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- PDB-8k8e: Human gamma-secretase in complex with a substrate mimetic -

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Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 8k8e
TitleHuman gamma-secretase in complex with a substrate mimetic
Components
  • (Gamma-secretase subunit ...) x 2
  • Nicastrin
  • Presenilin-1
  • ZQN-GLY-AIB-VAL-VAL-ILE-AIB-PHE-VAL-AIB-GLY-GLY-GLY-VAL-JUU-LEU-VAL-NH2
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / Complex / protease / substrate mimetic
Function / homology
Function and homology information


Cajal-Retzius cell differentiation / positive regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane / amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process / negative regulation of core promoter binding / positive regulation of endopeptidase activity / gamma-secretase complex / aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving / short-term synaptic potentiation / positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process / Noncanonical activation of NOTCH3 ...Cajal-Retzius cell differentiation / positive regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane / amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process / negative regulation of core promoter binding / positive regulation of endopeptidase activity / gamma-secretase complex / aspartic endopeptidase activity, intramembrane cleaving / short-term synaptic potentiation / positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process / Noncanonical activation of NOTCH3 / protein catabolic process at postsynapse / TGFBR3 PTM regulation / sequestering of calcium ion / Notch receptor processing / synaptic vesicle targeting / negative regulation of axonogenesis / positive regulation of coagulation / central nervous system myelination / membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis / growth factor receptor binding / choline transport / T cell activation involved in immune response / skin morphogenesis / NOTCH4 Activation and Transmission of Signal to the Nucleus / dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning / neural retina development / regulation of resting membrane potential / L-glutamate import across plasma membrane / regulation of phosphorylation / Regulated proteolysis of p75NTR / myeloid dendritic cell differentiation / metanephros development / brain morphogenesis / locomotion / endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis / amyloid precursor protein metabolic process / regulation of synaptic vesicle cycle / regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation / regulation of postsynapse organization / embryonic limb morphogenesis / cell fate specification / astrocyte activation involved in immune response / smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis / regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway / myeloid cell homeostasis / aggresome / azurophil granule membrane / skeletal system morphogenesis / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Aspartic endopeptidases / G protein-coupled dopamine receptor signaling pathway / glutamate receptor signaling pathway / Golgi cisterna membrane / ciliary rootlet / positive regulation of amyloid fibril formation / protein glycosylation / blood vessel development / mitochondrial transport / amyloid-beta formation / heart looping / amyloid precursor protein catabolic process / regulation of neuron projection development / positive regulation of dendritic spine development / positive regulation of receptor recycling / cerebral cortex cell migration / nuclear outer membrane / adult behavior / membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis / negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway / EPH-ephrin mediated repulsion of cells / autophagosome assembly / negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process / endopeptidase activator activity / neuron development / NOTCH2 Activation and Transmission of Signal to the Nucleus / somitogenesis / T cell proliferation / smooth endoplasmic reticulum / hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation / Nuclear signaling by ERBB4 / calcium ion homeostasis / NRIF signals cell death from the nucleus / regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic / Activated NOTCH1 Transmits Signal to the Nucleus / rough endoplasmic reticulum / Degradation of the extracellular matrix / Notch signaling pathway / neuron projection maintenance / NOTCH3 Activation and Transmission of Signal to the Nucleus / cellular response to calcium ion / thymus development / cerebellum development / positive regulation of glycolytic process / dendritic shaft / epithelial cell proliferation / post-embryonic development / PDZ domain binding / astrocyte activation / apoptotic signaling pathway / Constitutive Signaling by NOTCH1 PEST Domain Mutants / Constitutive Signaling by NOTCH1 HD+PEST Domain Mutants
Similarity search - Function
Peptidase A22A, presenilin 1 / Gamma-secretase subunit Aph-1 / Gamma-secretase aspartyl protease complex, presenilin enhancer-2 subunit / Aph-1 protein / Presenilin enhancer-2 subunit of gamma secretase / Peptidase A22A, presenilin / Presenilin, C-terminal / Presenilin / Nicastrin / Nicastrin, small lobe ...Peptidase A22A, presenilin 1 / Gamma-secretase subunit Aph-1 / Gamma-secretase aspartyl protease complex, presenilin enhancer-2 subunit / Aph-1 protein / Presenilin enhancer-2 subunit of gamma secretase / Peptidase A22A, presenilin / Presenilin, C-terminal / Presenilin / Nicastrin / Nicastrin, small lobe / Nicastrin large lobe / Nicastrin small lobe / Presenilin/signal peptide peptidase / Presenilin, signal peptide peptidase, family
Similarity search - Domain/homology
CHOLESTEROL / 1,2-DIACYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE / Presenilin-1 / Nicastrin / Gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A / Gamma-secretase subunit PEN-2
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
synthetic construct (others)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.6 Å
AuthorsShi, Y.G. / Zhou, R. / Wolfe, M.S.
Funding support China, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)81920108015 China
CitationJournal: Cell Rep / Year: 2024
Title: Familial Alzheimer mutations stabilize synaptotoxic γ-secretase-substrate complexes.
Authors: Sujan Devkota / Rui Zhou / Vaishnavi Nagarajan / Masato Maesako / Hung Do / Arshad Noorani / Caitlin Overmeyer / Sanjay Bhattarai / Justin T Douglas / Anita Saraf / Yinglong Miao / Brian D ...Authors: Sujan Devkota / Rui Zhou / Vaishnavi Nagarajan / Masato Maesako / Hung Do / Arshad Noorani / Caitlin Overmeyer / Sanjay Bhattarai / Justin T Douglas / Anita Saraf / Yinglong Miao / Brian D Ackley / Yigong Shi / Michael S Wolfe /
Abstract: Mutations that cause familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) are found in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin, the catalytic component of γ-secretase, that together produce amyloid β-peptide ...Mutations that cause familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) are found in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin, the catalytic component of γ-secretase, that together produce amyloid β-peptide (Aβ). Nevertheless, whether Aβ is the primary disease driver remains controversial. We report here that FAD mutations disrupt initial proteolytic events in the multistep processing of APP substrate C99 by γ-secretase. Cryoelectron microscopy reveals that a substrate mimetic traps γ-secretase during the transition state, and this structure aligns with activated enzyme-substrate complex captured by molecular dynamics simulations. In silico simulations and in cellulo fluorescence microscopy support stabilization of enzyme-substrate complexes by FAD mutations. Neuronal expression of C99 and/or presenilin-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans leads to synaptic loss only with FAD-mutant transgenes. Designed mutations that stabilize the enzyme-substrate complex and block Aβ production likewise led to synaptic loss. Collectively, these findings implicate the stalled process-not the products-of γ-secretase cleavage of substrates in FAD pathogenesis.
History
DepositionJul 29, 2023Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBC
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Revision 2.0Jul 16, 2025Group: Atomic model / Author supporting evidence ...Atomic model / Author supporting evidence / Data collection / Database references / Derived calculations / Non-polymer description / Polymer sequence / Structure summary
Category: atom_site / chem_comp ...atom_site / chem_comp / chem_comp_atom / chem_comp_bond / em_admin / em_entity_assembly / em_software / entity / entity_poly / entity_poly_seq / pdbx_entity_instance_feature / pdbx_entry_details / pdbx_modification_feature / pdbx_poly_seq_scheme / struct_conf / struct_conn / struct_ref_seq
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Revision 2.0Jul 16, 2025Data content type: EM metadata
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Nicastrin
B: Presenilin-1
C: Gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A
D: Gamma-secretase subunit PEN-2
H: ZQN-GLY-AIB-VAL-VAL-ILE-AIB-PHE-VAL-AIB-GLY-GLY-GLY-VAL-JUU-LEU-VAL-NH2
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)178,32417
Polymers174,1175
Non-polymers4,20612
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

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Protein , 2 types, 2 molecules AB

#1: Protein Nicastrin


Mass: 78483.570 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: NCSTN, KIAA0253, UNQ1874/PRO4317 / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: Q92542
#2: Protein Presenilin-1 / PS-1 / Protein S182


Mass: 52713.535 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: PSEN1, AD3, PS1, PSNL1 / Production host: Homo sapiens (human)
References: UniProt: P49768, Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Aspartic endopeptidases

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Gamma-secretase subunit ... , 2 types, 2 molecules CD

#3: Protein Gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A / APH-1a / Aph-1alpha / Presenilin-stabilization factor


Mass: 29017.943 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: APH1A, PSF, CGI-78, UNQ579/PRO1141 / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: Q96BI3
#4: Protein Gamma-secretase subunit PEN-2 / Presenilin enhancer protein 2


Mass: 12038.029 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: PSENEN, PEN2, MDS033 / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: Q9NZ42

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Protein/peptide , 1 types, 1 molecules H

#5: Protein/peptide ZQN-GLY-AIB-VAL-VAL-ILE-AIB-PHE-VAL-AIB-GLY-GLY-GLY-VAL-JUU-LEU-VAL-NH2


Mass: 1864.298 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) synthetic construct (others)

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Sugars , 3 types, 8 molecules

#6: Polysaccharide 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 424.401 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/1,2,1/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1-1/a4-b1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#7: Polysaccharide beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 504.438 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpb1-3[DManpb1-6]DManpb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/1,3,2/[a1122h-1b_1-5]/1-1-1/a3-b1_a6-c1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-Manp]{[(3+1)][b-D-Manp]{}[(6+1)][b-D-Manp]{}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#8: Sugar
ChemComp-NAG / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-glucose / N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE


Type: D-saccharide, beta linking / Mass: 221.208 Da / Num. of mol.: 6 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C8H15NO6
IdentifierTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcbCONDENSED IUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
N-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosamineCOMMON NAMEGMML 1.0
b-D-GlcpNAcIUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLPDB-CARE 1.0
GlcNAcSNFG CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0

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Non-polymers , 2 types, 4 molecules

#9: Chemical ChemComp-PC1 / 1,2-DIACYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE / 3-SN-PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE


Mass: 790.145 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C44H88NO8P / Comment: phospholipid*YM
#10: Chemical ChemComp-CLR / CHOLESTEROL


Mass: 386.654 Da / Num. of mol.: 3 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C27H46O

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Details

Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Human gamma-secretase / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#4 / Source: MULTIPLE SOURCES
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1800 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1500 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: NONE
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.6 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 349532 / Symmetry type: POINT
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00411174
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.60315241
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d9.5311712
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0971811
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0041840

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