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- PDB-6ar6: Clostridioides difficile toxinB with DLD-4 darpin -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 6ar6
TitleClostridioides difficile toxinB with DLD-4 darpin
Components
  • DLD-4 darpin
  • Toxin B
KeywordsTOXIN/PROTEIN BINDING / TOXIN-PROTEIN BINDING complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


glucosyltransferase activity / host cell cytosol / Transferases; Glycosyltransferases; Hexosyltransferases / cysteine-type peptidase activity / host cell endosome membrane / toxin activity / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases / lipid binding / host cell plasma membrane / proteolysis ...glucosyltransferase activity / host cell cytosol / Transferases; Glycosyltransferases; Hexosyltransferases / cysteine-type peptidase activity / host cell endosome membrane / toxin activity / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases / lipid binding / host cell plasma membrane / proteolysis / extracellular region / membrane / metal ion binding
Similarity search - Function
Dermonecrotic/RTX toxin, membrane localization domain / TcdA/TcdB toxin, N-terminal helical domain / TcdB toxin N-terminal helical domain / Membrane Localization Domain / TcdA/TcdB toxin, catalytic glycosyltransferase domain / TcdA/TcdB catalytic glycosyltransferase domain / TcdA/TcdB toxin, pore forming domain / TcdA/TcdB pore forming domain / CGT/MARTX, cysteine protease (CPD) domain / CGT/MARTX, cysteine protease (CPD) domain superfamily ...Dermonecrotic/RTX toxin, membrane localization domain / TcdA/TcdB toxin, N-terminal helical domain / TcdB toxin N-terminal helical domain / Membrane Localization Domain / TcdA/TcdB toxin, catalytic glycosyltransferase domain / TcdA/TcdB catalytic glycosyltransferase domain / TcdA/TcdB toxin, pore forming domain / TcdA/TcdB pore forming domain / CGT/MARTX, cysteine protease (CPD) domain / CGT/MARTX, cysteine protease (CPD) domain superfamily / Peptidase C80 family / CGT/MARTX cysteine protease (CPD) domain profile. / Choline-binding repeat / Putative cell wall binding repeat / Cell wall/choline-binding repeat / Cell wall-binding repeat profile. / Nucleotide-diphospho-sugar transferases
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Biological speciesClostridioides difficile (bacteria)
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 9 Å
AuthorsZhang, J. / Jiang, M.
Funding support United States, 3items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)P41GM103832 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)U24GM116787 United States
Welch FoundationA-1863 United States
CitationJournal: PLoS Biol / Year: 2019
Title: Selection and characterization of ultrahigh potency designed ankyrin repeat protein inhibitors of C. difficile toxin B.
Authors: Rudo Simeon / Mengqiu Jiang / Ana M Chamoun-Emanuelli / Hua Yu / Yongrong Zhang / Ran Meng / Zeyu Peng / Joanita Jakana / Junjie Zhang / Hanping Feng / Zhilei Chen /
Abstract: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major nosocomial disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathology of CDI stems primarily from the 2 C. difficile-secreted ...Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major nosocomial disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathology of CDI stems primarily from the 2 C. difficile-secreted exotoxins-toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB)-that disrupt the tight junctions between epithelial cells leading to the loss of colonic epithelial barrier function. Here, we report the engineering of a series of monomeric and dimeric designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) for the neutralization of TcdB. The best dimeric DARPin, DLD-4, inhibited TcdB with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 4 pM in vitro, representing an approximately 330-fold higher potency than the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-TcdB monoclonal antibody bezlotoxumab in the same assay. DLD-4 also protected mice from a toxin challenge in vivo. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies revealed that the 2 constituent DARPins of DLD-4-1.4E and U3-bind the central and C-terminal regions of the delivery domain of TcdB. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) studies showed that the DARPins 1.4E and U3 interfere with the interaction between TcdB and its receptors chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) and frizzled class receptor 2 (FZD2), respectively. Our cryo-EM studies revealed a new conformation of TcdB (both apo- and DARPin-bound at pH 7.4) in which the combined repetitive oligopeptides (CROPS) domain points away from the delivery domain. This conformation of the CROPS domain is in stark contrast to that seen in the negative-stain electron microscopy (EM) structure of TcdA and TcdB at the same pH, in which the CROPS domain bends toward and "kisses" the delivery domain. The ultrapotent anti-TcdB molecules from this study serve as candidate starting points for CDI drug development and provide new biological tools for studying the pathogenicity of C. difficile. The structural insights regarding both the "native" conformation of TcdB and the putative sites of TcdB interaction with the FZD2 receptor, in particular, should help accelerate the development of next-generation anti-C. difficile toxin therapeutics.
History
DepositionAug 21, 2017Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Aug 22, 2018Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Feb 20, 2019Group: Author supporting evidence / Data collection / Category: pdbx_audit_support / Item: _pdbx_audit_support.funding_organization
Revision 1.2Jan 1, 2020Group: Author supporting evidence / Category: pdbx_audit_support / Item: _pdbx_audit_support.funding_organization
Revision 1.3Mar 13, 2024Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: chem_comp_atom / chem_comp_bond / database_2
Item: _database_2.pdbx_DOI / _database_2.pdbx_database_accession

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Structure visualization

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Toxin B
B: DLD-4 darpin


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)269,7812
Polymers269,7812
Non-polymers00
Water0
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: microscopy
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein Toxin B / Coordinate model: Cα atoms only


Mass: 235481.438 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Clostridioides difficile (bacteria) / Gene: toxB, tcdB / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
References: UniProt: P18177, Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases
#2: Protein DLD-4 darpin / Coordinate model: Cα atoms only


Mass: 34299.195 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: ternary complex of tcdB and DLD-4 darpin / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Clostridioides difficile (bacteria)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Tecnai F20 / Image courtesy: FEI Company
EM imaging
IDAccelerating voltage (kV)Electron sourceIllumination modeModelModeSpecimen-ID
1300FIELD EMISSION GUNFLOOD BEAMJEOL 3200FSCBRIGHT FIELDBright-field microscopy1
2200FIELD EMISSION GUNFLOOD BEAMFEI TECNAI F20BRIGHT FIELDBright-field microscopy1
Image recording
IDImaging-IDElectron dose (e/Å2)Film or detector model
1130GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k)
2230GATAN K2 SUMMIT (4k x 4k)

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Processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C1 (asymmetric)
3D reconstructionResolution: 9 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 84420 / Symmetry type: POINT

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