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- PDB-7u50: APE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6 -

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Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 7u50
TitleAPE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6
Components
  • DNA (144-MER)
  • DNA (145-MER)
  • DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease
  • Histone H2A type 1
  • Histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I
  • Histone H3.2
  • Histone H4
KeywordsDNA BINDING PROTEIN/DNA / nucleosome / DNA damage / DNA repair / DNA BINDING PROTEIN / DNA BINDING PROTEIN-DNA complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


Resolution of Abasic Sites (AP sites) / phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands / telomere maintenance via base-excision repair / class II DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity / : / DNA-(abasic site) binding / double-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity / double-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity / exodeoxyribonuclease III / Displacement of DNA glycosylase by APEX1 ...Resolution of Abasic Sites (AP sites) / phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands / telomere maintenance via base-excision repair / class II DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity / : / DNA-(abasic site) binding / double-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity / double-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity / exodeoxyribonuclease III / Displacement of DNA glycosylase by APEX1 / 3'-5'-DNA exonuclease activity / double-stranded telomeric DNA binding / positive regulation of gene expression via chromosomal CpG island demethylation / phosphoric diester hydrolase activity / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Endodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters / uracil DNA N-glycosylase activity / DNA catabolic process / phosphodiesterase I activity / Resolution of AP sites via the multiple-nucleotide patch replacement pathway / Abasic sugar-phosphate removal via the single-nucleotide replacement pathway / POLB-Dependent Long Patch Base Excision Repair / PCNA-Dependent Long Patch Base Excision Repair / negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation / protein localization to CENP-A containing chromatin / Chromatin modifying enzymes / Replacement of protamines by nucleosomes in the male pronucleus / base-excision repair, gap-filling / CENP-A containing nucleosome / Packaging Of Telomere Ends / DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity / 3'-5' exonuclease activity / regulation of mRNA stability / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected purine / Cleavage of the damaged purine / Deposition of new CENPA-containing nucleosomes at the centromere / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected pyrimidine / Cleavage of the damaged pyrimidine / telomere organization / Interleukin-7 signaling / telomere maintenance / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Opening / cell redox homeostasis / Inhibition of DNA recombination at telomere / Assembly of the ORC complex at the origin of replication / Meiotic synapsis / SUMOylation of chromatin organization proteins / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by the Human Silencing Hub (HUSH) complex / DNA methylation / Condensation of Prophase Chromosomes / Chromatin modifications during the maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) / SIRT1 negatively regulates rRNA expression / HCMV Late Events / ERCC6 (CSB) and EHMT2 (G9a) positively regulate rRNA expression / innate immune response in mucosa / PRC2 methylates histones and DNA / DNA endonuclease activity / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by KRAB-ZFP proteins / Defective pyroptosis / HDACs deacetylate histones / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) / Nonhomologous End-Joining (NHEJ) / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape / Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs / Formation of the beta-catenin:TCF transactivating complex / Activated PKN1 stimulates transcription of AR (androgen receptor) regulated genes KLK2 and KLK3 / RUNX1 regulates genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet function / HDMs demethylate histones / base-excision repair / G2/M DNA damage checkpoint / NoRC negatively regulates rRNA expression / chromatin DNA binding / B-WICH complex positively regulates rRNA expression / PKMTs methylate histone lysines / DNA Damage/Telomere Stress Induced Senescence / Meiotic recombination / Pre-NOTCH Transcription and Translation / Metalloprotease DUBs / Activation of anterior HOX genes in hindbrain development during early embryogenesis / RMTs methylate histone arginines / Transcriptional regulation of granulopoiesis / RNA-DNA hybrid ribonuclease activity / HCMV Early Events / antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide / structural constituent of chromatin / UCH proteinases / transcription corepressor activity / antibacterial humoral response / heterochromatin formation / nucleosome / nucleosome assembly / E3 ubiquitin ligases ubiquitinate target proteins / Recruitment and ATM-mediated phosphorylation of repair and signaling proteins at DNA double strand breaks / HATs acetylate histones / RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in differentiation of HSCs / Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production / MLL4 and MLL3 complexes regulate expression of PPARG target genes in adipogenesis and hepatic steatosis / chromatin organization / Processing of DNA double-strand break ends / Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) / endonuclease activity
Similarity search - Function
AP endonucleases family 1 signature 2. / AP endonuclease 1, conserved site / AP endonucleases family 1 signature 3. / AP endonuclease 1, binding site / AP endonucleases family 1 signature 1. / AP endonuclease 1 / AP endonucleases family 1 profile. / Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase / Endonuclease/Exonuclease/phosphatase family / Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase superfamily ...AP endonucleases family 1 signature 2. / AP endonuclease 1, conserved site / AP endonucleases family 1 signature 3. / AP endonuclease 1, binding site / AP endonucleases family 1 signature 1. / AP endonuclease 1 / AP endonucleases family 1 profile. / Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase / Endonuclease/Exonuclease/phosphatase family / Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase superfamily / : / Histone H2B signature. / Histone H2A conserved site / Histone H2A signature. / Histone H2B / Histone H2B / Histone H2A, C-terminal domain / C-terminus of histone H2A / Histone 2A / Histone H2A / TATA box binding protein associated factor / TATA box binding protein associated factor (TAF), histone-like fold domain / Histone H4, conserved site / Histone H4 signature. / Histone H4 / Histone H4 / CENP-T/Histone H4, histone fold / Centromere kinetochore component CENP-T histone fold / Histone H3 signature 1. / Histone H3 signature 2. / Histone H3 / Histone H3/CENP-A / Histone H2A/H2B/H3 / Core histone H2A/H2B/H3/H4 domain / Histone-fold
Similarity search - Domain/homology
DNA / DNA (> 10) / DNA (> 100) / Histone H2A type 1 / DNA repair nuclease/redox regulator APEX1 / Histone H4 / Histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I / Histone H3.2
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
synthetic construct (others)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.4 Å
AuthorsWeaver, T.M. / Freudenthal, B.D.
Funding support United States, 2items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)R35GM128562 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)F32GM140718 United States
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2022
Title: Structural basis for APE1 processing DNA damage in the nucleosome.
Authors: Tyler M Weaver / Nicole M Hoitsma / Jonah J Spencer / Lokesh Gakhar / Nicholas J Schnicker / Bret D Freudenthal /
Abstract: Genomic DNA is continually exposed to endogenous and exogenous factors that promote DNA damage. Eukaryotic genomic DNA is packaged into nucleosomes, which present a barrier to accessing and ...Genomic DNA is continually exposed to endogenous and exogenous factors that promote DNA damage. Eukaryotic genomic DNA is packaged into nucleosomes, which present a barrier to accessing and effectively repairing DNA damage. The mechanisms by which DNA repair proteins overcome this barrier to repair DNA damage in the nucleosome and protect genomic stability is unknown. Here, we determine how the base excision repair (BER) endonuclease AP-endonuclease 1 (APE1) recognizes and cleaves DNA damage in the nucleosome. Kinetic assays determine that APE1 cleaves solvent-exposed AP sites in the nucleosome with 3 - 6 orders of magnitude higher efficiency than occluded AP sites. A cryo-electron microscopy structure of APE1 bound to a nucleosome containing a solvent-exposed AP site reveal that APE1 uses a DNA sculpting mechanism for AP site recognition, where APE1 bends the nucleosomal DNA to access the AP site. Notably, additional biochemical and structural characterization of occluded AP sites identify contacts between the nucleosomal DNA and histone octamer that prevent efficient processing of the AP site by APE1. These findings provide a rationale for the position-dependent activity of BER proteins in the nucleosome and suggests the ability of BER proteins to sculpt nucleosomal DNA drives efficient BER in chromatin.
History
DepositionMar 1, 2022Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Sep 7, 2022Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Oct 5, 2022Group: Database references / Category: citation / citation_author
Item: _citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev ..._citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev / _citation.journal_id_CSD / _citation.journal_id_ISSN / _citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first / _citation.page_last / _citation.pdbx_database_id_DOI / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation.year
Revision 1.2Jun 12, 2024Group: Data collection / Category: chem_comp_atom / chem_comp_bond

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Histone H3.2
B: Histone H4
C: Histone H2A type 1
D: Histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I
E: Histone H3.2
F: Histone H4
G: Histone H2A type 1
H: Histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I
I: DNA (144-MER)
J: DNA (145-MER)
K: DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)234,85711
Polymers234,85711
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: native gel electrophoresis
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

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Protein , 5 types, 9 molecules AEBFCGDHK

#1: Protein Histone H3.2 / H3-clustered histone 13 / H3-clustered histone 14 / H3-clustered histone 15 / Histone H3/m / Histone H3/o


Mass: 15257.838 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human)
Gene: H3C15, HIST2H3A, H3C14, H3F2, H3FM, HIST2H3C, H3C13, HIST2H3D
Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: Q71DI3
#2: Protein Histone H4


Mass: 11263.231 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human)
Gene: H4C1, H4/A, H4FA, HIST1H4A, H4C2, H4/I, H4FI, HIST1H4B, H4C3, H4/G, H4FG, HIST1H4C, H4C4, H4/B, H4FB, HIST1H4D, H4C5, H4/J, H4FJ, HIST1H4E, H4C6, H4/C, H4FC, HIST1H4F, H4C8, H4/H, H4FH, ...Gene: H4C1, H4/A, H4FA, HIST1H4A, H4C2, H4/I, H4FI, HIST1H4B, H4C3, H4/G, H4FG, HIST1H4C, H4C4, H4/B, H4FB, HIST1H4D, H4C5, H4/J, H4FJ, HIST1H4E, H4C6, H4/C, H4FC, HIST1H4F, H4C8, H4/H, H4FH, HIST1H4H, H4C9, H4/M, H4FM, HIST1H4I, H4C11, H4/E, H4FE, HIST1H4J, H4C12, H4/D, H4FD, HIST1H4K, H4C13, H4/K, H4FK, HIST1H4L, H4C14, H4/N, H4F2, H4FN, HIST2H4, HIST2H4A, H4C15, H4/O, H4FO, HIST2H4B, H4-16, HIST4H4
Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P62805
#3: Protein Histone H2A type 1 / H2A.1 / Histone H2A/ptl


Mass: 13990.342 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human)
Gene: H2AC11, H2AFP, HIST1H2AG, H2AC13, H2AFC, HIST1H2AI, H2AC15, H2AFD, HIST1H2AK, H2AC16, H2AFI, HIST1H2AL, H2AC17, H2AFN, HIST1H2AM
Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P0C0S8
#4: Protein Histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I / Histone H2B.1 A / Histone H2B.a / H2B/a / Histone H2B.g / H2B/g / Histone H2B.h / H2B/h / Histone ...Histone H2B.1 A / Histone H2B.a / H2B/a / Histone H2B.g / H2B/g / Histone H2B.h / H2B/h / Histone H2B.k / H2B/k / Histone H2B.l / H2B/l


Mass: 13806.018 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human)
Gene: H2BC4, H2BFL, HIST1H2BC, H2BC6, H2BFH, HIST1H2BE, H2BC7, H2BFG, HIST1H2BF, H2BC8, H2BFA, HIST1H2BG, H2BC10, H2BFK, HIST1H2BI
Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P62807
#7: Protein DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease / APEX nuclease / APEN / Apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 / AP endonuclease 1 / APE-1 / REF-1 / ...APEX nuclease / APEN / Apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 / AP endonuclease 1 / APE-1 / REF-1 / Redox factor-1


Mass: 35606.492 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: APEX1, APE, APE1, APEX, APX, HAP1, REF1 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
References: UniProt: P27695, Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds

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DNA chain , 2 types, 2 molecules IJ

#5: DNA chain DNA (144-MER)


Mass: 45005.656 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) synthetic construct (others)
#6: DNA chain DNA (145-MER)


Mass: 45610.043 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) synthetic construct (others)

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Details

Has ligand of interestY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: APE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4
Buffer component
IDConc.NameBuffer-ID
150 mMsodium chloride1
225 mMHEPES1
35 mMEDTA1
41 mMTCEP1
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid material: COPPER / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R2/2
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2200 nm / Nominal defocus min: 800 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

SoftwareName: PHENIX / Version: 1.19.2_4158: / Classification: refinement
EM software
IDNameCategory
4cryoSPARCCTF correction
10cryoSPARCinitial Euler assignment
11cryoSPARCfinal Euler assignment
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.4 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 58854 / Symmetry type: POINT
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00914882
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d1.10621345
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d27.2036044
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.062406
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0071713

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