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TitleStructure of the human CTF18-RFC clamp loader bound to PCNA.
Journal, issue, pagesbioRxiv, Year 2025
Publish dateJul 24, 2025
AuthorsGiuseppina R Briola / Muhammad Tehseen / Amani Al-Amodi / Grace Young / Ammar U Danazumi / Phong Quoc Nguyen / Christos G Savva / Mark Hedglin / Samir M Hamdan / Alfredo De Biasio /
PubMed AbstractSliding clamps like PCNA are crucial processivity factors for replicative polymerases, requiring specific clamp loaders for loading onto DNA. The human alternative clamp loader CTF18-RFC interacts ...Sliding clamps like PCNA are crucial processivity factors for replicative polymerases, requiring specific clamp loaders for loading onto DNA. The human alternative clamp loader CTF18-RFC interacts with the leading strand polymerase Pol ε and loads PCNA onto primer/template DNA using its RFC pentameric module. Here, we provide a structural characterization of the human CTF18-RFC complex and its interaction with PCNA. Our cryo-EM data support that the Ctf8 and Dcc1 subunits of CTF18-RFC, which form the regulatory module interacting with Pol ε, are flexibly tethered to the RFC module. A 2.9 Å cryo-EM structure shows the RFC module bound to PCNA in an autoinhibited conformation similar to the canonical RFC loader, marking the initial step of the clamp-loading reaction. The unique RFC1 (Ctf18) large subunit of CTF18-RFC, which based on the cryo-EM map shows high relative flexibility, is anchored to PCNA through an atypical low-affinity PIP box in the AAA+ domain and engages the RFC5 subunit using a novel β-hairpin at the disordered N-terminus. We show that deletion of this β-hairpin impairs the CTF18-RFC-PCNA complex stability, slows down clamp loading, and decreases the rate of primer synthesis by Pol ε. Our research identifies distinctive structural characteristics of the human CTF18-RFC complex, providing insights into its role in PCNA loading and the stimulation of leading strand synthesis by Pol ε.
External linksbioRxiv / PubMed:40777363 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.99 - 3.2 Å
Structure data

60534

8zwo

EMDB-60534, PDB-8zwo:
Structure of CTF18-PCNA with ATP
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.99 Å

60598

9iin

EMDB-60598, PDB-9iin:
Structure of CTF18-PCNA with ATP and Mg2+
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.2 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-ATP:
ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / ATP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

ChemComp-ADP:
ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / ADP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
KeywordsDNA BINDING PROTEIN / CTF18-RFC / human clamp loader; PCNA / sliding clamp; complex / ATP

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