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Open data
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Basic information
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| Title | Structure of CTF18-PCNA with ATP | |||||||||
Map data | This is the sharpened map. | |||||||||
Sample |
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Keywords | CTF18-RFC / human clamp loader / PCNA / sliding clamp / complex / ATP / DNA BINDING PROTEIN | |||||||||
| Function / homology | Function and homology informationElg1 RFC-like complex / DNA replication factor C complex / Ctf18 RFC-like complex / positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity / dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding / PCNA-p21 complex / mitotic telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication / purine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity / DNA clamp loader activity / nuclear lamina ...Elg1 RFC-like complex / DNA replication factor C complex / Ctf18 RFC-like complex / positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity / dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding / PCNA-p21 complex / mitotic telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication / purine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity / DNA clamp loader activity / nuclear lamina / positive regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity / Polymerase switching / MutLalpha complex binding / Processive synthesis on the lagging strand / Telomere C-strand (Lagging Strand) Synthesis / PCNA complex / Removal of the Flap Intermediate / Mismatch repair (MMR) directed by MSH2:MSH3 (MutSbeta) / Mismatch repair (MMR) directed by MSH2:MSH6 (MutSalpha) / Processive synthesis on the C-strand of the telomere / Transcription of E2F targets under negative control by DREAM complex / Polymerase switching on the C-strand of the telomere / Removal of the Flap Intermediate from the C-strand / replisome / response to L-glutamate / HDR through Single Strand Annealing (SSA) / DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication / response to dexamethasone / DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair / Impaired BRCA2 binding to RAD51 / histone acetyltransferase binding / DNA polymerase processivity factor activity / G1/S-Specific Transcription / leading strand elongation / nuclear replication fork / replication fork processing / Presynaptic phase of homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange / SUMOylation of DNA replication proteins / PCNA-Dependent Long Patch Base Excision Repair / ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA / response to cadmium ion / translesion synthesis / estrous cycle / mismatch repair / Activation of ATR in response to replication stress / cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex / base-excision repair, gap-filling / DNA polymerase binding / liver regeneration / epithelial cell differentiation / positive regulation of DNA repair / TP53 Regulates Transcription of Genes Involved in G2 Cell Cycle Arrest / Translesion synthesis by REV1 / Translesion synthesis by POLK / Translesion synthesis by POLI / positive regulation of DNA replication / Gap-filling DNA repair synthesis and ligation in GG-NER / replication fork / nuclear estrogen receptor binding / male germ cell nucleus / Termination of translesion DNA synthesis / Recognition of DNA damage by PCNA-containing replication complex / Translesion Synthesis by POLH / receptor tyrosine kinase binding / G2/M DNA damage checkpoint / HDR through Homologous Recombination (HRR) / Dual Incision in GG-NER / DNA-templated DNA replication / cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus / cellular response to hydrogen peroxide / Dual incision in TC-NER / Gap-filling DNA repair synthesis and ligation in TC-NER / cellular response to UV / response to estradiol / E3 ubiquitin ligases ubiquitinate target proteins / heart development / Processing of DNA double-strand break ends / chromatin organization / Regulation of TP53 Activity through Phosphorylation / damaged DNA binding / chromosome, telomeric region / DNA replication / nuclear body / DNA repair / centrosome / chromatin binding / chromatin / protein-containing complex binding / enzyme binding / negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II / ATP hydrolysis activity / DNA binding / extracellular exosome / nucleoplasm / ATP binding / identical protein binding / nucleus / membrane / cytosol Similarity search - Function | |||||||||
| Biological species | Homo sapiens (human) | |||||||||
| Method | single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.99 Å | |||||||||
Authors | Briola GR / Tehseen M / Al-Amodi A / Nguyen PQ / Savva CG / Hamdan SM / De Biasio A | |||||||||
| Funding support | Saudi Arabia, 1 items
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Citation | Journal: bioRxiv / Year: 2025Title: Structure of the human CTF18-RFC clamp loader bound to PCNA. Authors: Giuseppina R Briola / Muhammad Tehseen / Amani Al-Amodi / Grace Young / Ammar U Danazumi / Phong Quoc Nguyen / Christos G Savva / Mark Hedglin / Samir M Hamdan / Alfredo De Biasio / ![]() Abstract: Sliding clamps like PCNA are crucial processivity factors for replicative polymerases, requiring specific clamp loaders for loading onto DNA. The human alternative clamp loader CTF18-RFC interacts ...Sliding clamps like PCNA are crucial processivity factors for replicative polymerases, requiring specific clamp loaders for loading onto DNA. The human alternative clamp loader CTF18-RFC interacts with the leading strand polymerase Pol ε and loads PCNA onto primer/template DNA using its RFC pentameric module. Here, we provide a structural characterization of the human CTF18-RFC complex and its interaction with PCNA. Our cryo-EM data support that the Ctf8 and Dcc1 subunits of CTF18-RFC, which form the regulatory module interacting with Pol ε, are flexibly tethered to the RFC module. A 2.9 Å cryo-EM structure shows the RFC module bound to PCNA in an auto-inhibited conformation similar to the canonical RFC loader, marking the initial step of the clamp-loading reaction. The unique RFC1 (Ctf18) large subunit of CTF18-RFC, which based on the cryo-EM map shows high relative flexibility, is anchored to PCNA through an atypical low-affinity PIP box in the AAA+ domain and engages the RFC5 subunit using a novel β-hairpin at the disordered N-terminus. We show that deletion of this β-hairpin impairs the CTF18-RFC-PCNA complex stability, slows down clamp loading, and decreases the rate of primer synthesis by Pol ε. Our research identifies distinctive structural characteristics of the human CTF18-RFC complex, providing insights into its role in PCNA loading and the stimulation of leading strand synthesis by Pol ε. | |||||||||
| History |
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Structure visualization
| Supplemental images |
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Downloads & links
-EMDB archive
| Map data | emd_60534.map.gz | 24.1 MB | EMDB map data format | |
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| Header (meta data) | emd-60534-v30.xml emd-60534.xml | 29.9 KB 29.9 KB | Display Display | EMDB header |
| FSC (resolution estimation) | emd_60534_fsc.xml | 16.9 KB | Display | FSC data file |
| Images | emd_60534.png | 61.8 KB | ||
| Masks | emd_60534_msk_1.map | 421.9 MB | Mask map | |
| Filedesc metadata | emd-60534.cif.gz | 9 KB | ||
| Others | emd_60534_half_map_1.map.gz emd_60534_half_map_2.map.gz | 338.7 MB 338 MB | ||
| Archive directory | http://ftp.pdbj.org/pub/emdb/structures/EMD-60534 ftp://ftp.pdbj.org/pub/emdb/structures/EMD-60534 | HTTPS FTP |
-Related structure data
| Related structure data | ![]() 8zwoMC ![]() 9iinC M: atomic model generated by this map C: citing same article ( |
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| Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology F&H Search |
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Links
| EMDB pages | EMDB (EBI/PDBe) / EMDataResource |
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| Related items in Molecule of the Month |
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Map
| File | Download / File: emd_60534.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 421.9 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Annotation | This is the sharpened map. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Projections & slices | Image control
Images are generated by Spider. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Voxel size | X=Y=Z: 0.93 Å | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density |
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| Symmetry | Space group: 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Details | EMDB XML:
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-Supplemental data
-Mask #1
| File | emd_60534_msk_1.map | ||||||||||||
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| Density Histograms |
-Half map: Half map 1.
| File | emd_60534_half_map_1.map | ||||||||||||
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| Annotation | Half map 1. | ||||||||||||
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| Density Histograms |
-Half map: Half map 2.
| File | emd_60534_half_map_2.map | ||||||||||||
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| Annotation | Half map 2. | ||||||||||||
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Sample components
-Entire : CTF18-PCNA
| Entire | Name: CTF18-PCNA |
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| Components |
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-Supramolecule #1: CTF18-PCNA
| Supramolecule | Name: CTF18-PCNA / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#6 / Details: CTF18 in complex with PCNA, in presence of ATP |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 323 KDa |
-Macromolecule #1: Chromosome transmission fidelity protein 18 homolog
| Macromolecule | Name: Chromosome transmission fidelity protein 18 homolog / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 Details: 8ZWO: -35 INITIAL M 8ZWO: from -34 to 0 is the expression tag Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 111.40707 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() |
| Sequence | String: MSAWSHPQFE KGGGSGGGSG GSAWSHPQFE KENLYFQGED YEQELCGVED DFHNQFAAEL EVLAELEGAS TPSPSGVPLF TAGRPPRTF EEALARGDAA SSPAPAASVG SSQGGARKRQ VDADLQPAGS LPHAPRIKRP RLQVVKRLNF RSEEMEEPPP P DSSPTDIT ...String: MSAWSHPQFE KGGGSGGGSG GSAWSHPQFE KENLYFQGED YEQELCGVED DFHNQFAAEL EVLAELEGAS TPSPSGVPLF TAGRPPRTF EEALARGDAA SSPAPAASVG SSQGGARKRQ VDADLQPAGS LPHAPRIKRP RLQVVKRLNF RSEEMEEPPP P DSSPTDIT PPPSPEDLAE LWGHGVSEAA ADVGLTRASP AARNPVLRRP PILEDYVHVT STEGVRAYLV LRADPMAPGV QG SLLHVPW RGGGQLDLLG VSLASLKKQV DGERRERLLQ EAQKLSDTLH SLRSGEEEAA QPLGAPEEEP TDGQDASSHC LWV DEFAPR HYTELLSDDF TNRCLLKWLK LWDLVVFGHE RPSRKPRPSV EPARVSKEAT APGKWKSHEQ VLEEMLEAGL DPSQ RPKQK VALLCGPPGL GKTTLAHVIA RHAGYSVVEM NASDDRSPEV FRTRIEAATQ MESVLGAGGK PNCLVIDEID GAPVA AINV LLSILNRKGP QEVGPQGPAV PSGGGRRRRA EGGLLMRPII CICNDQFAPS LRQLKQQAFL LHFPPTLPSR LVQRLQ EVS LRQGMRADPG VLAALCEKTD NDIRACINTL QFLYSRGQRE LSVRDVQATR VGLKDQRRGL FSVWQEVFQL PRAQRRR VG QDPALPADTL LLGDGDAGSL TSASQRFYRV LHAAASAGEH EKVVQGLFDN FLRLRLRDSS LGAVCVALDW LAFDDLLA G AAHHSQSFQL LRYPPFLPVA FHVLFASSHT PRITFPSSQQ EAQNRMSQMR NLIQTLVSGI APATRSRATP QALLLDALC LLLDILAPKL RPVSTQLYST REKQQLASLV GTMLAYSLTY RQERTPDGQY IYRLEPNVEE LCRFPELPAR KPLTYQTKQL IAREIEVEK MRRAEASARV ENSPQVDGSP PGLEGLLGGI GEKGVHRPAP RNHEQRLEHI MRRAAREEQP EKDFFGRVVV R STAVPSAG DTAPEQDSVE RRMGTAVGRS EVWFRFNEGV SNAVRRSLYI RDLL UniProtKB: Chromosome transmission fidelity protein 18 homolog |
-Macromolecule #2: Replication factor C subunit 2
| Macromolecule | Name: Replication factor C subunit 2 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 39.203207 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() |
| Sequence | String: MEVEAVCGGA GEVEAQDSDP APAFSKAPGS AGHYELPWVE KYRPVKLNEI VGNEDTVSRL EVFAREGNVP NIIIAGPPGT GKTTSILCL ARALLGPALK DAMLELNASN DRGIDVVRNK IKMFAQQKVT LPKGRHKIII LDEADSMTDG AQQALRRTME I YSKTTRFA ...String: MEVEAVCGGA GEVEAQDSDP APAFSKAPGS AGHYELPWVE KYRPVKLNEI VGNEDTVSRL EVFAREGNVP NIIIAGPPGT GKTTSILCL ARALLGPALK DAMLELNASN DRGIDVVRNK IKMFAQQKVT LPKGRHKIII LDEADSMTDG AQQALRRTME I YSKTTRFA LACNASDKII EPIQSRCAVL RYTKLTDAQI LTRLMNVIEK ERVPYTDDGL EAIIFTAQGD MRQALNNLQS TF SGFGFIN SENVFKVCDE PHPLLVKEMI QHCVNANIDE AYKILAHLWH LGYSPEDIIG NIFRVCKTFQ MAEYLKLEFI KEI GYTHMK IAEGVNSLLQ MAGLLARLCQ KTMAPVAS UniProtKB: Replication factor C subunit 2 |
-Macromolecule #3: Replication factor C subunit 5
| Macromolecule | Name: Replication factor C subunit 5 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 Details: 8ZWO: M-5 INITIATING METHIONINE 8ZWO: from -4 to 0 is the expression tag Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 38.545512 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() |
| Sequence | String: METSALKQQE QPAATKIRNL PWVEKYRPQT LNDLISHQDI LSTIQKFINE DRLPHLLLYG PPGTGKTSTI LACAKQLYKD KEFGSMVLE LNASDDRGID IIRGPILSFA STRTIFKKGF KLVILDEADA MTQDAQNALR RVIEKFTENT RFCLICNYLS K IIPALQSR ...String: METSALKQQE QPAATKIRNL PWVEKYRPQT LNDLISHQDI LSTIQKFINE DRLPHLLLYG PPGTGKTSTI LACAKQLYKD KEFGSMVLE LNASDDRGID IIRGPILSFA STRTIFKKGF KLVILDEADA MTQDAQNALR RVIEKFTENT RFCLICNYLS K IIPALQSR CTRFRFGPLT PELMVPRLEH VVEEEKVDIS EDGMKALVTL SSGDMRRALN ILQSTNMAFG KVTEETVYTC TG HPLKSDI ANILDWMLNQ DFTTAYRNIT ELKTLKGLAL HDILTEIHLF VHRVDFPSSV RIHLLTKMAD IEYRLSVGTN EKI QLSSLI AAFQVTRDLI VAEA UniProtKB: Replication factor C subunit 5 |
-Macromolecule #4: Replication factor C subunit 4
| Macromolecule | Name: Replication factor C subunit 4 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 39.735711 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() |
| Sequence | String: MQAFLKGTSI STKPPLTKDR GVAASAGSSG ENKKAKPVPW VEKYRPKCVD EVAFQEEVVA VLKKSLEGAD LPNLLFYGPP GTGKTSTIL AAARELFGPE LFRLRVLELN ASDERGIQVV REKVKNFAQL TVSGSRSDGK PCPPFKIVIL DEADSMTSAA Q AALRRTME ...String: MQAFLKGTSI STKPPLTKDR GVAASAGSSG ENKKAKPVPW VEKYRPKCVD EVAFQEEVVA VLKKSLEGAD LPNLLFYGPP GTGKTSTIL AAARELFGPE LFRLRVLELN ASDERGIQVV REKVKNFAQL TVSGSRSDGK PCPPFKIVIL DEADSMTSAA Q AALRRTME KESKTTRFCL ICNYVSRIIE PLTSRCSKFR FKPLSDKIQQ QRLLDIAKKE NVKISDEGIA YLVKVSEGDL RK AITFLQS ATRLTGGKEI TEKVITDIAG VIPAEKIDGV FAACQSGSFD KLEAVVKDLI DEGHAATQLV NQLHDVVVEN NLS DKQKSI ITEKLAEVDK CLADGADEHL QLISLCATVM QQLSQNC UniProtKB: Replication factor C subunit 4 |
-Macromolecule #5: Replication factor C subunit 3
| Macromolecule | Name: Replication factor C subunit 3 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 41.436258 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() |
| Sequence | String: MHHHHHMSLW VDKYRPCSLG RLDYHKEQAA QLRNLVQCGD FPHLLVYGPS GAGKKTRIMC ILRELYGVGV EKLRIEHQTI TTPSKKKIE ISTIASNYHL EVNPSDAGNS DRVVIQEMLK TVAQSQQLET NSQRDFKVVL LTEVDKLTKD AQHALRRTME K YMSTCRLI ...String: MHHHHHMSLW VDKYRPCSLG RLDYHKEQAA QLRNLVQCGD FPHLLVYGPS GAGKKTRIMC ILRELYGVGV EKLRIEHQTI TTPSKKKIE ISTIASNYHL EVNPSDAGNS DRVVIQEMLK TVAQSQQLET NSQRDFKVVL LTEVDKLTKD AQHALRRTME K YMSTCRLI LCCNSTSKVI PPIRSRCLAV RVPAPSIEDI CHVLSTVCKK EGLNLPSQLA HRLAEKSCRN LRKALLMCEA CR VQQYPFT ADQEIPETDW EVYLRETANA IVSQQTPQRL LEVRGRLYEL LTHCIPPEII MKGLLSELLH NCDGQLKGEV AQM AAYYEH RLQLGSKAIY HLEAFVAKFM ALYKKFMEDG LEGMMF UniProtKB: Replication factor C subunit 3 |
-Macromolecule #6: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
| Macromolecule | Name: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 6 Details: 8ZWO: M -5, initiation metihionine 8ZWO: -4 to 0, expression tag Number of copies: 3 / Enantiomer: LEVO |
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| Source (natural) | Organism: Homo sapiens (human) |
| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 29.617672 KDa |
| Recombinant expression | Organism: ![]() |
| Sequence | String: MHHHHHMFEA RLVQGSILKK VLEALKDLIN EACWDISSSG VNLQSMDSSH VSLVQLTLRS EGFDTYRCDR NLAMGVNLTS MSKILKCAG NEDIITLRAE DNADTLALVF EAPNQEKVSD YEMKLMDLDV EQLGIPEQEY SCVVKMPSGE FARICRDLSH I GDAVVISC ...String: MHHHHHMFEA RLVQGSILKK VLEALKDLIN EACWDISSSG VNLQSMDSSH VSLVQLTLRS EGFDTYRCDR NLAMGVNLTS MSKILKCAG NEDIITLRAE DNADTLALVF EAPNQEKVSD YEMKLMDLDV EQLGIPEQEY SCVVKMPSGE FARICRDLSH I GDAVVISC AKDGVKFSAS GELGNGNIKL SQTSNVDKEE EAVTIEMNEP VQLTFALRYL NFFTKATPLS STVTLSMSAD VP LVVEYKI ADMGHLKYYL APKIEDEEGS UniProtKB: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen |
-Macromolecule #7: ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
| Macromolecule | Name: ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / type: ligand / ID: 7 / Number of copies: 3 / Formula: ATP |
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| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 507.181 Da |
| Chemical component information | ![]() ChemComp-ATP: |
-Macromolecule #8: ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE
| Macromolecule | Name: ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / type: ligand / ID: 8 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: ADP |
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| Molecular weight | Theoretical: 427.201 Da |
| Chemical component information | ![]() ChemComp-ADP: |
-Experimental details
-Structure determination
| Method | cryo EM |
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Processing | single particle reconstruction |
| Aggregation state | particle |
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Sample preparation
| Buffer | pH: 7.5 / Details: 50 mM Tris-HCl, 200 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT |
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| Grid | Model: UltrAuFoil R1.2/1.3 / Material: GOLD / Mesh: 300 / Support film - Material: GOLD / Support film - topology: HOLEY / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Time: 30 sec. / Details: 30 mA |
| Vitrification | Cryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV |
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Electron microscopy
| Microscope | TFS KRIOS |
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| Temperature | Min: 83.0 K |
| Specialist optics | Energy filter - Name: TFS Selectris X / Energy filter - Slit width: 10 eV |
| Image recording | Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k) / Digitization - Dimensions - Width: 4096 pixel / Digitization - Dimensions - Height: 4096 pixel / Number grids imaged: 1 / Number real images: 7907 / Average exposure time: 5.0 sec. / Average electron dose: 43.0 e/Å2 |
| Electron beam | Acceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN |
| Electron optics | C2 aperture diameter: 50.0 µm / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.7 mm / Nominal defocus max: 2.7 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.5 µm / Nominal magnification: 130000 |
| Sample stage | Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER / Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN |
| Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |
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About Yorodumi




Keywords
Homo sapiens (human)
Authors
Saudi Arabia, 1 items
Citation






















Z (Sec.)
Y (Row.)
X (Col.)
















































Processing
FIELD EMISSION GUN


