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- EMDB-71433: (S)-ketamine bound mu-opioid receptor in complex with Gi1 -

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Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-71433
Title(S)-ketamine bound mu-opioid receptor in complex with Gi1
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: The cryo-EM structure of MOR and (S)-ketamine Ligand: (S)-ketamine
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
    • Protein or peptide: Mu-type opioid receptor
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: ScFv16 protein
  • Ligand: (2~{S})-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one
Keywordsmu-opioid receptor / GPCR / SIGNALING PROTEIN
Function / homology
Function and homology information


Opioid Signalling / beta-endorphin receptor activity / morphine receptor activity / negative regulation of Wnt protein secretion / G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway / negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / behavioral response to ethanol / positive regulation of neurogenesis / regulation of NMDA receptor activity ...Opioid Signalling / beta-endorphin receptor activity / morphine receptor activity / negative regulation of Wnt protein secretion / G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway / negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / behavioral response to ethanol / positive regulation of neurogenesis / regulation of NMDA receptor activity / neuropeptide binding / sensory perception / negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration / regulation of cellular response to stress / G-protein alpha-subunit binding / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger / voltage-gated calcium channel activity / MECP2 regulates neuronal receptors and channels / sensory perception of pain / regulation of eating behavior / adenylate cyclase inhibitor activity / T cell migration / positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex / positive regulation of relaxation of smooth muscle / Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway / D2 dopamine receptor binding / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway / G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding / cellular response to forskolin / regulation of mitotic spindle organization / Peptide ligand-binding receptors / mast cell degranulation / chemokine-mediated signaling pathway / neuropeptide signaling pathway / Regulation of insulin secretion / response to prostaglandin E / positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process / G protein-coupled receptor binding / response to peptide hormone / G protein-coupled receptor activity / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / GDP binding / photoreceptor disc membrane / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / G alpha (z) signalling events / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / GPER1 signaling / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / G-protein beta-subunit binding / extracellular vesicle / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / ciliary basal body / Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling / GTPase binding / midbody / G protein activity / Ca2+ pathway / cell cortex / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / G alpha (i) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / G alpha (q) signalling events / Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement / perikaryon / Ras protein signal transduction / positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / endosome
Similarity search - Function
Mu opioid receptor / Opioid receptor / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G protein alpha subunit / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. ...Mu opioid receptor / Opioid receptor / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G protein alpha subunit / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Mu-type opioid receptor / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / Mus musculus (house mouse)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.92 Å
AuthorsJiang QR / Han JM / Fay JF / Che T
Funding support United States, 2 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH/NIDA)R01DA058020 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)R35GM143061 United States
CitationJournal: Nat Struct Mol Biol / Year: 2026
Title: Structural basis of opioid receptor activation by PCP and ketamine.
Authors: Qianru Jiang / Jianming Han / Eve J Fine / Nokomis Ramos-Gonzalez / Vipin Ashok Rangari / Micaela V Ruiz / Madalyn L Critz / Carl-Mikael Suomivuori / Jing Wang / Talia L Albert / Kyle ...Authors: Qianru Jiang / Jianming Han / Eve J Fine / Nokomis Ramos-Gonzalez / Vipin Ashok Rangari / Micaela V Ruiz / Madalyn L Critz / Carl-Mikael Suomivuori / Jing Wang / Talia L Albert / Kyle Whiddon / Kunpeng Li / Michael J Robertson / Xi-Ping Huang / Benjamin B Land / Susruta Majumdar / Jonathan F Fay / Ron O Dror / Tao Che /
Abstract: Ketamine offers rapid relief for treatment-resistant depression and severe pain in the clinic, providing immediate benefits that traditional medications often fail to deliver. While its antagonistic ...Ketamine offers rapid relief for treatment-resistant depression and severe pain in the clinic, providing immediate benefits that traditional medications often fail to deliver. While its antagonistic action at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is a key mechanism, ketamine's dual nature as both a promising treatment and a drug with abuse potential suggests its therapeutic effects extend beyond NMDAR inhibition. Here we provide structural evidence of human opioid receptors bound to ketamine and its parent analog phencyclidine (PCP), supporting that both ligands can directly bind and activate opioid receptors. The structures, together with site-directed mutagenesis and structure-activity relationship studies, identify key motifs involved in ketamine and PCP recognition and efficacy modulation. Furthermore, we determine the structure of the ligand-free state of human κ opioid receptor, revealing molecular details before ligand engagement. Compared to PCP, ketamine displays more notable binding dynamics in the orthosteric site that may contribute to its unique pharmacology at opioid receptors. Our findings highlight the importance of including opioid receptors to fully understand ketamine's versatility in clinical settings.
History
DepositionJun 25, 2025-
Header (metadata) releaseJul 1, 2026-
Map releaseJul 1, 2026-
UpdateJul 1, 2026-
Current statusJul 1, 2026Processing site: RCSB / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_71433.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 91.1 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
0.83 Å/pix.
x 288 pix.
= 238.464 Å
0.83 Å/pix.
x 288 pix.
= 238.464 Å
0.83 Å/pix.
x 288 pix.
= 238.464 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.828 Å
Density
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.11
Minimum - Maximum-1.0228658 - 1.5078694
Average (Standard dev.)-0.0003838511 (±0.027308613)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions288288288
Spacing288288288
CellA=B=C: 238.464 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Half map: #2

Fileemd_71433_half_map_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

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Half map: #1

Fileemd_71433_half_map_2.map
Projections & Slices
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Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

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Sample components

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Entire : The cryo-EM structure of MOR and (S)-ketamine Ligand: (S)-ketamine

EntireName: The cryo-EM structure of MOR and (S)-ketamine Ligand: (S)-ketamine
Components
  • Complex: The cryo-EM structure of MOR and (S)-ketamine Ligand: (S)-ketamine
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
    • Protein or peptide: Mu-type opioid receptor
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: ScFv16 protein
  • Ligand: (2~{S})-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one

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Supramolecule #1: The cryo-EM structure of MOR and (S)-ketamine Ligand: (S)-ketamine

SupramoleculeName: The cryo-EM structure of MOR and (S)-ketamine Ligand: (S)-ketamine
type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#5
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 40.414047 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MGCTLSAEDK AAVERSKMID RNLREDGEKA AREVKLLLLG AGESGKNTIV KQMKIIHEAG YSEEECKQYK AVVYSNTIQS IIAIIRAMG RLKIDFGDSA RADDARQLFV LAGAAEEGFM TAELAGVIKR LWKDSGVQAC FNRSREYQLN DSAAYYLNDL D RIAQPNYI ...String:
MGCTLSAEDK AAVERSKMID RNLREDGEKA AREVKLLLLG AGESGKNTIV KQMKIIHEAG YSEEECKQYK AVVYSNTIQS IIAIIRAMG RLKIDFGDSA RADDARQLFV LAGAAEEGFM TAELAGVIKR LWKDSGVQAC FNRSREYQLN DSAAYYLNDL D RIAQPNYI PTQQDVLRTR VKTTGIVETH FTFKDLHFKM FDVGAQRSER KKWIHCFEGV TAIIFCVALS DYDLVLAEDE EM NRMHASM KLFDSICNNK WFTDTSIILF LNKKDLFEEK IKKSPLTICY PEYAGSNTYE EAAAYIQCQF EDLNKRKDTK EIY THFTCS TDTKNVQFVF DAVTDVIIKN NLKDCGLF

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1

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Macromolecule #2: Mu-type opioid receptor

MacromoleculeName: Mu-type opioid receptor / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 35.105863 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: GRDSLCPPTG SPSMITAITI MALYSIVCVV GLFGNFLVMY VIVRYTKMKT ATNIYIFNLA LADALATSTL PFQSVNYLMG TWPFGTILC KIVISIDYYN MFTSIWTLCT MSVDRYIAVC HPVKALDFRT PRNAKIINVC NWILSSAIGL PVMFMATTKY R QGSIDCTL ...String:
GRDSLCPPTG SPSMITAITI MALYSIVCVV GLFGNFLVMY VIVRYTKMKT ATNIYIFNLA LADALATSTL PFQSVNYLMG TWPFGTILC KIVISIDYYN MFTSIWTLCT MSVDRYIAVC HPVKALDFRT PRNAKIINVC NWILSSAIGL PVMFMATTKY R QGSIDCTL TFSHPTWYWE NLLKICVFIF AFIMPVLIIT VCYGLMILRL KSVRMLSGSK EKDRNLRRIT RMVLVVVAVF IV CWTPIHI YVIIKALVTI PETTFQTVSW HFCIALGYTN SCLNPVLYAF LDENFKRCFR EFCIPTSSNI E

UniProtKB: Mu-type opioid receptor

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Macromolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 37.342785 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: GSELDQLRQE AEQLKNQIRD ARKACADATL SQITNNIDPV GRIQMRTRRT LRGHLAKIYA MHWGTDSRLL VSASQDGKLI IWDSYTTNK VHAIPLRSSW VMTCAYAPSG NYVACGGLDN ICSIYNLKTR EGNVRVSREL AGHTGYLSCC RFLDDNQIVT S SGDTTCAL ...String:
GSELDQLRQE AEQLKNQIRD ARKACADATL SQITNNIDPV GRIQMRTRRT LRGHLAKIYA MHWGTDSRLL VSASQDGKLI IWDSYTTNK VHAIPLRSSW VMTCAYAPSG NYVACGGLDN ICSIYNLKTR EGNVRVSREL AGHTGYLSCC RFLDDNQIVT S SGDTTCAL WDIETGQQTT TFTGHTGDVM SLSLAPDTRL FVSGACDASA KLWDVREGMC RQTFTGHESD INAICFFPNG NA FATGSDD ATCRLFDLRA DQELMTYSHD NIICGITSVS FSKSGRLLLA GYDDFNCNVW DALKADRAGV LAGHDNRVSC LGV TDDGMA VATGSWDSFL KIWN

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #4: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 7.861143 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString:
MASNNTASIA QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP FREKKFFCAI L

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

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Macromolecule #5: ScFv16 protein

MacromoleculeName: ScFv16 protein / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Mus musculus (house mouse)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 26.679721 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: DVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSRKL SCSASGFAFS SFGMHWVRQA PEKGLEWVAY ISSGSGTIYY ADTVKGRFTI SRDDPKNTLF LQMTSLRSE DTAMYYCVRS IYYYGSSPFD FWGQGTTLTV SSGGGGSGGG GSGGGGSDIV MTQATSSVPV TPGESVSISC R SSKSLLHS ...String:
DVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSRKL SCSASGFAFS SFGMHWVRQA PEKGLEWVAY ISSGSGTIYY ADTVKGRFTI SRDDPKNTLF LQMTSLRSE DTAMYYCVRS IYYYGSSPFD FWGQGTTLTV SSGGGGSGGG GSGGGGSDIV MTQATSSVPV TPGESVSISC R SSKSLLHS NGNTYLYWFL QRPGQSPQLL IYRMSNLASG VPDRFSGSGS GTAFTLTISR LEAEDVGVYY CMQHLEYPLT FG AGTKLEL KAAA

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Macromolecule #6: (2~{S})-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one

MacromoleculeName: (2~{S})-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one
type: ligand / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: JC9
Molecular weightTheoretical: 237.725 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-JC9:
(2~{S})-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7.4
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI POLARA 300
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 60.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 3.06 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.18 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Tecnai Polara / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Startup modelType of model: PDB ENTRY
PDB model - PDB ID:
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 2.92 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 781563
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD

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