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- PDB-31ak: Structure of native human leukocyte myeloperoxidase -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 31ak
TitleStructure of native human leukocyte myeloperoxidase
Components
  • Myeloperoxidase
  • Myeloperoxidase light chain
KeywordsOXIDOREDUCTASE / Innate immunity / neutrophils / phagocytosis / NETosis
Function / homology
Function and homology information


Events associated with phagocytolytic activity of PMN cells / neutrophil-mediated killing of symbiont cell / myeloperoxidase / positive regulation of cholesterol import / neutrophil extracellular trap / phagocytic vesicle lumen / neutrophil-mediated killing of bacterium / cytolytic granule / response to gold nanoparticle / thiocyanate peroxidase activity ...Events associated with phagocytolytic activity of PMN cells / neutrophil-mediated killing of symbiont cell / myeloperoxidase / positive regulation of cholesterol import / neutrophil extracellular trap / phagocytic vesicle lumen / neutrophil-mediated killing of bacterium / cytolytic granule / response to gold nanoparticle / thiocyanate peroxidase activity / neutrophil extracellular trap formation / neutrophil-mediated killing of fungus / protein-containing complex destabilizing activity / low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling / nucleosome disassembly / azurophil granule / response to food / response to mechanical stimulus / phagocytic vesicle / nucleosome binding / secretory granule / hydrogen peroxide catabolic process / peroxidase activity / defense response / azurophil granule lumen / heparin binding / response to lipopolysaccharide / response to oxidative stress / defense response to bacterium / lysosome / chromosome / chromatin binding / heme binding / negative regulation of apoptotic process / Neutrophil degranulation / extracellular exosome / extracellular region / nucleus
Similarity search - Function
: / Lactoperoxidase-like, N-terminal domain / Haem peroxidase, animal-type / Haem peroxidase domain superfamily, animal type / Animal haem peroxidase / Animal heme peroxidase superfamily profile. / Peroxidases proximal heme-ligand signature. / Haem peroxidase superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
PROTOPORPHYRIN IX CONTAINING FE / Myeloperoxidase
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.18 Å
AuthorsLeitgeb, U. / Pfanzagl, V. / Guo, Y. / Emde, T. / Borek, D.
Funding support Austria, 3items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Austrian Science FundV1039 Austria
Austrian Science FundPAT1634524 Austria
Austrian Science FundDOC9173924 Austria
CitationJournal: Int J Biol Macromol / Year: 2026
Title: Interface N-glycans drive myeloperoxidase dimerization in vitro.
Authors: Urban Leitgeb / Yirui Guo / Tabitha Emde / Valentina Ruocco / Theodor Simak / Ela Zdenkovic / Paul G Furtmüller / Dominika Borek / William M Nauseef / Chris Oostenbrink / Vera Pfanzagl /
Abstract: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a highly glycosylated heme oxidoreductase that, together with lactoperoxidase (LPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), contributes to host defence through the generation of ...Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a highly glycosylated heme oxidoreductase that, together with lactoperoxidase (LPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), contributes to host defence through the generation of (pseudo)hypohalous acids. Among the human heme peroxidases, mature MPO forms a unique covalently linked homodimer. Dimerization enhances stability and is essential for some biological functions, including chromatin disruption during neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Thus, we hypothesized that MPO dimerization must reflect a tightly regulated step in MPO biosynthesis and is driven by specific structural elements. Cross-species sequence alignment indicated that N-glycosylation motifs were evolutionarily more conserved in MPO than in monomeric EPO and LPO. We investigated the role of N-glycans in MPO dimerization using in vitro monomerized glycosylated (mMPO) and deglycosylated (mMPOdg) monomeric variants of native human MPO. Small-angle X-ray scattering, isothermal titration calorimetry and crystal structures showed that glycosylated MPO monomers had a weak but biologically relevant affinity in the millimolar range, which was lost upon deglycosylation. Furthermore, we present the first cryogenic transmission electron microscopy structure of human MPO with at least one core N-acetylglucosamine residue resolved at each N-glycosylation site. Structural analysis suggests that an extensive hydrogen bonding network of interface N-glycans at position 483 and residues of the other monomer drives MPO homodimerization. Dimerization enhances stability without affecting enzymatic activity. Together, we show that N-glycans are essential to MPO dimerization, provide important insights into the impact of interface N-glycans on biophysical and biochemical properties of MPO and discuss the implications for the biological roles of MPO in health and disease.
History
DepositionMay 20, 2026Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Oct 7, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Oct 7, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Myeloperoxidase light chain
B: Myeloperoxidase
E: Myeloperoxidase light chain
F: Myeloperoxidase
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)140,33422
Polymers132,3994
Non-polymers7,93518
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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Protein , 2 types, 4 molecules AEBF

#1: Protein Myeloperoxidase light chain


Mass: 12894.465 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Fragment: UNP RESIDUES 167-271 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P05164
#2: Protein Myeloperoxidase / MPO


Mass: 53305.266 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P05164, myeloperoxidase

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Sugars , 5 types, 10 molecules

#3: Polysaccharide alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-2)-alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D- ...alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-2)-alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 1072.964 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpa1-2DManpa1-3[DManpa1-6]DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/3,6,5/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5][a1122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-2-3-3-3/a4-b1_b4-c1_c3-d1_c6-f1_d2-e1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{[(3+1)][a-D-Manp]{[(2+1)][a-D-Manp]{}}[(6+1)][a-D-Manp]{}}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#4: Polysaccharide beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta- ...beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 586.542 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/2,3,2/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5]/1-1-2/a4-b1_b4-c1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#5: Polysaccharide alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2- ...alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-[alpha-L-fucopyranose-(1-6)]2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 1056.964 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpa1-3[DManpa1-6]DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4[LFucpa1-6]DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/4,6,5/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5][a1122h-1a_1-5][a1221m-1a_1-5]/1-1-2-3-3-4/a4-b1_a6-f1_b4-c1_c3-d1_c6-e1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{[(3+1)][a-D-Manp]{}[(6+1)][a-D-Manp]{}}}[(6+1)][a-L-Fucp]{}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#6: Polysaccharide alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)-alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)]beta-D- ...alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)-alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-[alpha-L-fucopyranose-(1-6)]2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 1219.105 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpa1-6DManpa1-6[DManpa1-3]DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4[LFucpa1-6]DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/4,7,6/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5][a1122h-1a_1-5][a1221m-1a_1-5]/1-1-2-3-3-3-4/a4-b1_a6-g1_b4-c1_c3-d1_c6-e1_e6-f1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{[(3+1)][a-D-Manp]{}[(6+1)][a-D-Manp]{[(6+1)][a-D-Manp]{}}}}[(6+1)][a-L-Fucp]{}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#10: Sugar
ChemComp-NAG / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-glucose / N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE


Type: D-saccharide, beta linking / Mass: 221.208 Da / Num. of mol.: 4 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C8H15NO6
IdentifierTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcbCONDENSED IUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
N-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosamineCOMMON NAMEGMML 1.0
b-D-GlcpNAcIUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLPDB-CARE 1.0
GlcNAcSNFG CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0

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Non-polymers , 3 types, 8 molecules

#7: Chemical
ChemComp-CL / CHLORIDE ION


Mass: 35.453 Da / Num. of mol.: 4 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Cl
#8: Chemical ChemComp-CA / CALCIUM ION


Mass: 40.078 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Ca
#9: Chemical ChemComp-HEM / PROTOPORPHYRIN IX CONTAINING FE / HEME


Mass: 616.487 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C34H32FeN4O4 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION

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Details

Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Myeloperoxidase / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#2 / Source: NATURAL
Molecular weightValue: 0.145 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4
SpecimenConc.: 5 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2200 nm / Nominal defocus min: 800 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 65 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameCategory
1cryoSPARCparticle selection
2Topazparticle selection
5cryoSPARCCTF correction
14cryoSPARC3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.18 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 1002582 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementCross valid method: NONE
Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2
Displacement parametersBiso mean: 100.81 Å2
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00429847
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.584513410
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.04191541
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.00421715
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d13.24543849

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