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- PDB-12ed: Pre-translocated RNA polymerase elemental paused elongation compl... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 12ed
TitlePre-translocated RNA polymerase elemental paused elongation complex, TL open with ppGpp (ePEC open + ppGpp)
Components
  • (DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit ...) x 4
  • DNA non-template strand
  • DNA template strand
  • RNA scaffold
KeywordsTRANSCRIPTION/DNA/RNA / elongation / pausing / pause escape / ppGpp / stringent response / TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSCRIPTION-DNA-RNA complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


RNA polymerase complex / submerged biofilm formation / cellular response to cell envelope stress / regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation / bacterial-type flagellum assembly / bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme binding / cytosolic DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex / bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility / nitrate assimilation / regulation of DNA-templated transcription elongation ...RNA polymerase complex / submerged biofilm formation / cellular response to cell envelope stress / regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation / bacterial-type flagellum assembly / bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme binding / cytosolic DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex / bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility / nitrate assimilation / regulation of DNA-templated transcription elongation / transcription elongation factor complex / DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex / transcription antitermination / cell motility / DNA-templated transcription initiation / ribonucleoside binding / DNA-directed RNA polymerase / DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / response to heat / protein-containing complex assembly / intracellular iron ion homeostasis / protein dimerization activity / response to antibiotic / DNA-templated transcription / magnesium ion binding / DNA binding / zinc ion binding / membrane / cytoplasm / cytosol
Similarity search - Function
DNA-directed RNA polymerase, omega subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit beta-prime, bacterial type / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, beta subunit, external 1 domain superfamily / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, beta subunit, external 1 domain / RNA polymerase beta subunit external 1 domain / RNA polymerase, alpha subunit, C-terminal / Bacterial RNA polymerase, alpha chain C terminal domain / DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta subunit, bacterial-type / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, alpha subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit beta-prime ...DNA-directed RNA polymerase, omega subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit beta-prime, bacterial type / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, beta subunit, external 1 domain superfamily / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, beta subunit, external 1 domain / RNA polymerase beta subunit external 1 domain / RNA polymerase, alpha subunit, C-terminal / Bacterial RNA polymerase, alpha chain C terminal domain / DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta subunit, bacterial-type / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, alpha subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit beta-prime / RNA polymerase Rpb6 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 2 superfamily / RNA polymerase, subunit omega/Rpo6/RPB6 / RNA polymerase Rpb6 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3 superfamily / RPB6/omega subunit-like superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb1, clamp domain superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 1 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 1 / RNA polymerase, beta subunit, protrusion / RNA polymerase beta subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, insert domain / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, RpoA/D/Rpb3-type / RNA polymerase Rpb3/RpoA insert domain / RNA polymerase Rpb3/Rpb11 dimerisation domain / RNA polymerases D / RNA polymerase, alpha subunit / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 5 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 4 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 2 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 5 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 4 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 2 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 2 / RNA polymerase, N-terminal / RNA polymerase Rpb1, funnel domain superfamily / RNA polymerase I subunit A N-terminus / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, insert domain superfamily / RNA polymerase, RBP11-like subunit / RNA polymerase, beta subunit, conserved site / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 7 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 3 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, OB-fold / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 7 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 3 / RNA polymerases beta chain signature. / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit 2, hybrid-binding domain / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit 2 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit 2, hybrid-binding domain superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 6
Similarity search - Domain/homology
GUANOSINE-5',3'-TETRAPHOSPHATE / DNA / DNA (> 10) / RNA / RNA (> 10) / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit omega / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesEscherichia coli (E. coli)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3 Å
AuthorsMueller, A.U. / Darst, S.A. / Landick, R.
Funding support United States, 2items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)GM038660 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)GM118130 United States
CitationJournal: bioRxiv / Year: 2026
Title: ppGpp regulates transcription elongation via direct and indirect inputs to RNA polymerase pausing and nucleotide addition.
Authors: Andreas U Mueller / Rachel A Mooney / Michael D Engstrom / Yu Bao / Michael B Wolfe / Balendra Sah / Jonathan Buscher / Jason Saba / James Liu / Seth A Darst / Robert Landick /
Abstract: The signaling molecules guanosine 5'-tri/diphosphate 3'-diphosphate, (p)ppGpp, control bacterial protein synthesis rates and cell growth by targeting transcription, translation, NTP synthesis, and ...The signaling molecules guanosine 5'-tri/diphosphate 3'-diphosphate, (p)ppGpp, control bacterial protein synthesis rates and cell growth by targeting transcription, translation, NTP synthesis, and other functions. In lineages like , (p)ppGpp produced in response to charged-tRNA deficiency directly targets transcribing RNAP polymerase (RNAP) to match its pace to the pioneering ribosome on the nascent RNA (transcription-translation coupling). However, the mechanism by which (p)ppGpp slows RNAP is poorly defined. (p)ppGpp may allosterically stimulate RNAP pausing, inhibit catalysis, promote backtracking, compete for substrate GTP, inhibit GTP synthesis, or uncouple transcription-translation by inhibiting translation. Using a combination of cryo-EM, biochemical assays, and quantitative nascent elongating transcript sequencing (qNET-seq), we establish that (p)ppGpp allosterically regulates pausing and nucleotide addition via distinct motions of the RNAP swivel module and both competes with and lowers GTP in vivo. (p)ppGpp stimulates swiveling at pause sites to delay escape but may also inhibit counter-swiveling required in every round of nucleotide addition.
History
DepositionMar 30, 2026Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Jul 1, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 1, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 1, 2026Data content type: Additional map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Additional map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.0Jul 1, 2026Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 1, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.0Jul 1, 2026Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 1, 2026Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: DNA non-template strand
B: DNA template strand
G: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha
H: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha
I: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta
J: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'
K: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit omega
R: RNA scaffold
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)441,84214
Polymers440,4288
Non-polymers1,4146
Water3,243180
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

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DNA chain , 2 types, 2 molecules AB

#1: DNA chain DNA non-template strand


Mass: 19159.273 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Escherichia coli (E. coli)
#2: DNA chain DNA template strand


Mass: 19030.188 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Escherichia coli (E. coli)

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DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit ... , 4 types, 5 molecules GHIJK

#3: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha / RNAP subunit alpha / RNA polymerase subunit alpha / Transcriptase subunit alpha


Mass: 36558.680 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: rpoA, pez, phs, sez, b3295, JW3257 / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0A7Z4, DNA-directed RNA polymerase
#4: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta / RNAP subunit beta / RNA polymerase subunit beta / Transcriptase subunit beta


Mass: 150820.875 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Gene: rpoB, groN, nitB, rif, ron, stl, stv, tabD, b3987, JW3950
Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0A8V2, DNA-directed RNA polymerase
#5: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' / RNAP subunit beta' / RNA polymerase subunit beta' / Transcriptase subunit beta'


Mass: 158105.672 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Details: C-terminal tag LELEVLFQGPSSGHHHHHHHHHH / Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: rpoC, tabB, b3988, JW3951 / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0A8T7, DNA-directed RNA polymerase
#6: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit omega / RNAP omega subunit / RNA polymerase omega subunit / Transcriptase subunit omega


Mass: 10249.547 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: rpoZ, b3649, JW3624 / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0A800, DNA-directed RNA polymerase

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RNA chain , 1 types, 1 molecules R

#7: RNA chain RNA scaffold


Mass: 9944.894 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Escherichia coli (E. coli)

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Non-polymers , 5 types, 186 molecules

#8: Chemical ChemComp-1N7 / CHAPSO / 2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-sulfo-N-(3-{[(3beta,5beta,7beta,12beta)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]amino}propyl)propan-1-aminium


Mass: 631.884 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C32H59N2O8S / Comment: detergent*YM
#9: Chemical ChemComp-MG / MAGNESIUM ION


Mass: 24.305 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Mg
#10: Chemical ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn
#11: Chemical ChemComp-G4P / GUANOSINE-5',3'-TETRAPHOSPHATE / guanosine tetraphosphate;ppGpp


Type: RNA linking / Mass: 603.160 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H17N5O17P4 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#12: Water ChemComp-HOH / water


Mass: 18.015 Da / Num. of mol.: 180 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Formula: H2O

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Details

Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

Component
IDNameTypeDetails (eV)Entity IDParent-IDSource
1Bacterial RNA polymerase elemental paused elongation complexCOMPLEXComplexes were reconstituted on a DNA-RNA scaffold.#1-#70MULTIPLE SOURCES
2RNA polymeraseCOMPLEX#3-#61RECOMBINANT
3DNA and RNACOMPLEX#1-#2, #71SYNTHETIC
Molecular weightValue: 0.44 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
22Escherichia coli (E. coli)562
33Escherichia coli (E. coli)562
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)
Buffer solutionpH: 8
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid material: GOLD / Grid mesh size: 400 divisions/in. / Grid type: C-flat-1.2/1.3
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 283 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 800 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 52 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1cryoSPARC3.3particle selection
2PHENIX1.21.2_5419model refinement
13cryoSPARC3.33D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 104112 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementHighest resolution: 3 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00527300
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.50237270
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d13.99210847
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0424278
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0044556

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