV assembly / Mitochondrial protein import / subthalamus development / pons development ...Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation / Protein lipoylation / Complex IV assembly / Cytoprotection by HMOX1 / TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes / Complex III assembly / respiratory chain complex IV assembly / Mitochondrial protein import / subthalamus development / pons development / : / mitochondrial respirasome assembly / RHOG GTPase cycle / cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development / Complex I biogenesis / : / Respiratory electron transport / pyramidal neuron development / respiratory chain complex IV / thalamus development / Mitochondrial protein degradation / Neutrophil degranulation / mesenchymal stem cell proliferation / respiratory chain complex / reproductive system development / mitochondrial [2Fe-2S] assembly complex / mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit binding / cytochrome-c oxidase / respiratory chain complex III / mesenchymal stem cell differentiation / circulatory system development / oxidative phosphorylation / quinol-cytochrome-c reductase / mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen / cardiac muscle tissue development / [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly / oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H / quinol-cytochrome-c reductase activity / cytochrome-c oxidase activity / stem cell division / mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c / hypothalamus development / midbrain development / acyl binding / acyl carrier activity / NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H+-translocating) / mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly / mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone / respiratory chain complex I / response to cAMP / NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity / quinone binding / ATP synthesis coupled electron transport / enzyme regulator activity / muscle contraction / reactive oxygen species metabolic process / aerobic respiration / central nervous system development / regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential / respiratory electron transport chain / hippocampus development / DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator / kidney development / electron transport chain / fatty acid metabolic process / brain development / metalloendopeptidase activity / mitochondrial membrane / mitochondrial intermembrane space / 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding / multicellular organism growth / NAD binding / cellular senescence / FMN binding / nervous system development / 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding / gene expression / oxidoreductase activity / mitochondrial inner membrane / nuclear speck / nuclear body / mitochondrial matrix / copper ion binding / heme binding / structural molecule activity / mitochondrion / proteolysis / nucleoplasm / metal ion binding / membrane Similarity search - Function | |||||||||
| Biological species | ![]() | |||||||||
| Method | single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.01 Å | |||||||||
Authors | Teng F / He ZX / Hu YQ / Xu CY / Guo RY / Zhou L | |||||||||
| Funding support | China, 1 items
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Citation | Journal: Nat Struct Mol Biol / Year: 2025Title: Hydrophilic metformin and hydrophobic biguanides inhibit mitochondrial complex I by distinct mechanisms. Authors: Zhaoxiang He / Fei Teng / Yanqing Yang / Ruiyang Guo / Mengchen Wu / Fangzhu Han / Hongtao Tian / Jiawei Wang / Yiqi Hu / Yangwei Jiang / Leili Zhang / Chenyang Xu / Fan Yang / Jiancang Zhou ...Authors: Zhaoxiang He / Fei Teng / Yanqing Yang / Ruiyang Guo / Mengchen Wu / Fangzhu Han / Hongtao Tian / Jiawei Wang / Yiqi Hu / Yangwei Jiang / Leili Zhang / Chenyang Xu / Fan Yang / Jiancang Zhou / Shan Zhang / James A Letts / Ruhong Zhou / Long Zhou / ![]() Abstract: Metformin is the only antihyperglycemic biguanide targeting type 2 diabetes mellitus with proven safety. Although a mechanism of action involving tight inhibition of the respiratory complex I has ...Metformin is the only antihyperglycemic biguanide targeting type 2 diabetes mellitus with proven safety. Although a mechanism of action involving tight inhibition of the respiratory complex I has been proposed for hydrophobic biguanides, it remains elusive for the hydrophilic metformin, whose excellent pharmacological tolerance depends on weak complex I inhibition without competitive nature. Here we solved cryo-electron microscopy structures of the metformin-bound porcine respirasome. Our structural and kinetic data are consistent with a model in which metformin enters complex I only in its open state and becomes trapped at the ubiquinone redox site by ubiquinone-induced conformational closing of the enzyme. By contrast, the hydrophobic proguanil alone occupies both the entrance and the redox site of the ubiquinone channel in open and closed complex I and is kinetically consistent with competitive inhibition with conformation-dependent affinities. Our data provide the molecular basis for metformin's well-known superior properties, such as a wide therapeutic window and positive ubiquinone cooperativity, leading to its clinical success and facilitating future therapeutic developments. | |||||||||
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Structure visualization
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Downloads & links
-EMDB archive
| Map data | emd_60319.map.gz | 374.2 MB | EMDB map data format | |
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| Header (meta data) | emd-60319-v30.xml emd-60319.xml | 99.1 KB 99.1 KB | Display Display | EMDB header |
| FSC (resolution estimation) | emd_60319_fsc.xml | 15.8 KB | Display | FSC data file |
| Images | emd_60319.png | 98.6 KB | ||
| Masks | emd_60319_msk_1.map | 421.9 MB | Mask map | |
| Filedesc metadata | emd-60319.cif.gz | 18.3 KB | ||
| Others | emd_60319_half_map_1.map.gz emd_60319_half_map_2.map.gz | 391.2 MB 391.1 MB | ||
| Archive directory | http://ftp.pdbj.org/pub/emdb/structures/EMD-60319 ftp://ftp.pdbj.org/pub/emdb/structures/EMD-60319 | HTTPS FTP |
-Validation report
| Summary document | emd_60319_validation.pdf.gz | 1.1 MB | Display | EMDB validaton report |
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| Full document | emd_60319_full_validation.pdf.gz | 1.1 MB | Display | |
| Data in XML | emd_60319_validation.xml.gz | 25.2 KB | Display | |
| Data in CIF | emd_60319_validation.cif.gz | 33.5 KB | Display | |
| Arichive directory | https://ftp.pdbj.org/pub/emdb/validation_reports/EMD-60319 ftp://ftp.pdbj.org/pub/emdb/validation_reports/EMD-60319 | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
| Related structure data | ![]() 8zouMC ![]() 8zo8C ![]() 8zskC ![]() 8zslC ![]() 8zsmC ![]() 8zsnC ![]() 8zsoC ![]() 8zsqC ![]() 8zxzC ![]() 9j6hC ![]() 9j6wC C: citing same article ( M: atomic model generated by this map |
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| Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology F&H Search |
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Links
| EMDB pages | EMDB (EBI/PDBe) / EMDataResource |
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| Related items in Molecule of the Month |
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Map
| File | Download / File: emd_60319.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 421.9 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Projections & slices | Image control
Images are generated by Spider. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Voxel size | X=Y=Z: 1.2 Å | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Symmetry | Space group: 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Details | EMDB XML:
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-Supplemental data
-Mask #1
| File | emd_60319_msk_1.map | ||||||||||||
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-Half map: #2
| File | emd_60319_half_map_1.map | ||||||||||||
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-Half map: #1
| File | emd_60319_half_map_2.map | ||||||||||||
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Sample components
+Entire : Respirasome open state 2 in presence of metformin
+Supramolecule #1: Respirasome open state 2 in presence of metformin
+Macromolecule #1: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4L
+Macromolecule #2: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #3: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #4: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit
+Macromolecule #5: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit
+Macromolecule #6: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C
+Macromolecule #7: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #8: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #9: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #10: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8
+Macromolecule #11: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1
+Macromolecule #12: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2
+Macromolecule #13: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3
+Macromolecule #14: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5
+Macromolecule #15: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6
+Macromolecule #16: Complex I-B14.5a
+Macromolecule #17: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8
+Macromolecule #18: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mit...
+Macromolecule #19: Acyl carrier protein
+Macromolecule #20: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mi...
+Macromolecule #21: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11
+Macromolecule #22: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12
+Macromolecule #23: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13
+Macromolecule #24: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1
+Macromolecule #25: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mito...
+Macromolecule #26: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3
+Macromolecule #27: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4
+Macromolecule #28: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mito...
+Macromolecule #29: Complex I-B17
+Macromolecule #30: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7
+Macromolecule #31: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mito...
+Macromolecule #32: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9
+Macromolecule #33: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10
+Macromolecule #34: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mit...
+Macromolecule #35: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1
+Macromolecule #36: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2
+Macromolecule #37: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3
+Macromolecule #38: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4
+Macromolecule #39: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #40: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2
+Macromolecule #41: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1
+Macromolecule #42: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 2
+Macromolecule #43: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3
+Macromolecule #44: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4
+Macromolecule #45: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5
+Macromolecule #46: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6
+Macromolecule #47: Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #48: Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #49: Cytochrome b
+Macromolecule #50: Cytochrome c domain-containing protein
+Macromolecule #51: Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #52: Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6
+Macromolecule #53: Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7
+Macromolecule #54: Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8
+Macromolecule #55: Complex III subunit 9
+Macromolecule #56: Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10
+Macromolecule #57: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #58: Complex I-49kD
+Macromolecule #59: Complex I-30kD
+Macromolecule #60: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #61: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5
+Macromolecule #62: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #63: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #64: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #65: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #66: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial
+Macromolecule #67: Complex I-9kD
+Macromolecule #68: CARDIOLIPIN
+Macromolecule #69: ZINC ION
+Macromolecule #70: 1,2-DIACYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE
+Macromolecule #71: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
+Macromolecule #72: 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerophosphoethanolamine
+Macromolecule #73: NADPH DIHYDRO-NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE
+Macromolecule #74: S-[2-({N-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4-(phosphonooxy)butanoyl]-b...
+Macromolecule #75: ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE
+Macromolecule #76: (9R,11S)-9-({[(1S)-1-HYDROXYHEXADECYL]OXY}METHYL)-2,2-DIMETHYL-5,...
+Macromolecule #77: HEME-A
+Macromolecule #78: COPPER (II) ION
+Macromolecule #79: MAGNESIUM ION
+Macromolecule #80: PROTOPORPHYRIN IX CONTAINING FE
+Macromolecule #81: HEME C
+Macromolecule #82: FE2/S2 (INORGANIC) CLUSTER
+Macromolecule #83: 1,2-DILAUROYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHATE
+Macromolecule #84: IRON/SULFUR CLUSTER
+Macromolecule #85: FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE
-Experimental details
-Structure determination
| Method | cryo EM |
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Processing | single particle reconstruction |
| Aggregation state | particle |
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Sample preparation
| Concentration | 0.25 mg/mL | |||||||||||||||
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| Buffer | pH: 7.4 Component:
Details: SEC buffer (20 mM Tris pH 7.4, 50 mM NaCl, 0.002% PMSF, 0.1% GDN (w/v)) | |||||||||||||||
| Grid | Model: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3 / Material: COPPER / Mesh: 300 / Support film - Material: CARBON / Support film - topology: CONTINUOUS / Support film - Film thickness: 2 / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Time: 15 sec. / Pretreatment - Atmosphere: AIR / Pretreatment - Pressure: 0.039 kPa / Details: 15mA | |||||||||||||||
| Vitrification | Cryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277.15 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV |
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Electron microscopy
| Microscope | FEI TITAN KRIOS |
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| Image recording | Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k) / Digitization - Dimensions - Width: 4096 pixel / Digitization - Dimensions - Height: 4096 pixel / Number grids imaged: 1 / Average exposure time: 7.8 sec. / Average electron dose: 51.9 e/Å2 |
| Electron beam | Acceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN |
| Electron optics | Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.7 mm / Nominal defocus max: 1.8 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.6 µm / Nominal magnification: 105000 |
| Sample stage | Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER / Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN |
| Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |
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Image processing
-Atomic model buiding 1
| Refinement | Space: REAL / Protocol: RIGID BODY FIT |
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| Output model | ![]() PDB-8zou: |
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About Yorodumi




Keywords
Authors
China, 1 items
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FIELD EMISSION GUN

