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Yorodumi- EMDB-72946: Cryo-EM structure of active mutant human green cone opsin (E129Q)... -
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Open data
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Basic information
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| Title | Cryo-EM structure of active mutant human green cone opsin (E129Q) in complex with chimeric G protein (miniGist) | |||||||||
Map data | structure of active mutant human green cone opsin (E129Q) in complex with chimeric G protein (miniGist) | |||||||||
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Keywords | G protein-coupled receptor / cone opsin / SIGNALING Protein / MEMBRANE PROTEIN | |||||||||
| Function / homology | Function and homology informationDefective visual phototransduction due to OPN1MW loss of function / The retinoid cycle in cones (daylight vision) / Opsins / absorption of visible light / G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity / cellular response to light stimulus / sensory perception of chemical stimulus / mu-type opioid receptor binding / corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding / beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding ...Defective visual phototransduction due to OPN1MW loss of function / The retinoid cycle in cones (daylight vision) / Opsins / absorption of visible light / G protein-coupled photoreceptor activity / cellular response to light stimulus / sensory perception of chemical stimulus / mu-type opioid receptor binding / corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding / beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding / host cell mitochondrial membrane / host cell lipid droplet / symbiont-mediated transformation of host cell / symbiont-mediated suppression of host TRAF-mediated signal transduction / positive regulation of cytokinesis / symbiont-mediated perturbation of host cell cycle G1/S transition checkpoint / photoreceptor activity / PKA activation in glucagon signalling / phototransduction / developmental growth / photoreceptor outer segment / D1 dopamine receptor binding / Hedgehog 'off' state / insulin-like growth factor receptor binding / symbiont-mediated suppression of host JAK-STAT cascade via inhibition of STAT1 activity / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of MAVS activity / visual perception / ionotropic glutamate receptor binding / bioluminescence / adenylate cyclase activator activity / generation of precursor metabolites and energy / bone development / platelet aggregation / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / photoreceptor disc membrane / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / GPER1 signaling / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / G-protein beta-subunit binding / extracellular vesicle / sensory perception of taste / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / viral nucleocapsid / channel activity / retina development in camera-type eye / GTPase binding / G protein activity / fibroblast proliferation / Ca2+ pathway / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / clathrin-dependent endocytosis of virus by host cell / monoatomic ion transmembrane transport / G alpha (i) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (q) signalling events / Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement / Ras protein signal transduction / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / cell population proliferation / RNA helicase activity / apical plasma membrane / host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm / host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane / symbiont-mediated suppression of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / ribonucleoprotein complex Similarity search - Function | |||||||||
| Biological species | Homo sapiens (human) / ![]() | |||||||||
| Method | single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.04 Å | |||||||||
Authors | Yao W / Fay JF / Farrens DL | |||||||||
| Funding support | United States, 1 items
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Citation | Journal: Biophys J / Year: 2026Title: Biophysical and structural analysis of human green cone opsin. Authors: Weekie Yao / Jonathan F Fay / David L Farrens / ![]() Abstract: We describe a straightforward method for purifying and optimizing human green cone opsin (GCO), which we then used for biophysical and structural studies of a GCO mutant, GCO. Our results show that ...We describe a straightforward method for purifying and optimizing human green cone opsin (GCO), which we then used for biophysical and structural studies of a GCO mutant, GCO. Our results show that in dark-state GCO, residue E129 enables long-wavelength light absorption, presumably by acting as the counterion for the protonated retinal Schiff base. Notably, the Schiff base pKa in dark-state GCO appears to be markedly lower (pKa ≈4) than in the rhodopsin equivalent, Rho (pKa ≈7), indicating distinct electrostatic environments at the retinal attachment site. Functional studies show that light-activated GCO decays more slowly and activates more G-protein than wild-type GCO (GCO). To identify the basis for these differences, we determined the structure of active GCO bound to a G-protein. We first developed a streamlined workflow to identify conditions that enhance GCO binding to G-proteins. This approach involved screening GCO binding to Gα-CT resin (beads bearing tethered Gα C-terminal peptides), followed by small-scale pull-down assays using 1D4 antibody beads to detect co-purification of GCO with a Venus-tagged mini-G-protein. Using the optimized conditions, we determined a 3.0-Å cryo-EM structure of the GCO-G-protein complex. Comparison with rhodopsin and our recent 3.0-Å structure of GCO reveals that the active-state architectures are largely similar, with several intriguing differences. Together, these results establish a generalizable, streamlined approach for biophysical and structural analysis of cone opsins and provide new mechanistic insight into the activation and signaling properties of GCO. | |||||||||
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Structure visualization
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Downloads & links
-EMDB archive
| Map data | emd_72946.map.gz | 85 MB | EMDB map data format | |
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| Header (meta data) | emd-72946-v30.xml emd-72946.xml | 23.4 KB 23.4 KB | Display Display | EMDB header |
| FSC (resolution estimation) | emd_72946_fsc.xml | 13.2 KB | Display | FSC data file |
| Images | emd_72946.png | 121.2 KB | ||
| Filedesc metadata | emd-72946.cif.gz | 7.4 KB | ||
| Others | emd_72946_half_map_1.map.gz emd_72946_half_map_2.map.gz | 84.5 MB 84.5 MB | ||
| Archive directory | http://ftp.pdbj.org/pub/emdb/structures/EMD-72946 ftp://ftp.pdbj.org/pub/emdb/structures/EMD-72946 | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
| Related structure data | ![]() 9ygzMC C: citing same article ( M: atomic model generated by this map |
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| Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology F&H Search |
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Links
| EMDB pages | EMDB (EBI/PDBe) / EMDataResource |
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| Related items in Molecule of the Month |
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Map
| File | Download / File: emd_72946.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 91.1 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Annotation | structure of active mutant human green cone opsin (E129Q) in complex with chimeric G protein (miniGist) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Projections & slices | Image control
Images are generated by Spider. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Voxel size | X=Y=Z: 0.918 Å | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density |
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| Symmetry | Space group: 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Details | EMDB XML:
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-Supplemental data
-Half map: Half Map B
| File | emd_72946_half_map_1.map | ||||||||||||
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| Annotation | Half Map B | ||||||||||||
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| Density Histograms |
-Half map: Half Map A
| File | emd_72946_half_map_2.map | ||||||||||||
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| Annotation | Half Map A | ||||||||||||
| Projections & Slices |
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| Density Histograms |
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Sample components
-Entire : Cryo-EM structure of active mutant human green cone opsin (E129Q)...
| Entire | Name: Cryo-EM structure of active mutant human green cone opsin (E129Q) in complex with chimeric G protein (miniGist) |
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| Components |
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-Supramolecule #1: Cryo-EM structure of active mutant human green cone opsin (E129Q)...
| Supramolecule | Name: Cryo-EM structure of active mutant human green cone opsin (E129Q) in complex with chimeric G protein (miniGist) type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#5 |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
-Macromolecule #1: Medium-wave-sensitive opsin 1
| Macromolecule | Name: Medium-wave-sensitive opsin 1 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 40.784414 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: Chlorocebus aethiops (grivet monkey) |
| Sequence | String: MAQQWSLQRL AGRHPQDSYE DSTQSSIFTY TNSNSTRGPF EGPNYHIAPR WVYHLTSVWM IFVVIASVFT NGLVLAATMK FKKLRHPLN WILVNLAVAD LAETVIASTI SVVNQVYGYF VLGHPMCVLQ GYTVSLCGIT GLWSLAIISW ERWMVVCKPF G NVRFDAKL ...String: MAQQWSLQRL AGRHPQDSYE DSTQSSIFTY TNSNSTRGPF EGPNYHIAPR WVYHLTSVWM IFVVIASVFT NGLVLAATMK FKKLRHPLN WILVNLAVAD LAETVIASTI SVVNQVYGYF VLGHPMCVLQ GYTVSLCGIT GLWSLAIISW ERWMVVCKPF G NVRFDAKL AIVGIAFSWI WAAVWTAPPI FGWSRYWPHG LKTSCGPDVF SGSSYPGVQS YMIVLMVTCC ITPLSIIVLC YL QVWLAIR AVAKQQKESE STQKAEKEVT RMVVVMVLAF CFCWGPYAFF ACFAAANPGY PFHPLMAALP AFFAKSATIY NPV IYVFMN RQFRNCILQL FGKKVDDGSE LSSASKTEVT ETSQVAPA(UNK) UniProtKB: Medium-wave-sensitive opsin 1 |
-Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
| Macromolecule | Name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 38.878375 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: Chlorocebus aethiops (grivet monkey) |
| Sequence | String: MSELDQLRQE AEQLKNQIRD ARKACADATL SQITNNIDPV GRIQMRTRRT LRGHLAKIYA MHWGTDSRLL VSASQDGKLI IWDSYTTNK VHAIPLRSSW VMTCAYAPSG NYVACGGLDN ICSIYNLKTR EGNVRVSREL AGHTGYLSCC RFLDDNQIVT S SGDTTCAL ...String: MSELDQLRQE AEQLKNQIRD ARKACADATL SQITNNIDPV GRIQMRTRRT LRGHLAKIYA MHWGTDSRLL VSASQDGKLI IWDSYTTNK VHAIPLRSSW VMTCAYAPSG NYVACGGLDN ICSIYNLKTR EGNVRVSREL AGHTGYLSCC RFLDDNQIVT S SGDTTCAL WDIETGQQTT TFTGHTGDVM SLSLAPDTRL FVSGACDASA KLWDVREGMC RQTFTGHESD INAICFFPNG NA FATGSDD ATCRLFDLRA DQELMTYSHD NIICGITSVS FSKSGRLLLA GYDDFNCNVW DALKADRAGV LAGHDNRVSC LGV TDDGMA VATGSWDSFL KIWNGSSGGS SGTETSQVAP A UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 |
-Macromolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
| Macromolecule | Name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 7.861143 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: Chlorocebus aethiops (grivet monkey) |
| Sequence | String: MASNNTASIA QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP FREKKFFCAI L UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 |
-Macromolecule #4: scFv16
| Macromolecule | Name: scFv16 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: ![]() |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 28.674902 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() |
| Sequence | String: DVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSRKL SCSASGFAFS SFGMHWVRQA PEKGLEWVAY ISSGSGTIYY ADTVKGRFTI SRDDPKNTLF LQMTSLRSE DTAMYYCVRS IYYYGSSPFD FWGQGTTLTV SSGGGGSGGG GSGGGGSDIV MTQATSSVPV TPGESVSISC R SSKSLLHS ...String: DVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSRKL SCSASGFAFS SFGMHWVRQA PEKGLEWVAY ISSGSGTIYY ADTVKGRFTI SRDDPKNTLF LQMTSLRSE DTAMYYCVRS IYYYGSSPFD FWGQGTTLTV SSGGGGSGGG GSGGGGSDIV MTQATSSVPV TPGESVSISC R SSKSLLHS NGNTYLYWFL QRPGQSPQLL IYRMSNLASG VPDRFSGSGS GTAFTLTISR LEAEDVGVYY CMQHLEYPLT FG AGTKLEL KGSLEVLFQG PAAAHHHHHH H |
-Macromolecule #5: Genome polyprotein,Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subuni...
| Macromolecule | Name: Genome polyprotein,Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO EC number: Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 57.380715 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: Chlorocebus aethiops (grivet monkey) |
| Sequence | String: MLQNELALKL AGLDINKTGG SGVSKGEELF TGVVPILVEL DGDVNGHKFS VSGEGEGDAT YGKLTLKFIC TTGKLPVPWP TLVTTFGYG LQCFARYPDH MKQHDFFKSA MPEGYVQERT IFFKDDGNYK TRAEVKFEGD TLVNRIELKG IDFKEDGNIL G HKLEYNYN ...String: MLQNELALKL AGLDINKTGG SGVSKGEELF TGVVPILVEL DGDVNGHKFS VSGEGEGDAT YGKLTLKFIC TTGKLPVPWP TLVTTFGYG LQCFARYPDH MKQHDFFKSA MPEGYVQERT IFFKDDGNYK TRAEVKFEGD TLVNRIELKG IDFKEDGNIL G HKLEYNYN SHNVYIMADK QKNGIKVNFK IRHNIEDGSV QLADHYQQNT PIGDGPVLLP DNHYLSYQSA LSKDPNEKRD HM VLLEFVT AAGITLGMDE LYKGSGSGCT LSAEDKAAVE RSKMIEKQLQ KDKQVYRATH RLLLLGADNS GKSTIVKQMR ILH GGSGGS GGTSGIFETK FQVDKVNFHM FDVGGQRDER RKWIQCFNDV TAIIFVVDSS DYNRLQEALN DFKSIWNNRW LRTI SVILF LNKQDLLAEK VLAGKSKIED YFPEFARYTT PEDATPEPGE DPRVTRAKYF IRDEFLRIST ASGDGRHYCY PHFTC AVDT ENARRIFNDV TDIIILEDLK SCGLF UniProtKB: Genome polyprotein, Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas |
-Macromolecule #6: RETINAL
| Macromolecule | Name: RETINAL / type: ligand / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: RET |
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| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 284.436 Da |
| Chemical component information | ![]() ChemComp-RET: |
-Experimental details
-Structure determination
| Method | cryo EM |
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Processing | single particle reconstruction |
| Aggregation state | particle |
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Sample preparation
| Buffer | pH: 7 / Component - Concentration: 20.0 mM / Component - Formula: C8H18N2O4S / Component - Name: HEPES |
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| Grid | Model: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3 / Material: GOLD / Mesh: 300 / Support film - Material: CARBON / Support film - topology: HOLEY / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE |
| Vitrification | Cryogen name: ETHANE-PROPANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV |
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Electron microscopy
| Microscope | TFS GLACIOS |
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| Image recording | Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k) / Number real images: 2001 / Average electron dose: 37.2 e/Å2 |
| Electron beam | Acceleration voltage: 200 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN |
| Electron optics | Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.1 µm |
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Image processing
-Atomic model buiding 1
| Initial model | Chain - Source name: AlphaFold / Chain - Initial model type: in silico model |
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| Output model | ![]() PDB-9ygz: |
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Keywords
Homo sapiens (human)
Authors
United States, 1 items
Citation


























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FIELD EMISSION GUN
