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- EMDB-66350: Cryo-EM structure of the full-length GPR15L bound GPR15-Gi complex -

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Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-66350
TitleCryo-EM structure of the full-length GPR15L bound GPR15-Gi complex
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: GPR15L bound GPR15-Gi complex
    • Protein or peptide: Protein GPR15LG
    • Protein or peptide: G-protein coupled receptor 15
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: scFv16
KeywordsGPCR / GPR15L / GPR15 / MEMBRANE PROTEIN/IMMUNE SYSTEM / MEMBRANE PROTEIN-IMMUNE SYSTEM complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


lymphocyte chemotaxis / regulation of keratinocyte proliferation / regulation of T cell migration / negative regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition / negative regulation of cell division / negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity / chemokine activity / GTP metabolic process / mast cell degranulation / T cell homeostasis ...lymphocyte chemotaxis / regulation of keratinocyte proliferation / regulation of T cell migration / negative regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition / negative regulation of cell division / negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity / chemokine activity / GTP metabolic process / mast cell degranulation / T cell homeostasis / positive regulation of macroautophagy / defense response to fungus / coreceptor activity / T cell migration / Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway / G protein-coupled receptor binding / G protein-coupled receptor activity / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / centriolar satellite / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / Olfactory Signaling Pathway / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / G-protein activation / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / Synthesis, secretion, and inactivation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / photoreceptor disc membrane / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / GDP binding / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / G alpha (z) signalling events / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / GPER1 signaling / G-protein beta-subunit binding / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / extracellular vesicle / sensory perception of taste / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / retina development in camera-type eye / virus receptor activity / GTPase binding / Ca2+ pathway / fibroblast proliferation / angiogenesis / midbody / High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells / G alpha (i) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / G alpha (q) signalling events / Ras protein signal transduction / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / cell population proliferation / endosome / defense response to Gram-positive bacterium / ciliary basal body / receptor ligand activity / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / lysosomal membrane / cell division / GTPase activity / synapse / centrosome / symbiont entry into host cell / GTP binding / protein-containing complex binding / nucleolus / Golgi apparatus / signal transduction / extracellular space / extracellular exosome / extracellular region / nucleoplasm / metal ion binding / membrane / plasma membrane / cytosol / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
G-protein coupled receptor ligand 15 / G-protein coupled receptor ligand 15 / : / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srsx / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit ...G-protein coupled receptor ligand 15 / G-protein coupled receptor ligand 15 / : / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srsx / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / G protein beta WD-40 repeat protein / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 / G-protein coupled receptor 15 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Protein GPR15LG
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / Mus musculus (house mouse)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.3 Å
AuthorsHan S / Wu B / Zhao Q
Funding support China, 1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Science Foundation (NSF, China)82121005 China
CitationJournal: iScience / Year: 2025
Title: Molecular insights into ligand recognition and receptor activation of GPR15.
Authors: Shutian Chen / Xuteng Han / Yuxia Zhang / Limin Ma / Cuiying Yi / Xiaojing Chu / Qiuxiang Tan / Shuo Han / Qiang Zhao / Beili Wu /
Abstract: In response to the chemokine-like peptide GPR15L, G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) is crucial for immune cell trafficking and inflammatory diseases. However, understanding of its physiology and ...In response to the chemokine-like peptide GPR15L, G protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) is crucial for immune cell trafficking and inflammatory diseases. However, understanding of its physiology and pathology is hindered by lack of molecular details of the interaction between GPR15 and the full-length GPR15L. Here, we report the structure of GPR15 bound to the full-length GPR15L and G protein. Combined with mutagenesis data, this structure reveals key interactions that define ligand recognition and a subpocket that governs GPR15L selectivity and receptor activation. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that sulfation modifications in the N-terminal region of GPR15 may play a role in stabilizing the binding between GPR15 and the core region of GPR15L. Furthermore, molecular docking of some potential small-molecule antagonists suggests a conserved molecular pattern of these ligands inhibiting receptor activation. These findings provide essential insight into functional modulation of GPR15 and would facilitate development of therapeutic strategies for treatment of inflammation and immune diseases.
History
DepositionSep 25, 2025-
Header (metadata) releaseNov 19, 2025-
Map releaseNov 19, 2025-
UpdateDec 17, 2025-
Current statusDec 17, 2025Processing site: PDBc / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_66350.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_66350.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 64 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.07 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 274.176 Å		1.07 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 274.176 Å		1.07 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 274.176 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.071 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.5
Minimum - Maximum-1.8232876 - 4.2464848
Average (Standard dev.)0.011479596 (±0.0765439)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions256256256
Spacing256256256
CellA=B=C: 274.176 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Sample components

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Entire : GPR15L bound GPR15-Gi complex

EntireName: GPR15L bound GPR15-Gi complex
Components
  • Complex: GPR15L bound GPR15-Gi complex
    • Protein or peptide: Protein GPR15LG
    • Protein or peptide: G-protein coupled receptor 15
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: scFv16

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Supramolecule #1: GPR15L bound GPR15-Gi complex

SupramoleculeName: GPR15L bound GPR15-Gi complex / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: Protein GPR15LG

MacromoleculeName: Protein GPR15LG / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 6.591857 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString:
GKRRPAKAWS GRRTRLCCHR VPSPNSTNLK GHHVRLCKPC KLEPEPRLWV VPGALPQV

UniProtKB: Protein GPR15LG

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Macromolecule #2: G-protein coupled receptor 15

MacromoleculeName: G-protein coupled receptor 15 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 42.638719 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: GAPMDPEETS VYLDYYYATS PNSDIRETHS HVPYTSVFLP VFYTAVFLTG VLGNLVLMGA LHFKPGSRRL IDIFIINLAA SDFIFLVTL PLWVDKEASL GLWRTGSFLC KGSSYMISVN MHCSVLLLTC MSVDRYLAIV WPVVSRKFRR TDCAYVVCAS I WFISCLLG ...String:
GAPMDPEETS VYLDYYYATS PNSDIRETHS HVPYTSVFLP VFYTAVFLTG VLGNLVLMGA LHFKPGSRRL IDIFIINLAA SDFIFLVTL PLWVDKEASL GLWRTGSFLC KGSSYMISVN MHCSVLLLTC MSVDRYLAIV WPVVSRKFRR TDCAYVVCAS I WFISCLLG LPTLLSRELT LIDDKPYCAE KKATPIKLIW SLVALIFTFF VPLLSIVTCY CCIARKLCAH YQQSGKHNKK LK KSIKIIF IVVAAFLVSW LPFNTFKFLA IVSGLRQEHY LPSAILQLGM EVSGPLAFAN SCVNPFIYYI FDSYIRRAIV HCL CPCLKN YDFGSSTEFL EVLFQGPWSH PQFEKGGGSG GGSGGSAWSH PQFEKDYKDD DDK

UniProtKB: G-protein coupled receptor 15

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Macromolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 40.617246 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MGCTLSAEDK AAVERSKMID RNLREDGEKA AKEVKLLLLG AGESGKCTIV KQMKIIHEDG YSEDECKQYK VVVYSNTIQS IIAIIRAMG RLKIDFGEAA RADDARQLFV LAGSAEEGVM TPELAGVIKR LWRDGGVQAC FSRSREYQLN DSASYYLNDL D RISQSNYI ...String:
MGCTLSAEDK AAVERSKMID RNLREDGEKA AKEVKLLLLG AGESGKCTIV KQMKIIHEDG YSEDECKQYK VVVYSNTIQS IIAIIRAMG RLKIDFGEAA RADDARQLFV LAGSAEEGVM TPELAGVIKR LWRDGGVQAC FSRSREYQLN DSASYYLNDL D RISQSNYI PTQQDVLRTR VKTTGIVETH FTFKDLYFKM FDVTAQRSER KKWIHCFEGV TAIIFCVALS DYDLVLAEDE EM NRMHASM KLFDSICNNK WFTETSIILF LNKKDLFEEK IKRSPLTICY PEYTGSNTYE EAAAYIQCQF EDLNRRKDTK EIY THFTCS TDTKNVQFVF DAVTDVIIKN NLKECGLY

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3

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Macromolecule #4: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 38.744371 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MHHHHHHGSL LQSELDQLRQ EAEQLKNQIR DARKACADAT LSQITNNIDP VGRIQMRTRR TLRGHLAKIY AMHWGTDSRL LVSASQDGK LIIWDSYTTN KVHAIPLRSS WVMTCAYAPS GNYVACGGLD NICSIYNLKT REGNVRVSRE LAGHTGYLSC C RFLDDNQI ...String:
MHHHHHHGSL LQSELDQLRQ EAEQLKNQIR DARKACADAT LSQITNNIDP VGRIQMRTRR TLRGHLAKIY AMHWGTDSRL LVSASQDGK LIIWDSYTTN KVHAIPLRSS WVMTCAYAPS GNYVACGGLD NICSIYNLKT REGNVRVSRE LAGHTGYLSC C RFLDDNQI VTSSGDTTCA LWDIETGQQT TTFTGHTGDV MSLSLAPDTR LFVSGACDAS AKLWDVREGM CRQTFTGHES DI NAICFFP NGNAFATGSD DATCRLFDLR ADQELMTYSH DNIICGITSV SFSKSGRLLL AGYDDFNCNV WDALKADRAG VLA GHDNRV SCLGVTDDGM AVATGSWDSF LKIWN

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

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Macromolecule #5: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 7.861143 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString:
MASNNTASIA QARKLVEQLK MEANIDRIKV SKAAADLMAY CEAHAKEDPL LTPVPASENP FREKKFFCAI L

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

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Macromolecule #6: scFv16

MacromoleculeName: scFv16 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Mus musculus (house mouse)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 28.668922 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString: DVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSRKL SCSASGFAFS SFGMHWVRQA PEKGLEWVAY ISSGSGTIYY ADTVKGRFTI SRDDPKNTLF LQMTSLRSE DTAMYYCVRS IYYYGSSPFD FWGQGTTLTV SSGGGGSGGG GSGGGGSDIV MTQATSSVPV TPGESVSISC R SSKSLLHS ...String:
DVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSRKL SCSASGFAFS SFGMHWVRQA PEKGLEWVAY ISSGSGTIYY ADTVKGRFTI SRDDPKNTLF LQMTSLRSE DTAMYYCVRS IYYYGSSPFD FWGQGTTLTV SSGGGGSGGG GSGGGGSDIV MTQATSSVPV TPGESVSISC R SSKSLLHS NGNTYLYWFL QRPGQSPQLL IYRMSNLASG VPDRFSGSGS GTAFTLTISR LEAEDVGVYY CMQHLEYPLT FG AGTKLEL KAAALEVLFQ GPHHHHHHHH

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7.5
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeTFS KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 70.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1.5 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.8 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

CTF correctionType: NONE
Startup modelType of model: INSILICO MODEL
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.3 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Software - Name: cryoSPARC / Number images used: 286873
Initial angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD
Final angle assignmentType: MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD

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