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- PDB-6yyt: Structure of replicating SARS-CoV-2 polymerase -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 6yyt
TitleStructure of replicating SARS-CoV-2 polymerase
Components
  • RNA product
  • nsp12
  • nsp7
  • nsp8
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN / RNA polymerase / replication / transcription / SARS-CoV-2
Function / homology
Function and homology information


protein guanylyltransferase activity / RNA endonuclease activity producing 3'-phosphomonoesters, hydrolytic mechanism / mRNA guanylyltransferase activity / 5'-3' RNA helicase activity / Lyases; Phosphorus-oxygen lyases / Assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex (RTC) / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity / Maturation of replicase proteins / ISG15-specific peptidase activity / TRAF3-dependent IRF activation pathway ...protein guanylyltransferase activity / RNA endonuclease activity producing 3'-phosphomonoesters, hydrolytic mechanism / mRNA guanylyltransferase activity / 5'-3' RNA helicase activity / Lyases; Phosphorus-oxygen lyases / Assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex (RTC) / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity / Maturation of replicase proteins / ISG15-specific peptidase activity / TRAF3-dependent IRF activation pathway / Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs / snRNP Assembly / Translation of Replicase and Assembly of the Replication Transcription Complex / Replication of the SARS-CoV-2 genome / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters / host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment / double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane / SARS coronavirus main proteinase / 5'-3' DNA helicase activity / 3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity / host cell endosome / symbiont-mediated degradation of host mRNA / mRNA guanylyltransferase / symbiont-mediated suppression of host ISG15-protein conjugation / symbiont-mediated suppression of host toll-like receptor signaling pathway / G-quadruplex RNA binding / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF3 activity / omega peptidase activity / mRNA (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase / SARS-CoV-2 modulates host translation machinery / methyltransferase cap1 / host cell Golgi apparatus / symbiont-mediated suppression of host NF-kappaB cascade / symbiont-mediated perturbation of host ubiquitin-like protein modification / DNA helicase / methyltransferase cap1 activity / ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1 / cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity / mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases / single-stranded RNA binding / host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm / regulation of autophagy / viral protein processing / lyase activity / host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane / RNA helicase / symbiont-mediated suppression of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway / symbiont-mediated suppression of host gene expression / copper ion binding / viral translational frameshifting / symbiont-mediated activation of host autophagy / RNA-directed RNA polymerase / cysteine-type endopeptidase activity / viral RNA genome replication / RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / DNA-templated transcription / lipid binding / SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses / host cell nucleus / ATP hydrolysis activity / proteolysis / RNA binding / zinc ion binding / ATP binding / membrane
Similarity search - Function
Nsp8 replicase, head domain / RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SARS-CoV-like / Nonstructural protein 14, betacoronavirus / NSP15, NendoU domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, N-terminal domain, alpha/beta-coronavirus / NSP14, guanine-N7-methyltransferase domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) guanine-N7-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp15 N-terminal oligomerization domain profile. / NSP12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, coronavirus ...Nsp8 replicase, head domain / RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SARS-CoV-like / Nonstructural protein 14, betacoronavirus / NSP15, NendoU domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, N-terminal domain, alpha/beta-coronavirus / NSP14, guanine-N7-methyltransferase domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) guanine-N7-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp15 N-terminal oligomerization domain profile. / NSP12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, coronavirus / : / Coronavirus Nsp12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain profile. / Coronavirus Nsp12 Interface domain profile. / : / : / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, 1B domain / Coronavirus Non-structural protein 13, zinc-binding domain / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, stalk domain / Nidovirus 2-O-methyltransferase / Nidovirus 2'-O-methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP15, N-terminal domain superfamily, coronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP15, middle domain superfamily / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, N-terminal oligomerization / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 13, 1B domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, middle domain / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, N-terminal oligomerisation / Nidovirus 3'-5' exoribonuclease domain / Nidovirus 3'-5' exoribonuclease (ExoN) domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP16, coronavirus-like / Non-structural protein 14, coronavirus / RNA polymerase, N-terminal, coronavirus / Coronavirus 2'-O-methyltransferase / Coronavirus proofreading exoribonuclease / Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, N-terminal / Nonstructural protein 13, zinc-binding domain, coronavirus-like / Coronaviridae zinc-binding (CV ZBD) domain profile. / Arterivirus Nsp11 N-terminal/Coronavirus NSP15 middle domain / Arterivirus Nsp11 N-terminal/coronavirus NSP15 middle (AV-Nsp11N/CoV-Nsp15M) domain profile. / Nidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) domain profile. / Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain / Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain profile. / Endoribonuclease EndoU-like / NendoU domain, nidovirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, uridylate-specific endoribonuclease / : / Lipocalin signature. / DNA2/NAM7 helicase-like, C-terminal / AAA domain / (+) RNA virus helicase core domain / (+)RNA virus helicase core domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-N (Mac2) domain, betacoronavirus / Sarbecovirus Nsp3c-N domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP3, N-terminal, betacoronavirus / Polyprotein cleavage domain PL2pro superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-N (Mac2) domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus SUD-C domain / Betacoronavirus replicase NSP3, N-terminal / NSP1 globular domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein 2, SARS-CoV-like / Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase subdomain signature 2. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3c-M domain profile. / NSP1, globular domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-M domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-M domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus replicase NSP1 / Betacoronavirus single-stranded poly(A) binding domain / NSP1, C-terminal domain, betacoronavirus / : / Betacoronavirus (BetaCoV) Nsp1 C-terminal domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3e group 2-specific marker (G2M) domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3c-C domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3e nucleic acid-binding (NAB) domain profile. / DPUP/SUD, C-terminal, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, nucleic acid-binding domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3A domain-like superfamily / Non-structural protein NSP3, nucleic acid-binding domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein 6, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus nucleic acid-binding (NAB) / Papain-like viral protease, palm and finger domains, coronavirus / Papain-like protease, N-terminal domain superfamily, coronavirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP2, N-terminal / : / Coronavirus replicase NSP2, C-terminal / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 middle domain profile. / NSP1, globular domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp1 globular domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 N-terminal domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 C-terminal domain profile. / Nonstructural protein 2, N-terminal domain, coronavirus / Non-structural protein 2, C-terminal domain, coronavirus / NSP3, second ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus Nsp3a Ubl domain profile. / Coronavirus Nsp3d Ubl domain profile. / NSP3, first ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain, coronavirus / Peptidase family C16 domain profile. / : / : / Coronavirus replicase NSP7 / Coronavirus 3Ecto domain profile.
Similarity search - Domain/homology
RNA / RNA (> 10) / Replicase polyprotein 1ab
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
synthetic construct (others)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.9 Å
AuthorsHillen, H.S. / Kokic, G. / Farnung, L. / Dienemann, C. / Tegunov, D. / Cramer, P.
Funding support Germany, 6items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
German Research Foundation (DFG)FOR2848 Germany
German Research Foundation (DFG)EXC 2067/1 39072994 Germany
German Research Foundation (DFG)SFB860 Germany
German Research Foundation (DFG)SPP2191 Germany
European Research Council (ERC)TRANSREGULON Germany
Volkswagen Foundation Germany
CitationJournal: Nature / Year: 2020
Title: Structure of replicating SARS-CoV-2 polymerase.
Authors: Hauke S Hillen / Goran Kokic / Lucas Farnung / Christian Dienemann / Dimitry Tegunov / Patrick Cramer /
Abstract: The new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) for the replication of its genome and the transcription of its genes. ...The new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) for the replication of its genome and the transcription of its genes. Here we present a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp in an active form that mimics the replicating enzyme. The structure comprises the viral proteins non-structural protein 12 (nsp12), nsp8 and nsp7, and more than two turns of RNA template-product duplex. The active-site cleft of nsp12 binds to the first turn of RNA and mediates RdRp activity with conserved residues. Two copies of nsp8 bind to opposite sides of the cleft and position the second turn of RNA. Long helical extensions in nsp8 protrude along exiting RNA, forming positively charged 'sliding poles'. These sliding poles can account for the known processivity of RdRp that is required for replicating the long genome of coronaviruses. Our results enable a detailed analysis of the inhibitory mechanisms that underlie the antiviral activity of substances such as remdesivir, a drug for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
History
DepositionMay 6, 2020Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0May 13, 2020Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Jun 3, 2020Group: Database references / Category: citation / citation_author
Item: _citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev ..._citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev / _citation.journal_id_ASTM / _citation.journal_id_CSD / _citation.journal_id_ISSN / _citation.pdbx_database_id_DOI / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation.year / _citation_author.identifier_ORCID
Revision 1.2Aug 19, 2020Group: Database references / Category: citation
Item: _citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first / _citation.page_last
Revision 1.3May 22, 2024Group: Data collection / Database references / Refinement description
Category: chem_comp_atom / chem_comp_bond ...chem_comp_atom / chem_comp_bond / database_2 / em_3d_fitting_list / pdbx_initial_refinement_model
Item: _database_2.pdbx_DOI / _database_2.pdbx_database_accession ..._database_2.pdbx_DOI / _database_2.pdbx_database_accession / _em_3d_fitting_list.accession_code / _em_3d_fitting_list.initial_refinement_model_id / _em_3d_fitting_list.source_name / _em_3d_fitting_list.type

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Structure visualization

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: nsp12
B: nsp8
C: nsp7
D: nsp8
P: RNA product
Q: RNA product
T: RNA product
U: RNA product
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)183,80510
Polymers183,6748
Non-polymers1312
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: gel filtration
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551
Buried area19270 Å2
ΔGint-148 kcal/mol
Surface area61990 Å2
MethodPISA

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Components

#1: Protein nsp12 / pp1ab / ORF1ab polyprotein / nsp12


Mass: 107053.227 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b
Production host: Spodoptera aff. frugiperda 1 BOLD-2017 (butterflies/moths)
References: UniProt: P0DTD1, ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1, Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases, SARS coronavirus main proteinase, RNA-directed RNA polymerase, DNA ...References: UniProt: P0DTD1, ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1, Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases, SARS coronavirus main proteinase, RNA-directed RNA polymerase, DNA helicase, RNA helicase, Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters, Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds, Transferases; Transferring one-carbon groups; Methyltransferases
#2: Protein nsp8 / pp1ab / ORF1ab polyprotein / nsp8


Mass: 22175.309 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / Variant (production host): RIL
References: UniProt: P0DTD1, ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1, Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases, SARS coronavirus main proteinase, RNA-directed RNA polymerase, DNA ...References: UniProt: P0DTD1, ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1, Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases, SARS coronavirus main proteinase, RNA-directed RNA polymerase, DNA helicase, RNA helicase, Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters, Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds, Transferases; Transferring one-carbon groups; Methyltransferases
#3: Protein nsp7 / pp1ab / ORF1ab polyprotein / nsp7


Mass: 9521.062 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / Variant (production host): RIL
References: UniProt: P0DTD1, ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1, Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases, SARS coronavirus main proteinase, RNA-directed RNA polymerase, DNA ...References: UniProt: P0DTD1, ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1, Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases, SARS coronavirus main proteinase, RNA-directed RNA polymerase, DNA helicase, RNA helicase, Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters, Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds, Transferases; Transferring one-carbon groups; Methyltransferases
#4: RNA chain
RNA product


Mass: 5687.372 Da / Num. of mol.: 4 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) synthetic construct (others)
#5: Chemical ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn
Has ligand of interestN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

Component
IDNameTypeEntity IDParent-IDSource
1RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex consisting of nsp12, nsp8, nsp7 and duplex RNA.COMPLEX#1-#40RECOMBINANT
2nsp12COMPLEX#11RECOMBINANT
3duplex RNACOMPLEX#41RECOMBINANT
4nsp8, nsp7COMPLEX#2-#31RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.186 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
22Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 22697049
33synthetic construct (others)32630
44Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 22697049
Source (recombinant)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
22Spodoptera aff. frugiperda 1 BOLD-2017 (butterflies/moths)2449148
33synthetic construct (others)32630
44Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)469008
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
120 mMHepes-NaOH1
2100 mMsodium chlorideNaCl1
31 mMmagnesium chlorideMgCl21
41 mMTCEP1
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportDetails: 15 mA, Pelco EasyGlow / Grid material: COPPER / Grid mesh size: 200 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R2/1
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: SPOT SCAN
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 105000 X / Calibrated magnification: 105000 X / Nominal defocus max: 1500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 500 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / C2 aperture diameter: 70 µm / Alignment procedure: ZEMLIN TABLEAU
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER
Image recordingAverage exposure time: 2.2 sec. / Electron dose: 60 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 / Num. of real images: 8168
Details: Images were collected at 30 degree stage tilt. Non-superres.
EM imaging opticsEnergyfilter name: GIF Quantum LS / Energyfilter slit width: 20 eV

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
2SerialEM3.8beta8image acquisition
4Warp1.07 BETACTF correction
7Coot0.9model fitting
9PHENIX1.18model refinement
10cryoSPARC2.14.2initial Euler assignment
11RELION3.0.7final Euler assignment
12RELION3.0.7classification
13RELION3.0.73D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 1300000
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C1 (asymmetric)
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.9 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 418000 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingProtocol: AB INITIO MODEL / Space: REAL
Atomic model buildingPDB-ID: 6M71

6m71


Pdb chain-ID: A / Accession code: 6M71 / Pdb chain residue range: 1-930 / Source name: PDB / Type: experimental model

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