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- PDB-13cm: HAdV-C5 Hexon with coagulation factor II -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 13cm
TitleHAdV-C5 Hexon with coagulation factor II
Components
  • Hexon protein
  • Prothrombin
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN / adenovirus / hexon / coagulation factor II / virus-host interaction / cryo-EM / virus capsid
Function / homology
Function and homology information


T=25 icosahedral viral capsid / microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of viral material towards nucleus / negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation / : / thrombospondin receptor activity / thrombin / thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway / Defective factor XII causes hereditary angioedema / regulation of blood coagulation / neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium ...T=25 icosahedral viral capsid / microtubule-dependent intracellular transport of viral material towards nucleus / negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation / : / thrombospondin receptor activity / thrombin / thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathway / Defective factor XII causes hereditary angioedema / regulation of blood coagulation / neutrophil-mediated killing of gram-negative bacterium / positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / Defective F8 cleavage by thrombin / Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation) / positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process / negative regulation of platelet activation / negative regulation of blood coagulation / negative regulation of fibrinolysis / positive regulation of blood coagulation / negative regulation of proteolysis / Transport of gamma-carboxylated protein precursors from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus / : / Gamma-carboxylation of protein precursors / Removal of aminoterminal propeptides from gamma-carboxylated proteins / fibrinolysis / regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration / : / negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response / Regulation of Complement cascade / positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol / positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT / acute-phase response / Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall / Peptide ligand-binding receptors / growth factor activity / response to wounding / lipopolysaccharide binding / platelet activation / positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus / Golgi lumen / Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) / positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process / blood coagulation / viral capsid / host cell / heparin binding / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / Dengue Virus-Host Interactions / antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide / blood microparticle / extracellular matrix / G alpha (q) signalling events / cell surface receptor signaling pathway / endoplasmic reticulum lumen / receptor ligand activity / serine-type endopeptidase activity / signaling receptor binding / calcium ion binding / symbiont entry into host cell / host cell nucleus / structural molecule activity / proteolysis / : / extracellular exosome / extracellular region / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Adenovirus hexon protein / Adenovirus Pll, hexon, N-terminal / Adenovirus Pll, hexon, C-terminal / Adenovirus Pll, hexon, subdomain 2 / Hexon, adenovirus major coat protein, N-terminal domain / Hexon, adenovirus major coat protein, C-terminal domain / Group II dsDNA virus coat/capsid protein / Prothrombin/thrombin / Thrombin light chain / Thrombin light chain domain superfamily ...Adenovirus hexon protein / Adenovirus Pll, hexon, N-terminal / Adenovirus Pll, hexon, C-terminal / Adenovirus Pll, hexon, subdomain 2 / Hexon, adenovirus major coat protein, N-terminal domain / Hexon, adenovirus major coat protein, C-terminal domain / Group II dsDNA virus coat/capsid protein / Prothrombin/thrombin / Thrombin light chain / Thrombin light chain domain superfamily / : / Thrombin light chain / Kringle domain / Kringle / Kringle, conserved site / Kringle superfamily / Kringle domain signature. / Kringle domain profile. / Kringle domain / Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation/gamma-carboxyglutamic (GLA) domain / Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (GLA) domain / Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (GLA) domain superfamily / Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation domain. / Gla domain profile. / Domain containing Gla (gamma-carboxyglutamate) residues. / Kringle-like fold / Serine proteases, trypsin family, histidine active site / Serine proteases, trypsin family, serine active site / Serine proteases, trypsin family, histidine active site. / Serine proteases, trypsin family, serine active site. / Peptidase S1A, chymotrypsin family / Serine proteases, trypsin domain profile. / Trypsin-like serine protease / Serine proteases, trypsin domain / Trypsin / Peptidase S1, PA clan, chymotrypsin-like fold / Peptidase S1, PA clan
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Prothrombin / Hexon protein
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHuman adenovirus 5
Homo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.2 Å
AuthorsMa, O.X. / Reddy, V.S.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID)AI161367 United States
CitationJournal: PLoS Pathog / Year: 2026
Title: Structural requirements of blood factors binding to soluble hexon trimers with implications for adenovirus cell targeting and immune evasion.
Authors: Olivia X Ma / Shao-Chia Lu / Haley E Mudrick / Mary E Barry / Jarrod B French / Michael A Barry / Vijay S Reddy /
Abstract: Human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-C5) is widely used as a gene delivery vector in both experimental and clinical settings. Upon intravenous administration, HAdV-C5 exhibits strong liver tropism, ...Human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-C5) is widely used as a gene delivery vector in both experimental and clinical settings. Upon intravenous administration, HAdV-C5 exhibits strong liver tropism, largely mediated by interactions between its major capsid protein, hexon (Hx), and coagulation factor X (FX). In contrast, the closely related species C adenovirus 6 (HAdV-C6) also targets the liver but shows reduced dependency on coagulation factors, whereas species D adenovirus 26 (HAdV-D26) does not bind coagulation factors altogether. To define the structural basis of this serotype-specific host factor recognition, we determined high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of isolated hexon trimers from HAdV-C5 and HAdV-C6 in complex with coagulation factors FX and prothrombin (factor II, FII). The resulting atomic models reveal conserved binding interfaces involving the γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domains of both coagulation factors and the hypervariable regions HVR5 and HVR7 lining the surface cavities of HAdV-C5 and HAdV-C6 hexons. Structures of hexon complexes formed by co-incubation with both FX and FII further reveal serotype-specific binding preferences under physiologically relevant conditions, showing that HAdV-C5 hexon preferentially engages FX, whereas HAdV-C6 hexon favors FII. By contrast, HAdV-D26 hexon does not bind either factor, likely due to an insertion constrained by proline residues in the HVR5 loop that restricts the factor access to the hexon cavity. Together, these findings provide a detailed structural framework for adenovirus-coagulation factor interactions and support the rational engineering of adenovirus vectors with improved targeting and safety profiles.
History
DepositionApr 29, 2026Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Jul 8, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Hexon protein
B: Hexon protein
C: Hexon protein
G: Prothrombin
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)332,07811
Polymers331,7984
Non-polymers2817
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein Hexon protein / CP-H / Protein II


Mass: 108107.617 Da / Num. of mol.: 3 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Human adenovirus 5 / References: UniProt: P04133
#2: Protein Prothrombin


Mass: 7474.833 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Fragment: Gla domain / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Tissue: blood / References: UniProt: P00734
#3: Chemical
ChemComp-CA / CALCIUM ION


Mass: 40.078 Da / Num. of mol.: 7 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Ca / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Purified Human adenovirus type 5 hexon trimer in complex with prothrombin (FII)
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#2 / Source: NATURAL
Molecular weightValue: 0.33 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Human adenovirus 5
Buffer solutionpH: 7.2
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid material: COPPER / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 98 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2400 nm / Nominal defocus min: 800 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / Alignment procedure: COMA FREE
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER
Image recordingElectron dose: 51 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOCONTINUUM (6k x 4k) / Num. of real images: 5192
EM imaging opticsEnergyfilter slit width: 20 eV

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1cryoSPARCparticle selection
2PHENIX1.21_5207model refinement
13cryoSPARC3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING ONLY
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 252960
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C3 (3 fold cyclic)
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.2 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 97601 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementCross valid method: NONE
Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2
Displacement parametersBiso mean: 27.75 Å2
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.001623142
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.423731474
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0423324
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.00354147
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d10.01348472

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