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- PDB-8x8r: Structure of hemagglutinin from HN/4-10 H3N8 influenza virus G228... -

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Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 8x8r
TitleStructure of hemagglutinin from HN/4-10 H3N8 influenza virus G228 mutant complexed with human receptor analog LSTc
ComponentsHemagglutinin
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN / influenza virus / H3N8 / hemagglutinin / avian receptor
Function / homology6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine
Function and homology information
Biological speciesunidentified influenza virus
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.84 Å
AuthorsHao, T.J. / Xie, Y.F. / Chai, Y. / Song, H. / Gao, G.F.
Funding support China, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) China
CitationJournal: J Virol / Year: 2025
Title: Structural basis of receptor-binding adaptation of human-infecting H3N8 influenza A virus.
Authors: Tianjiao Hao / Yufeng Xie / Yan Chai / Wei Zhang / Di Zhang / Jianxun Qi / Yi Shi / Hao Song / George F Gao /
Abstract: Recent avian-origin H3N8 influenza A virus (IAV) that have infected humans pose a potential public health concern. Alterations in the viral surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA), are typically ...Recent avian-origin H3N8 influenza A virus (IAV) that have infected humans pose a potential public health concern. Alterations in the viral surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA), are typically required for IAVs to cross the species barrier for adaptation to a new host, but whether H3N8 has adapted to infect humans remains elusive. The observation of a degenerative codon in position 228 of HA in human H3N8 A/Henan/4-10/2022 protein sequence, which could be residue G or S, suggests a dynamic viral adaptation for human infection. Previously, we found this human-isolated virus has shown the ability to transmit between ferrets via respiratory droplets, with the HA-G228S substitution mutation emerging as a critical determinant for the airborne transmission of the virus in ferrets. Here, we investigated the receptor-binding properties of these two H3N8 HAs. Our results showed H3N8 HAs have dual receptor-binding properties with a preference for avian receptor binding, and G228S slightly increased binding to human receptors. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the two H3N8 HAs with avian and human receptor analogs revealed the basis for dual receptor binding. Mutagenesis studies reveal that the Q226L mutation shifts H3N8 HA's receptor preference from avian to human, while the G228S substitution enhances binding to both receptor types. H3N8 exhibits distinct antigenic sites compared to H3N2, prompting concerns regarding vaccine efficacy. These findings suggest that the current H3N8 human isolates are yet to adapt for efficient human-to-human transmission and further continuous surveillance should be implemented.IMPORTANCEInfluenza virus transmission remains a public health concern currently. H3N8 subtype influenza A viruses infect humans and their HAs acquire the ability to bind to both human and avian receptors, posing a threat to human health. We have solved and analyzed the structural basis of dual receptor binding of recently human-infecting H3N8 HA, and we demonstrate that the G228S enhances human receptor binding and adaptation. We also found that HN/4-10 H3N8 HA has distinct antigenic sites, which challenges vaccine efficacy. Taken together, our work is critical to the prevention and control of human H3 influenza virus infection.
History
DepositionNov 28, 2023Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBC
Revision 1.0Dec 11, 2024Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Hemagglutinin
B: Hemagglutinin
C: Hemagglutinin
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)178,06715
Polymers171,3743
Non-polymers6,69312
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein Hemagglutinin


Mass: 57124.691 Da / Num. of mol.: 3
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Details: HN/4-10 H3N8 HA G228 / Source: (gene. exp.) unidentified influenza virus / Gene: HA / Production host: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
#2: Polysaccharide alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2- ...alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 910.823 Da / Num. of mol.: 3
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpa1-3[DManpa1-6]DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/3,5,4/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5][a1122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-2-3-3/a4-b1_b4-c1_c3-d1_c6-e1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{[(3+1)][a-D-Manp]{}[(6+1)][a-D-Manp]{}}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#3: Polysaccharide 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 424.401 Da / Num. of mol.: 3
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/1,2,1/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1-1/a4-b1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#4: Polysaccharide N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminic acid-(2-6)-beta-D-galactopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide, Oligosaccharide / Class: Glycan component / Mass: 674.604 Da / Num. of mol.: 3
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Details: oligosaccharide / References: 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine
DescriptorTypeProgram
DNeup5Aca2-6DGalpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/3,3,2/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a2112h-1b_1-5][Aad21122h-2a_2-6_5*NCC/3=O]/1-2-3/a4-b1_b6-c2WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Galp]{[(6+2)][a-D-Neup5Ac]{}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#5: Sugar ChemComp-NAG / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-glucose / N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE


Type: D-saccharide, beta linking / Mass: 221.208 Da / Num. of mol.: 3 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C8H15NO6
IdentifierTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcbCONDENSED IUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
N-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosamineCOMMON NAMEGMML 1.0
b-D-GlcpNAcIUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLPDB-CARE 1.0
GlcNAcSNFG CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: HN/4-10 H3N8 G228 HA complexed with LSTc / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.18 MDa / Experimental value: YES
Source (natural)Organism: Influenza A virus
Source (recombinant)Organism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
Buffer solutionpH: 8
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.84 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 22596 / Symmetry type: POINT
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00312110
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.44216427
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d4.2681793
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0411886
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0032107

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