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Basic information
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Title | APE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6 | |||||||||
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![]() | nucleosome / DNA damage / DNA repair / DNA BINDING PROTEIN / DNA BINDING PROTEIN-DNA complex | |||||||||
Function / homology | ![]() Resolution of Abasic Sites (AP sites) / phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands / telomere maintenance via base-excision repair / class II DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity / : / DNA-(abasic site) binding / double-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity / double-stranded telomeric DNA binding / double-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity / exodeoxyribonuclease III ...Resolution of Abasic Sites (AP sites) / phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands / telomere maintenance via base-excision repair / class II DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity / : / DNA-(abasic site) binding / double-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity / double-stranded telomeric DNA binding / double-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity / exodeoxyribonuclease III / Displacement of DNA glycosylase by APEX1 / 3'-5'-DNA exonuclease activity / positive regulation of gene expression via chromosomal CpG island demethylation / phosphoric diester hydrolase activity / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Endodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters / uracil DNA N-glycosylase activity / DNA catabolic process / phosphodiesterase I activity / Resolution of AP sites via the multiple-nucleotide patch replacement pathway / Abasic sugar-phosphate removal via the single-nucleotide replacement pathway / POLB-Dependent Long Patch Base Excision Repair / PCNA-Dependent Long Patch Base Excision Repair / negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation / protein localization to CENP-A containing chromatin / Chromatin modifying enzymes / Replacement of protamines by nucleosomes in the male pronucleus / CENP-A containing nucleosome / Packaging Of Telomere Ends / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected purine / Cleavage of the damaged purine / base-excision repair, gap-filling / regulation of mRNA stability / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected pyrimidine / Cleavage of the damaged pyrimidine / Deposition of new CENPA-containing nucleosomes at the centromere / 3'-5' exonuclease activity / DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity / telomere organization / Inhibition of DNA recombination at telomere / Meiotic synapsis / Interleukin-7 signaling / telomere maintenance / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Opening / Assembly of the ORC complex at the origin of replication / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by the Human Silencing Hub (HUSH) complex / innate immune response in mucosa / SUMOylation of chromatin organization proteins / cell redox homeostasis / DNA methylation / Condensation of Prophase Chromosomes / Chromatin modifications during the maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) / HCMV Late Events / SIRT1 negatively regulates rRNA expression / ERCC6 (CSB) and EHMT2 (G9a) positively regulate rRNA expression / PRC2 methylates histones and DNA / DNA endonuclease activity / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by KRAB-ZFP proteins / Defective pyroptosis / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) / HDACs deacetylate histones / Nonhomologous End-Joining (NHEJ) / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape / Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs / Formation of the beta-catenin:TCF transactivating complex / RUNX1 regulates genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet function / Activated PKN1 stimulates transcription of AR (androgen receptor) regulated genes KLK2 and KLK3 / G2/M DNA damage checkpoint / HDMs demethylate histones / NoRC negatively regulates rRNA expression / base-excision repair / DNA Damage/Telomere Stress Induced Senescence / B-WICH complex positively regulates rRNA expression / PKMTs methylate histone lysines / Meiotic recombination / chromatin DNA binding / Pre-NOTCH Transcription and Translation / Metalloprotease DUBs / RMTs methylate histone arginines / Activation of anterior HOX genes in hindbrain development during early embryogenesis / Transcriptional regulation of granulopoiesis / HCMV Early Events / antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide / RNA-DNA hybrid ribonuclease activity / transcription corepressor activity / structural constituent of chromatin / antibacterial humoral response / UCH proteinases / nucleosome / heterochromatin formation / E3 ubiquitin ligases ubiquitinate target proteins / nucleosome assembly / Recruitment and ATM-mediated phosphorylation of repair and signaling proteins at DNA double strand breaks / chromatin organization / HATs acetylate histones / RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in differentiation of HSCs / Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production / MLL4 and MLL3 complexes regulate expression of PPARG target genes in adipogenesis and hepatic steatosis / Processing of DNA double-strand break ends / Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) / endonuclease activity Similarity search - Function | |||||||||
Biological species | ![]() | |||||||||
Method | single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.4 Å | |||||||||
![]() | Weaver TM / Freudenthal BD | |||||||||
Funding support | ![]()
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![]() | ![]() Title: Structural basis for APE1 processing DNA damage in the nucleosome. Authors: Tyler M Weaver / Nicole M Hoitsma / Jonah J Spencer / Lokesh Gakhar / Nicholas J Schnicker / Bret D Freudenthal / ![]() Abstract: Genomic DNA is continually exposed to endogenous and exogenous factors that promote DNA damage. Eukaryotic genomic DNA is packaged into nucleosomes, which present a barrier to accessing and ...Genomic DNA is continually exposed to endogenous and exogenous factors that promote DNA damage. Eukaryotic genomic DNA is packaged into nucleosomes, which present a barrier to accessing and effectively repairing DNA damage. The mechanisms by which DNA repair proteins overcome this barrier to repair DNA damage in the nucleosome and protect genomic stability is unknown. Here, we determine how the base excision repair (BER) endonuclease AP-endonuclease 1 (APE1) recognizes and cleaves DNA damage in the nucleosome. Kinetic assays determine that APE1 cleaves solvent-exposed AP sites in the nucleosome with 3 - 6 orders of magnitude higher efficiency than occluded AP sites. A cryo-electron microscopy structure of APE1 bound to a nucleosome containing a solvent-exposed AP site reveal that APE1 uses a DNA sculpting mechanism for AP site recognition, where APE1 bends the nucleosomal DNA to access the AP site. Notably, additional biochemical and structural characterization of occluded AP sites identify contacts between the nucleosomal DNA and histone octamer that prevent efficient processing of the AP site by APE1. These findings provide a rationale for the position-dependent activity of BER proteins in the nucleosome and suggests the ability of BER proteins to sculpt nucleosomal DNA drives efficient BER in chromatin. | |||||||||
History |
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Structure visualization
Supplemental images |
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Downloads & links
-EMDB archive
Map data | ![]() | 1.2 GB | ![]() | |
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Header (meta data) | ![]() ![]() | 18.2 KB 18.2 KB | Display Display | ![]() |
Images | ![]() | 68.6 KB | ||
Filedesc metadata | ![]() | 6.8 KB | ||
Archive directory | ![]() ![]() | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
Related structure data | ![]() 7u50MC ![]() 7u51C ![]() 7u52C ![]() 7u53C M: atomic model generated by this map C: citing same article ( |
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Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology ![]() |
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Links
EMDB pages | ![]() ![]() |
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Related items in Molecule of the Month |
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Map
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Projections & slices | Image control
Images are generated by Spider. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Voxel size | X=Y=Z: 0.40075 Å | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Density |
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Symmetry | Space group: 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Details | EMDB XML:
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-Supplemental data
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Sample components
-Entire : APE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6
Entire | Name: APE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6 |
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Components |
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-Supramolecule #1: APE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6
Supramolecule | Name: APE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6 type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#7 |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
-Macromolecule #1: Histone H3.2
Macromolecule | Name: Histone H3.2 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 15.257838 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: ARTKQTARKS TGGKAPRKQL ATKAARKSAP ATGGVKKPHR YRPGTVALRE IRRYQKSTEL LIRKLPFQRL VREIAQDFKT DLRFQSSAV MALQEASEAY LVGLFEDTNL AAIHAKRVTI MPKDIQLARR IRGERA UniProtKB: Histone H3.2 |
-Macromolecule #2: Histone H4
Macromolecule | Name: Histone H4 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 11.263231 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: SGRGKGGKGL GKGGAKRHRK VLRDNIQGIT KPAIRRLARR GGVKRISGLI YEETRGVLKV FLENVIRDAV TYTEHAKRKT VTAMDVVYA LKRQGRTLYG FGG UniProtKB: Histone H4 |
-Macromolecule #3: Histone H2A type 1
Macromolecule | Name: Histone H2A type 1 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 13.990342 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: SGRGKQGGKA RAKAKTRSSR AGLQFPVGRV HRLLRKGNYA ERVGAGAPVY LAAVLEYLTA EILELAGNAA RDNKKTRIIP RHLQLAIRN DEELNKLLGK VTIAQGGVLP NIQAVLLPKK TESHHKAKGK UniProtKB: Histone H2A type 1 |
-Macromolecule #4: Histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I
Macromolecule | Name: Histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 13.806018 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: PEPAKSAPAP KKGSKKAVTK AQKKDGKKRK RSRKESYSVY VYKVLKQVHP DTGISSKAMG IMNSFVNDIF ERIAGEASRL AHYNKRSTI TSREIQTAVR LLLPGELAKH AVSEGTKAVT KYTSSK UniProtKB: Histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I |
-Macromolecule #7: DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease
Macromolecule | Name: DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 7 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO / EC number: Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds |
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Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 35.606492 KDa |
Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() ![]() |
Sequence | String: MPKRGKKGAV AEDGDELRTE PEAKKSKTAA KKNDKEAAGE GPALYEDPPD QKTSPSGKPA TLKICSWNVD GLRAWIKKKG LDWVKEEAP DILCLQETKC SENKLPAELQ ELPGLSHQYW SAPSDKEGYS GVGLLSRQCP LKVSYGIGDE EHDQEGRVIV A EFDSFVLV ...String: MPKRGKKGAV AEDGDELRTE PEAKKSKTAA KKNDKEAAGE GPALYEDPPD QKTSPSGKPA TLKICSWNVD GLRAWIKKKG LDWVKEEAP DILCLQETKC SENKLPAELQ ELPGLSHQYW SAPSDKEGYS GVGLLSRQCP LKVSYGIGDE EHDQEGRVIV A EFDSFVLV TAYVPNAGRG LVRLEYRQRW DEAFRKFLKG LASRKPLVLC GDLNVAHEEI DLRNPKGNKK NAGFTPQERQ GF GELLQAV PLADSFRHLY PNTPYAYTFW TYMMNARSKN VGWRLDYFLL SHSLLPALCD SKIRSKALGS DHCPITLYLA L UniProtKB: DNA repair nuclease/redox regulator APEX1 |
-Macromolecule #5: DNA (144-MER)
Macromolecule | Name: DNA (144-MER) / type: dna / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Classification: DNA |
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Source (natural) | Organism: synthetic construct (others) |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 45.005656 KDa |
Sequence | String: (DA)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DA) (DA)(DT)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DG) (DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DT) ...String: (DA)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DA) (DA)(DT)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DG) (DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DG)(DC)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DA) (DA)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DA)(DC)(DG) (DT)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DG)(DT) (DC)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DC) (DA)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DT) (DC)(DT)(DC)(DC)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DC)(DA) (DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DT) (DA)(DT)(DA)(DT)(3DR) (DC)(DA)(DT)(DC) (DC)(DG)(DA)(DT) |
-Macromolecule #6: DNA (145-MER)
Macromolecule | Name: DNA (145-MER) / type: dna / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Classification: DNA |
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Source (natural) | Organism: synthetic construct (others) |
Molecular weight | Theoretical: 45.610043 KDa |
Sequence | String: (DA)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DT)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DC)(DT)(DG)(DA)(DC) (DA)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DG) (DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG) (DA) (DG)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC) ...String: (DA)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DT)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DC)(DT)(DG)(DA)(DC) (DA)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DG) (DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG) (DA) (DG)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DA) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DC) (DG)(DT)(DA) (DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DG) (DT)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DG)(DC)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DT) (DG)(DT)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DA)(DA)(DT)(DT)(DG) (DA)(DG)(DC)(DG) (DG)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DA)(DC) (DC)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT) (DT)(DC)(DT) (DC)(DG)(DA)(DT) |
-Experimental details
-Structure determination
Method | cryo EM |
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![]() | single particle reconstruction |
Aggregation state | particle |
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Sample preparation
Buffer | pH: 7.4 Component:
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Grid | Model: Quantifoil R2/2 / Material: COPPER / Mesh: 300 / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Time: 60 sec. | ||||||||||
Vitrification | Cryogen name: ETHANE |
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Electron microscopy
Microscope | FEI TITAN KRIOS |
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Image recording | Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 50.0 e/Å2 |
Electron beam | Acceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: ![]() |
Electron optics | Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.2 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.8 µm |
Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |
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Image processing
Startup model | Type of model: OTHER |
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Final reconstruction | Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.4 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 58854 |
Initial angle assignment | Type: RANDOM ASSIGNMENT / Software - Name: cryoSPARC / Details: Ab-initio |
Final angle assignment | Type: OTHER / Software - Name: cryoSPARC |