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- PDB-6hre: Paired helical filament from sporadic Alzheimer's disease brain -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 6hre
TitlePaired helical filament from sporadic Alzheimer's disease brain
ComponentsMicrotubule-associated protein tauTau protein
KeywordsPROTEIN FIBRIL / Tau / helical / filament / fibril / amyloid / Alzheimer's disease / PHF / paired helical filament / NFT / neurofibrillary tangly
Function / homology
Function and homology information


plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule / axonal transport / histone-dependent DNA binding / neurofibrillary tangle assembly / positive regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity / negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion / neurofibrillary tangle / positive regulation of protein localization to synapse / microtubule lateral binding / tubulin complex ...plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubule / axonal transport / histone-dependent DNA binding / neurofibrillary tangle assembly / positive regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activity / negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion / neurofibrillary tangle / positive regulation of protein localization to synapse / microtubule lateral binding / tubulin complex / phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate binding / main axon / regulation of long-term synaptic depression / negative regulation of kinase activity / negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation / generation of neurons / regulation of chromosome organization / positive regulation of protein localization / rRNA metabolic process / internal protein amino acid acetylation / regulation of mitochondrial fission / lipoprotein particle binding / intracellular distribution of mitochondria / axonal transport of mitochondrion / axon development / central nervous system neuron development / regulation of microtubule polymerization / microtubule polymerization / minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA binding / negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential / dynactin binding / glial cell projection / apolipoprotein binding / protein polymerization / negative regulation of mitochondrial fission / axolemma / Caspase-mediated cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins / regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization / positive regulation of axon extension / supramolecular fiber organization / Activation of AMPK downstream of NMDARs / cytoplasmic microtubule organization / regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization / stress granule assembly / regulation of cellular response to heat / regulation of calcium-mediated signaling / axon cytoplasm / positive regulation of microtubule polymerization / cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus / somatodendritic compartment / synapse assembly / phosphatidylinositol binding / nuclear periphery / cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus / positive regulation of superoxide anion generation / protein phosphatase 2A binding / regulation of autophagy / astrocyte activation / synapse organization / microglial cell activation / response to lead ion / Hsp90 protein binding / regulation of synaptic plasticity / PKR-mediated signaling / protein homooligomerization / cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule / memory / microtubule cytoskeleton organization / SH3 domain binding / cellular response to reactive oxygen species / neuron projection development / activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process / microtubule cytoskeleton / protein-macromolecule adaptor activity / single-stranded DNA binding / cell-cell signaling / cellular response to heat / cell body / actin binding / growth cone / protein-folding chaperone binding / double-stranded DNA binding / microtubule binding / microtubule / amyloid fibril formation / sequence-specific DNA binding / dendritic spine / learning or memory / neuron projection / nuclear speck / membrane raft / axon / negative regulation of gene expression / dendrite / neuronal cell body / DNA damage response / protein kinase binding / enzyme binding / mitochondrion / DNA binding
Similarity search - Function
: / Microtubule associated protein, tubulin-binding repeat / Microtubule-associated protein Tau / Tau and MAP protein, tubulin-binding repeat / Tau and MAP proteins tubulin-binding repeat signature. / Tau and MAP proteins tubulin-binding repeat profile.
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Microtubule-associated protein tau
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / helical reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.2 Å
AuthorsFalcon, B. / Zhang, W. / Schweighauser, M. / Murzin, A.G. / Vidal, R. / Garringer, H.J. / Ghetti, B. / Scheres, S.H.W. / Goedert, M.
Funding support United Kingdom, United States, 5items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)MC_U105184291 United Kingdom
Medical Research Council (United Kingdom)MC_UP_A025_1013 United Kingdom
National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Aging (NIH/NIA)P30-AG010133 United States
European UnionJoint Programme-Neurodegeneration Research United Kingdom
European UnionHorizon 2020 IMPRiND United Kingdom
CitationJournal: Acta Neuropathol / Year: 2018
Title: Tau filaments from multiple cases of sporadic and inherited Alzheimer's disease adopt a common fold.
Authors: Benjamin Falcon / Wenjuan Zhang / Manuel Schweighauser / Alexey G Murzin / Ruben Vidal / Holly J Garringer / Bernardino Ghetti / Sjors H W Scheres / Michel Goedert /
Abstract: The ordered assembly of tau protein into abnormal filaments is a defining characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. It is not known if the structures of tau ...The ordered assembly of tau protein into abnormal filaments is a defining characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. It is not known if the structures of tau filaments vary within, or between, the brains of individuals with AD. We used a combination of electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) and immuno-gold negative-stain electron microscopy (immuno-EM) to determine the structures of paired helical filaments (PHFs) and straight filaments (SFs) from the frontal cortex of 17 cases of AD (15 sporadic and 2 inherited) and 2 cases of atypical AD (posterior cortical atrophy). The high-resolution structures of PHFs and SFs from the frontal cortex of 3 cases of AD, 2 sporadic and 1 inherited, were determined by cryo-EM. We also used immuno-EM to study the PHFs and SFs from a number of cortical and subcortical brain regions. PHFs outnumbered SFs in all AD cases. By cryo-EM, PHFs and SFs were made of two C-shaped protofilaments with a combined cross-β/β-helix structure, as described previously for one case of AD. The higher resolution structures obtained here showed two additional amino acids at each end of the protofilament. The immuno-EM findings, which indicated the presence of repeats 3 and 4, but not of the N-terminal regions of repeats 1 and 2, of tau in the filament cores of all AD cases, were consistent with the cryo-EM results. These findings show that there is no significant variation in tau filament structures between individuals with AD. This knowledge will be crucial for understanding the mechanisms that underlie tau filament formation and for developing novel diagnostics and therapies.
History
DepositionSep 26, 2018Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Oct 10, 2018Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Nov 7, 2018Group: Data collection / Database references / Structure summary
Category: citation / entity
Item: _citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first ..._citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first / _citation.page_last / _entity.formula_weight
Revision 1.2Dec 18, 2019Group: Other / Category: atom_sites
Item: _atom_sites.fract_transf_matrix[1][1] / _atom_sites.fract_transf_matrix[2][2] / _atom_sites.fract_transf_matrix[3][3]
Revision 1.3Mar 30, 2022Group: Author supporting evidence / Database references / Category: citation / database_2 / pdbx_audit_support
Item: _citation.country / _database_2.pdbx_DOI ..._citation.country / _database_2.pdbx_DOI / _database_2.pdbx_database_accession / _pdbx_audit_support.funding_organization

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Microtubule-associated protein tau
B: Microtubule-associated protein tau
C: Microtubule-associated protein tau
D: Microtubule-associated protein tau
E: Microtubule-associated protein tau
F: Microtubule-associated protein tau


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)275,5196
Polymers275,5196
Non-polymers00
Water0
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: microscopy
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1
Buried area27860 Å2
ΔGint-60 kcal/mol
Surface area25200 Å2
MethodPISA

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Components

#1: Protein
Microtubule-associated protein tau / Tau protein / Neurofibrillary tangle protein / Paired helical filament-tau / PHF-tau


Mass: 45919.871 Da / Num. of mol.: 6 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Plasmid details: Post-mortem / Tissue: Brain / References: UniProt: P10636

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: TISSUE / 3D reconstruction method: helical reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Tau filaments extracted from the frontotemporal cortex of a patient with sporadic Alzheimer's disease
Type: TISSUE / Entity ID: all / Source: NATURAL
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human) / Organ: Brain / Tissue: Frontotemporal cortex
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4
Buffer component
IDConc.FormulaBuffer-ID
120 mMTris-HClTris1
2100 mMNaClSodium chloride1
SpecimenConc.: 0.5 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES / Details: Dispersed filaments
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELDBright-field microscopy / Nominal defocus max: 2800 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1700 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm
Image recordingElectron dose: 1.2 e/Å2 / Detector mode: COUNTING / Film or detector model: GATAN K2 QUANTUM (4k x 4k)
EM imaging opticsEnergyfilter name: GIF Quantum LS

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
2EPUimage acquisition
4Gctf1.06CTF correction
7Coot0.8.9.1model fitting
12RELION2.13D reconstruction
13REFMAC5.7.0032model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Helical symmertyAngular rotation/subunit: 179.45 ° / Axial rise/subunit: 2.37 Å / Axial symmetry: C1
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.2 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 95917 / Symmetry type: HELICAL
Atomic model buildingB value: 72.8 / Protocol: AB INITIO MODEL / Space: RECIPROCAL / Target criteria: Fourier shell correlation
Details: Fourier-space refinement of the complete atomic model against the narrow Pick filament map was performed in REFMAC. A stack of three consecutive monomers was refined to preserve nearest- ...Details: Fourier-space refinement of the complete atomic model against the narrow Pick filament map was performed in REFMAC. A stack of three consecutive monomers was refined to preserve nearest-neighbour interactions for the middle chain.

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